Quraysh: Difference between revisions
→Family tree: {{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| |!| |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|*|~|~|~|#|~|*|~|#|~|~|~|#|~|7| | | |`|-|.| |`|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |}} |
Doc Tropics (talk | contribs) rm unsourced addition |
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== Family tree == |
== Family tree == |
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{{familytree/start|style=font-size:66%;}} |
{{familytree/start|style=font-size:66%;}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | İBR | | | |İBR='''[[İbrahim]]'''}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | İSM | | | |İSM='''[[İsmail]]'''}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KED | | |KED='''[[Qedarites]]'''}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ADN | | | | |ADN=[[Adnan|'''Adnān''']]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MLK | | | | |MLK=Mālik}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KRŞ | | | | | | | |KRŞ='''[[Quraysh]]'''<br />[[Fihr]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HRS | | MHR | | GLB | | | | | | |GLB=Gālib|MHR=Muhārib|HRS=Harith}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SEL | | | | | | LEY | | | | | | | | | |LEY=[[Lu'ay]]|SEL=Salabah}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SUR | | | | | | KAB | | SYL | | | | | |KAB=Kâ'b|SYL=Sayl|SUR=Sûrayr}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|~|#|~|-|-|-|-|-|-|(| | | |!| | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| ADI | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|#|~|~|~|~|~|~| MRH | | SAD | | | | | |ADI=[[Banu Adi|Adiy]]|MRH=[[Murrah ibn Ka'b|'''Mûrrah''']]|SAD=Sa'd}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | ESM |~|~|y|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | HND |~|~|y|~|~|~|J| | | |!| | | | | | |ESM =Asmā|HND=Hind|ADİ=[[Banu Adi|Adiy]] }} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |`|-|-| KLB |y| FTM | | | | | | | |KLB='''[[Kilab ibn Murrah]]'''|FTM=[[Fatimah bint Sa'd]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | TYM | | YKZ | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | |TYM=[[Banu Taym]]|YKZ=Yakazah}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KSI |~|~|y|~|~| HBH | | ZHR | | | | | |KSI='''[[Qusai ibn Kilab]]'''|ZHR='''[[Zuhrah ibn Kilab]]'''|HBH=[[Hubba bint Hulail]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | SAD | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|'| | | |`|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | |SAD=Sa'd}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | |!| | | | | | | ABZ | | | | ABD | | VAK |~|~|y|~|~| MNH | | ABM |y| ĀTİ | |ABD=[[Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai]]|VAK=Waqida bint Amr|ABZ=[[Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai]]|MNH='''[[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai]]'''|ABM='''ʿAbd Manāf ibn Zuhrah'''|ĀTİ=ʿĀtika}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|'| | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | }} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | KAB | | | | | | |!| | | | | BAD | | NVF | | ATK |~|y|J| | | |,|-|'| | | | |BAD=[[Banu Abd-al-dar]]|NVF=[[Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf]]|ATK=[[Atikah bint Murrah]]|KAB=Ka'b}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |!| |,|-|-|-|v|^|-|-|v|~|#|~|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | | | AMR | | | | | | ESD | | | | ABM | | |!| SMS | | HAL | | BAR |!