Aix-Marseille University: Difference between revisions
m →Lawyers, judges, and legal academics: HTTP→HTTPS for SCOTUS, Oyez Project and Cornell Law, per BRFA 8 using AWB |
Rescuing 19 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v1.4beta4) |
||
Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
'''Aix-Marseille University''' ('''AMU'''; {{lang-fr|Aix-Marseille Université}}; formally incorporated as ''Université d'Aix-Marseille'')<ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n° 2011-1010 du 24 août 2011 portant création de l'université d'Aix-Marseille|date=|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000024502554&categorieLien=id|language=French|accessdate=2016-07-01}}</ref> is a [[public university|public]] [[research university]] located in [[Provence]], [[southern France]]. It was founded in 1409 when [[Louis II of Anjou]], [[Count of Provence]], petitioned the [[Council of Pisa|Pisan]] [[Antipope Alexander V]] to create the [[University of Provence]].<ref>C. D. O'Malley, “The History of Medical Education: [[UCLA]] Forum in Medical Sciences”, [[University of California Press]], 1970, p. 125</ref> The university as it is today was formed by the merger of the University of Provence, the [[University of the Mediterranean]] and [[Paul Cézanne University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moveonnet.eu/directory/institution?id=FRMARSEIL84|title=Aix-Marseille Université |
'''Aix-Marseille University''' ('''AMU'''; {{lang-fr|Aix-Marseille Université}}; formally incorporated as ''Université d'Aix-Marseille'')<ref>{{Citation|title=Décret n° 2011-1010 du 24 août 2011 portant création de l'université d'Aix-Marseille|date=|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000024502554&categorieLien=id|language=French|accessdate=2016-07-01}}</ref> is a [[public university|public]] [[research university]] located in [[Provence]], [[southern France]]. It was founded in 1409 when [[Louis II of Anjou]], [[Count of Provence]], petitioned the [[Council of Pisa|Pisan]] [[Antipope Alexander V]] to create the [[University of Provence]].<ref>C. D. O'Malley, “The History of Medical Education: [[UCLA]] Forum in Medical Sciences”, [[University of California Press]], 1970, p. 125</ref> The university as it is today was formed by the merger of the University of Provence, the [[University of the Mediterranean]] and [[Paul Cézanne University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moveonnet.eu/directory/institution?id=FRMARSEIL84|title=Aix-Marseille Université |
||
— |
— |
||
moveonnet|website=www.moveonnet.eu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://univprovence.fr/|title=University of Provence|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aca-secretariat.be/index.php?id=29&tx_smfacanewsletter_pi1%5Bnl_uid%5D=84&tx_smfacanewsletter_pi1%5Buid%5D=2808&tx_smfacanewsletter_pi1%5BbackPid%5D=426&cHash=0327f4b46f53e554db3b8571eb79c4db|title=ACA Secretariat: Details|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> The merger became effective on 1 January 2012, resulting in the creation of the largest university in the [[French-speaking world]], with about 70,000 students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.incubateur-impulse.com/cms/founders/|title=Founding partners - Impulse|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://onclaude.com/story/marseille-a-new-mediterranean-hotspot-for-innovation|title=Marseille, a new Mediterranean hotspot for innovation?|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> AMU has the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the [[Francophone world]], standing at €750 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nouvelles-du-monde.com/les-bons-points-du-ministre-pour-aix-marseille-universite-la-provence/|title=L’ensemble des bons points du ministre pour Aix-Marseille Université – La Provence|publisher=}}</ref> |
moveonnet|website=www.moveonnet.eu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://univprovence.fr/ |title=University of Provence |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313190950/http://univprovence.fr/ |archivedate=13 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aca-secretariat.be/index.php?id=29&tx_smfacanewsletter_pi1%5Bnl_uid%5D=84&tx_smfacanewsletter_pi1%5Buid%5D=2808&tx_smfacanewsletter_pi1%5BbackPid%5D=426&cHash=0327f4b46f53e554db3b8571eb79c4db|title=ACA Secretariat: Details|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> The merger became effective on 1 January 2012, resulting in the creation of the largest university in the [[French-speaking world]], with about 70,000 students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.incubateur-impulse.com/cms/founders/|title=Founding partners - Impulse|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://onclaude.com/story/marseille-a-new-mediterranean-hotspot-for-innovation|title=Marseille, a new Mediterranean hotspot for innovation?|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> AMU has the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the [[Francophone world]], standing at €750 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nouvelles-du-monde.com/les-bons-points-du-ministre-pour-aix-marseille-universite-la-provence/|title=L’ensemble des bons points du ministre pour Aix-Marseille Université – La Provence|publisher=}}</ref> |
||
The university is organized around five main campuses situated in [[Aix-en-Provence]] and [[Marseille]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/pid24759-cid61420/reunion-interministerielle-sur-marseille-cinq-propositions-pour-les-etudiants.html|title=Réunion interministérielle sur Marseille: cinq propositions pour les étudiants|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> Apart from its major campuses, AMU owns and operates facilities in [[Arles]], [[Aubagne]], [[Avignon]], [[Digne-les-Bains]], [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]], [[La Ciotat]], [[Lambesc]] and [[Salon-de-Provence]]. The university is headquartered at the Pharo, Marseille.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whed.net/detail_institution.php?id=217|title=Aix-Marseilles Université - WHED - IAU's World Higher Education Database|website=whed.net}}</ref> |