| MTL | | HSM |~|~|~| HŞO | | | | | | |ABM=ʿAbd Manāf ibn ʿAbd ad-Dār|ESD=[[Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza]]|SMS=[[Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf|ʿAbd Shams ibnʿAbdManaf]]|HAL=Hala|BAR=Barra|MTL=[[Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf]]|HSM='''[[Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf]]'''|HŞO=''[[Hashemites]]''|AMR=Amr}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |:| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!| |L|~|7| | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| NUF | | AMİ | | SAK | | HVY | | NEF | | KLD | | BNF | | UMY | | BRR |y| VHB | | ESF | | ABM |F| EBH | | NAZ | |KLD=Kalde|NEF=[[Nawfal (name)|Nawfal]] ibn [[Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza|Asad]]|HVY=[[Khuwaylid ibn Asad]]|BNF=[[Banu Nawfal]]|UMY=[[Umayya ibn Abd Shams]]|BRR=Barra|VHB='''[[Wahb ibn 'Abd Manaf]]'''|ABM=[[‘Abd al-Muttalib]]|EBH=[[Asad ibn Hashim]]|ESF=Abusayfah|NAZ=Nazle|AMİ=Amir|SAK=Sakhar|NUF=Nufayl}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|.| | | |`|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|*|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| HTB | | KHF |y| SÜH | | |!| | | VRK | | ALK | | HRB | | | | ALA | | | | AMN |y| ALH | | TLB |:| HMZ | | ABS | |HTB=[[Khattab ibn Nufayl]]|KHF=[[Uthman Abu Quhafa]]|ALK=Alkame|VRK=[[Waraka ibn Nawfal]]|SÜH=[[Salma Umm-ul-Khair]]|HRB=Harb|ALA=[[Abu al-'As ibn Umayyah]]|AMN=[[Aminah bint Wahb]]|ALH=[[‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]]|TLB=[[Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]]|HMZ=[[Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]]|ABS=[[‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |!| | | |,|-|'| | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |!| | | |,|-|+|-|.| | | |,|-|'| | | | | |!|F|J| | | | | |!| | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| OMR | | EBK | | SAF |y| AVM | | KHA | | HRS | | ESF | | HKM |!| AFN | | MHM |y| HTC |F| ALI |y| HBC | | ABA | |ABA=[[Abdullah bin Abbas|ʿAbd Allâh bin `Abbâs]]|OMR=[[Umar ibn al-Khattab]]|EBK=[[Abu Bakr As-Siddiq|Abu Bakr]] ''([[Family tree of Abu Bakr|Family]])''|SAF=[[Safiyyah bint ‘Abd al-Muttalib|Safiyyah]] bint [[‘Abd al-Muttalib]]|HRS=Harith|ESF=[[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb]]|HKM=[[Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As]]|AFN=[[Affan ibn Abi al-'As]]|MHM='''[[Muhammed]]''' ''([[Family tree of Muhammad|Family]])''|AVM=[[Awwam ibn Khuwaylid]]|HTC=[[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid|'''Khadijah''']] ''([[Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters|Daughters]])''|KHA=[[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]|ALI='''[[Ali]]''' ''([[Family tree of Ali|Family tree]])''|HBC=[[Khawlah bint Ja'far]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |!| |,|-|+|-|-|-|.| |`|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| |F|7|!| |!| |!| | | |!| |`|-|.| |:| |,|-|'| | | | | |!| | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| HFS |!| AYS | | ESM |y| ZBY | | | | | | NDR | | MVY |:| MRV |!| OSM |~| RKY | | FTM |K| MHM |~| KEY | | AAB | | |HFS=[[Hafsa bint Umar]]|AYS=[[Aisha bint Abu Bakr|Aisha]] ''([[Family tree of Aisha|Family tree]])''|ESM=[[Asmā' bint Abu Bakr]]|NDR=Nadr|ZBY=[[Zubayr ibn al-Awam]]|MVY=[[Muawiyah I]]|MRV=[[Marwan ibn al-Hakam]]|OSM=[[Uthman ibn Affan]]|RKY=[[Ruqayyah bint Muhammad]]|FTM=[[Fatimah Zahra]]|ALI=[[Ali el-Mûrtezâ]]|HBC=[[Havlet bint Câ'fer]]|KEY=[[Mukhtar al-Thaqafi|Al-Mukhtar]] [[Banu Thaqif|al-Thaqafi]]<br/>''([[Kaysanites Shia|Kaysān’îyyah]])''|AAB=ʿAli bin ʿAbd Allāh|MHM=[[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |,|-|+|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |:| |,|-|'| |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|'| |`|-|-|.|:| |F|7|!| |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| ADL |!| ÜMG | | ABZ | | MNZ |!| ASM | | MHC | | EMV |:| UEA |,| HSN |y| HWF | | HSY |y| SHR | | HSM |J| MEİ | | |ADL=[[Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr|ʿAbd Allâh ibn Abi Bakr]]|ÜMG=[[Umm Khultum bint Abu Bakr|Umm Khultum]]|ABZ=[[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]]|MNZ=Al-Munzir bin Zubayr|ASM=Asim bin Zubayr|MHC=Al-Muhacir bin Zubayr|MEİ=Muhammad '''"al-Imām"'''|EMV='''[[Ummayads]]'''|UEA=[[Uthman ibn Abu-al-Aas]]|HSN=[[Hasan al-mujtaba]]|HSY=[[Hussein ibn Ali]] ''([[Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali|Family]])''|HSM=[[Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah|Abu Hāshim]] [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah|al-Hānafiyyah]] ''([[Kaysanites Shia|Kaysān’īyyah]])''|SHR=[[Shahrbanu]]|HWF=Mother of [[Fatimah bint Hasan|Fātimāh]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |:| |,|-|^|-|.| |`|-|.| | | |,|-|'| | | | | |,|-|-|'|:|}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| MHD | | ARH | | HAT | | UMH | | AYŞ | | URV | | YEZ |:| ZBH | | HSN | | FBH |y| ZYN |y| CSD | | SEF |~| İEİ | |ARH=[[Abdu'l-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr|ʿAbd al-Rāhman]]|MHD=[[Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr]]|ZBH=Zayd ibn al-Hasan|HSN=Hasan al-Mu'thannā|FBH=[[Fatimah bint Hasan]]|ZYN=[[Zayn al-‘Ābidīn|Ali Zayn<br/>al-‘Āb’i-Dīn]]|HAT=Khadijah bint Zubayr|UMH=Ümmü Hasan|AYŞ=Aisha bint Zubayr|URV=[[Urwah ibn al-Zubayr]]|YEZ=[[Yazid I]]|İEİ=Ibrāheem '''"al-Imām"'''|SEF=[[As-Saffah]]|CSD=Jayda al-Sindhi}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| |:| |!| | | |!| | | | | |`|-|.| |`|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| KBM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HİŞ | | MUA |:| HBZ | | ABD | | ÜFV |y| MBK | | ZYD | | ABS | | CAT | |KBM=[[Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr|Qasim ibn Muhammad]]|HİŞ=[[Hisham ibn Urwah]]|HBZ=[[Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan]]|ABD=ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmil|MBK=[[Muhammad al-Baqir]]<br>''([[Imāmah]])''|ZYD=[[Zayd ash-Shaheed ibn Ali|Zayd ash-Shaheed]]<br>''([[Zaidiyyah]])''|MUA=[[Muawiyah II]]|SEF=[[As-Saffah]]|ÜFV=[[Farwah bint al-Qasim|Farwah]] bint [[Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr|al-Qasim]]|ABS='''[[Abbasids]]'''|CAT=[[Ja'far ibn Abi Talib|Jāʿfar ibn Abī Tālīb]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |L|~|J| |!| |,|-|(| | | | | |`|-|.| | | |`|-|-|-|v|-|.| |!| |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| ÜFV | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ZYN | | | | | | İBZ |!| MHM | | HBK |y| CFR |y| FHA | | HRZ |!| ABC | | |ZYN=[[Zayn al-‘Ābidīn|Ali Zayn<br/>al-‘Āb’i-Dīn]]|ÜFV=[[Farwah bint al-Qasim]]|İBZ=Ismā‘il ibn Hassan|MHM=[[Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]]|FHA=Fatima bint al-Hussain'l-Athram|CFR=[[Ja'far al-Sadiq|Jāʿfar al-Sādiq]] ''([[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Imamāh‘Shi'ā]])|HRZ=[[Zaydi Revolt|Hasan ibn Zayd]]’ûl-[[Alids|Alavī]] ''([[Tabaristan]])''|ABS='''[[Abbasids]]'''|HBK=[[Hamidah Khatun|Hamīdah al-Barbariyyah Khātūn]]|ABC=[[Abdullah ibn Ja'far|ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jāʿfar]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| |)|-|.| | | | | |`|-|.| |`|-|v|-|.| |,|-|(| |!| |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UAA | | | | | | MBİ |!| IDR | | UBN |y| MSK | | ISM |!| YBZ |!| İSM | | |UAA=‘Umar al-Ashraf|MBİ=Muhammed ibn Ismā‘il|ISM=[[Isma'il ibn Jafar|Ismā‘il]]<br>''([[Ismailiyya|Ismā‘il’īyyah]])''|IDR=[[Idris I|Idris ibn ʿAbd Allāh]]|UBN=Ummul Banīn Najmah|MSK=[[Musa al-Kadhim]]<br>''([[Athnā‘ashariyyah]])''|YBZ=[[Zayd ibn Ali|Yāhyā ibn Zayd]]’ûl-[[Alids|Alavī]]|İSM=Ismā‘il ibn ʿAbd Allāh}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| |!| |!| | | | | |`|-|.| | | |!| |!| |,|-|'| |!| |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ALİ | | | | | | ZBM |!| IDR | | SKR |y| ALR | | MHM |!| HBZ | | ABD | | |ALİ=‘Alī|ZBM=Zayyed|IDR='''[[Idrisids]]'''|SKR=Sabīkah Khayzurān|MHM=[[Muhammad ibn Ismail|Muhammed]]|ALR=[[Ali al-Ridha]]|HBZ=[[Zayd ibn Ali|Hussein]]|ABD=ʿAbd Allāh}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|(| |)|-|.| | | | | |`|-|.| | | |!| |!| |!| | | |!|}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HAS | | |!| | | DKH |!| IBR | | SUM |y| CVD | | VAF |!| YHY | | HSY | |HAS=al-Ḥasan|DKH=[[Hasan ibn Zayd|Dā‘ī al-Kabīr]]|IBR=Ibrāhim|VAF=[[Ahmad al-Wafi|Al-Wafi]]|SUM=Sumānah|CVD=[[Muhammad al-Jawad|M. al-Jawād]]|YHY=Yāhyā|HSY=al-Hussayn}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|F|~|J|!| |`|-|.| | | | | |`|-|.| | | |!| |!| |!| | | |!| |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ALİ | | DSM | | |!| | | YAH | | HSS |y| ANK | | TKY |!| UMR |y| FTM | |ALİ=‘Alī|TKY=[[Taqi Muhammad|At-Tāqī]]|HSS=Hadīthah/Sūsan/Savīl|ANK=[[Ali al-Hadi|‘Alī al-Hādī]]|YAH=Yāhyā|DSM=[[Muhammad ibn Zayd|Al-ṣāghīr]]|UMR=‘Umar|FTM=Fatımā}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|F|~|J|!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | |`|-|.| | | |!| |!| | | |!| | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HUT | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | NAR |y| ASK | | RAZ |!| | | YBU | | |HUT=[[Hasan ibn Ali al-Utrush|al-Nāṣīr]]|RAZ=[[Rabi Abdullah|Ar-Rāḍī]]|NAR=[[Narjis]]|ASK=[[Hasan al-Askari]]|YBU=[[Yahya ibn Umar|Yāhyā Kufī]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |`|-|-|.|!|,|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | |`|-|.| | | |!| |!| | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ZAH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MHD | | FTM |`|-|.| | | | | |ZAH='''[[Alavids]]'''|FTM=[[Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah|Mahdi Billāh]]|MHD=[[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Muhammad Mahdi]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MHD | | FTM | | AFT | | | | |FTM='''[[Fatimids]]''' ''([[Seven pillars of Ismailism|Ismailism]])''|AFT=[[Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq|'''Al-Aftāh''']] ''([[Fathiyya|Aftāhīyyah]])''|MHD='''[[Twelve Imams]]''' [[Imamah (Shia Twelver doctrine)|''(Twelvers)'']]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FTM | | MAT | | | | |FTM=[[Al-Qa'im Bi-Amrillah|Al-Qā'im]]|MAT=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Aftah|Muhammad]]}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} |
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{{familytree |
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FTM | | | | | | | | |FTM=[[Al-Mansur Billah|Al-Mansur]]}} |
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Revision as of 00:55, 16 June 2014
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Muhammad |
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The Quraysh or Quréish or Quraish (Arabic: قريش, Qurayš; other transliterations include "Quresh", "Qurrish", "Qurish", "Qirsh", "Quréishi" "Qureshi", "Kuraish", "Koraish", "Koreish" and "Coreish") were a powerful merchant tribe that controlled Mecca and its Ka'aba and that according to tradition descended from Ishmael.
Muhammad was born into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe.[1]
Ancestry
The tribe traditionally traces a genealogical history backwards from their eponymous ancestor Mudhar to Adam, Abraham and Ishmael:
According to this tradition, Quraysh is Nadhr ibn ("son of") Kinanah ibn Khuzaimah ibn Madrakah ibn Ilyas (Elijah) ibn Mudhar ibn Nazar ibn Ma'ad ibn Adnan ibn Add ibn Sind ibn Qedar[2] ibn Ishmael[3][3][4] ibn Abraham[5] ibn Azar[6][7] (Terah) ibn Nahoor[8] ibn Serug[9] ibn Reu[10] ibn Peleg[11] ibn Eber ibn Salah[12][13][14] ibn Arpachshad[15] ibn Shem ibn Noah ibn Lamech[16] ibn Methuselah ibn Idris (Enoch) ibn Jared ibn Mahalalel ibn Kenan ibn Enos ibn Seth ibn Adam.
Early history
According to Arabic history books, the Quraysh tribe was a branch of the Banu Kinanah tribe, which descended from the Mudhar. For several generations they were spread about among other tribal groupings. About five generations before Muhammad the situation was changed by Qusai ibn Kilab. By war and diplomacy he assembled an alliance that delivered to him the keys of the Kaaba, an important pagan shrine which brought revenues to Mecca because of the multitude of pilgrims that it attracted. He then gathered his fellow tribesmen to settle at Mecca, where he enjoyed such adulation from his kin that they adjudged him their de facto king, a position that was enjoyed by no other descendant of his. Different responsibilities were apportioned between different clans. There were some rivalries among the clans, and these became especially pronounced during Muhammad's lifetime.
The Quaraysh's main god was Hubal. According to The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, "The Qurayshite pantheon was composed principally of idols that were in the Haram of Makka, that is, Hubal (the most important and oldest deity), Manaf, Isaf, and Na'ila."[17]
Opposition to Muhammad
Some clan leaders did not appreciate Muhammad's claim of prophethood and tried to silence him by putting pressure on his uncle, Abu Talib. They rejected Islam's conception of monotheism; while they agreed that there was a single higher God, they also worshipped many lesser Gods they believed were intermediaries between mankind and the one higher God.[18] Many of the clans also began to oppose the followers of Muhammad, for example by boycotting them. A number of early Muslims took refuge with the Christian king of Abyssinia,[19] while Muhammad himself would later emigrate to Yathrib, now Medina. The Quraysh fought many battles against Muhammad. One major clash, the Battle of Badr in 624 C.E., where the Quraysh were defeated, was later seen as a turning point for Muslims.[20] After Muhammad conquered Mecca in 630, he pardoned most of those who had previously opposed him, which helped maintain peace among the different clans.[citation needed] After Muhammad died, clan rivalries reignited, playing central roles in the conflicts over the caliphate and contributing to the Shia-Sunni divide.
Clans and the Caliphate
After the introduction of Islam by Muḥammad, the Quraysh gained supremacy and produced the three dynasties of the Ummayad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate and the Fatimid Caliphate.[citation needed] The split between the Shi'a and Sunni branches of Islam centers over the succession to Muhammad.[21] The Sunnis believe Abu Bakr was elected as Muhammad's successor while the Shi'a (literally "supporters [of Ali]") believe Muhammad appointed `Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor.[citation needed]
`Ali was a member of Muhammad's clan, the Banu Hashim. Abu Bakr, while a close companion of Muhammad, came from the Banu Taym clan.[21]
The second caliph, `Umar ibn al-Khattab, was from the Banu Adi clan.[21]
The third caliph, `Uthman ibn `Affan, was from the Banu Umayyah clan.[21]
When `Ali was made caliph after the death of `Uthman, the Caliphate was in the hands of the Banu Hashim, but he was almost immediately challenged by Muawiyah, who was a member of the Umayyad clan.[21] After `Ali's assassination at the hands of the Kharajites, the Shi'a hoped his son Hasan would become Caliph, but he deferred the position to Mu`awiyah, in hoping to quell the long-lasting civil war between the Muslims at that time. Mu`awiyah, in turn, violated the treaty signed with Hasan bin Ali, established the Umayyad line of Caliphs.[21]
After the death of Mu`awiyah, his son Yazid became caliph but was almost immediately challenged by `Ali's younger son, Hussayn. Hussayn would not swear allegiance to Yazid when he received letters from the people of Al-Kufah that speak of Yazid's wrongdoing against Islam, and Hussayn's acknowledgment of the caliphate's non-hereditary lineage, which Yazid had breached. Hussayn was martyred by the stronger forces of Yazid at the Battle of Karbala. This event would ultimately lead to a full schism between Shi'a Islam and Sunni Islam.
In the Shi'a view, Muhammad's descendants through Ali were persecuted by Umayyad Caliphs.
Clans
Quraysh branched out into various sub-clans, who in turn branched out into yet further sub-clans. Roughly the division corresponded to the family lines of the current chieftain of that clan having sons.
- Banu Quraysh — Quraysh was divided into several sub-clans.
- Banu Abd-al-dar — sub-clan of Quraysh
- Banu Abd Manaf — sub-clan of Quraysh
- Banu Nawfal — sub-clan of Banu Abd Manaf, clan of Mut`im ibn ‘Adi[22]
- Banu Muttalib — sub-clan of Banu Abd Manaf
- Banu Hashim — sub-clan of Banu Abd Manaf, clan of Hashim, the Prophet Muhammad's great-grandfather.
- Banu Abd Shams — sub-clan of Banu Abd Manaf, parent clan of Banu Umayyah.
- Banu Umayyah — sub-clan of Banu Abd Shams, clan of Abu Sufyan and Uthman ibn Affan
- Banu Makhzum — sub-clan of Quraysh, clan of Khalid ibn al-Walid
- Banu Zuhrah — sub-clan of Quraysh, clan of Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas
- Banu Taym — sub-clan of Quraysh, clan of Abu Bakr
- Banu Adi — sub-clan of Quraysh, clan of Umar ibn al-Khattab
- Banu Asad (Quraysh) — sub-clan of Quraysh, clan of Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr and Khadijah
- Banu Jumah — sub-clan of Quraysh
- Banu Sahm — sub-clan of Quraysh, clan of Amr ibn al-As
Leaders
The leaders of the Quraysh (Arabic: Sadat Quraysh), who formed Mecca's aristocracy upon the appearance of Muhammad, included:
- Aaes ibn Waeel (Banu Saham)
- Abu Jahl (Banu Makhzum)[23]
- Abu Lahab (Banu Hashim)
- Abu Sufyan ibn Harb (Banu Umayyah)
- Akhnas ibn Shariq (Haleef Banu Aadi)[24]
- Aswad ibn Mutlib (Banu Asad)
- Hakeem ibn Huzaam (Banu Asad)
- Matum ibn Aadi (Banu Nawfal)
- Mughirah ibn Abd-Allah (Banu Makhzum)
- Nabeeha ibn Hujaj (Banu Jumahe)
- Nazar ibn Harris (Banu Abdudaar)
- Suhayl ibn Amr (Banu Aamir)[24]
- Umayyah ibn Khalaf (Banu Jumahe)[23]
- Uqba ibn Mueet (Banu Abdudaar)
- Utba ibn Rabi'ah (Banu Abdushams)
Related tribes
- Banu Kinanah
- Banu Hothail
- Banu Sulaym
- Banu Tamim
- Bani Assad
- Thaqif
- Banu Hawazin
- Banu Ghatafan
- Quraysh
See also
- Abbasid Caliphate
- Alaouite dynasty
- Banu Hashim
- Awan
- Ba 'Alawiyya
- Hashemite
- Sayyid
- Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
- al-Ubaid (tribe)
- Muse
- Hawk of Quraish
Family tree
References
- ^ Al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (2002). The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum). Darussalam. p. 30. ISBN 1591440718.
- ^ Book of Genesis 25:12-16
- ^ a b Ishmael, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an
- ^ Azraqi, Akhbar Makkah, vol. 1, pp. 58-66
- ^ Qur'an 2:127 to 136
- ^ Qur'an 6:74
- ^ Qur'an 37:99–111
- ^ Luke 3:35
- ^ Book of Genesis11:20-23
- ^ Genesis 11:20
- ^ Genesis 10:25
- ^ Genesis 10:24
- ^ Genesis 11:12-13
- ^ Luke 3:36
- ^ Book of Genesis 10:22, 24; 11:10-13; 1 Chron. 1:17-18
- ^ Luke 3:37
- ^ Johnson, Scott (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195336931.
- ^ Abdullah Saeed, The Qur'an: An Introduction, pg. 62. London: Routledge, 2008. ISBN 9781134102945
- ^ Donner, Fred M. (2010). Muhammad and the Believers. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-674-05097-6.
- ^ "Witness-pioneer.org". Witness-pioneer.org. 2002-09-16. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
- ^ a b c d e f "Early Muslim Leaders from the Tribe of Quraysh" (PNG). Retrieved 2010-04-24.
- ^ GLUBB, John Bagot, The Life and Times of Mohammed, in A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims, chapter "Muhammad's Visit to Ta'if", Al-islam.org.
- ^ a b Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:286
- ^ a b M Pacuk.