The university is organized around five main campuses situated in [[Aix-en-Provence]] and [[Marseille]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/pid24759-cid61420/reunion-interministerielle-sur-marseille-cinq-propositions-pour-les-etudiants.html|title=Réunion interministérielle sur Marseille: cinq propositions pour les étudiants|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> Apart from its major campuses, AMU owns and operates facilities in [[Arles]], [[Aubagne]], [[Avignon]], [[Digne-les-Bains]], [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]], [[La Ciotat]], [[Lambesc]] and [[Salon-de-Provence]]. The university is headquartered at the Pharo, Marseille.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whed.net/detail_institution.php?id=217|title=Aix-Marseilles Université - WHED - IAU's World Higher Education Database|website=whed.net}}</ref> |
||
Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
==Academic profile== |
==Academic profile== |
||
[[Image:Hotel Meynier d'Oppede by JMC.jpg|thumb|left|160px|''Hôtel Maynier d'Oppède'', built 1757, former home of the ''IEFEE'']] |
[[Image:Hotel Meynier d'Oppede by JMC.jpg|thumb|left|160px|''Hôtel Maynier d'Oppède'', built 1757, former home of the ''IEFEE'']] |
||
Aix-Marseille University enrolls almost 71,000 students, including more than 10,000 international students from 128 different countries. The university, with its wide range of general and vocational courses including 600 degree courses, offers teaching in fields as varied as the Arts, Social Sciences, Health, Sport and Economics, Law and Political Sciences, Applied Economics and Management, and Exact Sciences such as Mathematics, Data-processing, Physical Sciences, Astrophysical Sciences, Chemistry and Biology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.international.univ-cezanne.fr/UPCAM/Guide.pdf|title=GUIDE: International Student Handbook – Aix-Marseille University|publisher=}}</ref> Its 132 recognized research units and 21 faculties make it a centre of international excellence in social and natural sciences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marseille.fr/newslettereco/jsp/site/Portal.jsp?document_id=43&portlet_id=11|title=Ville de Marseille - "A new proposal for education, comprehensible and consistent", Yvon Berland, chancellor of the University of Aix-Marseille|author=Ville de Marseille|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> With more than 500 international agreements, the university participates in the creation of European area of education and research and in the development of mobility. A policy in the direction of Asian countries has led to increase its enrollments of excellent international students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madrasi.info/french-universities.html|title=French Universities|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> Programmes in French and/or English have been organized in order to favour the welcome and the integration of international students, in particular thanks to the presence within the university of the Institute of French Studies for Foreign Students ''(Institut d'Etudes Françaises Pour Etudiants Etrangers (IEFEE))''. The ''IEFEE'' was founded in 1953 and is regarded as one of the best French-language teaching centres in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northeastern.edu/studyabroad/programs/cea-aix-en-provence/|title=AIX-EN-PROVENCE: CEA|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gowithcea.com/programs/france/aix_en_provence/5012/partner_institution_description.html |title=CEA Global Education – The University Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III |publisher=Gowithcea.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> About a thousand students from 65 countries attend the institute throughout the academic year. The institute is also a notable centre for teachers of French as a foreign language, and its function is to provide training and perfecting of linguistic abilities in French as a scientific and cultural means of communication. Furthermore, the university is "one of the most distinguished in France, second only to the University of Paris in the areas of [[French literature]], history, and linguistics", according to [[Harvard University]]'s website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~oip/approved_programs/literature.html|title=Office of International Education|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ogp.columbia.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram&Program_ID=10379|title=Programs > Brochure > Office of Global Programs|work=Office of Global Programs|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cuabroad.cornell.edu/_customtags/ct_FileRetrieve.cfm?File_ID=060574704F07770206067276731F7700087C1B01057F746B7B08040174727103070E737C01010275|title=Cornell ABROAD – FRANCE & FRENCH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES (Cornell University)|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
Aix-Marseille University enrolls almost 71,000 students, including more than 10,000 international students from 128 different countries. The university, with its wide range of general and vocational courses including 600 degree courses, offers teaching in fields as varied as the Arts, Social Sciences, Health, Sport and Economics, Law and Political Sciences, Applied Economics and Management, and Exact Sciences such as Mathematics, Data-processing, Physical Sciences, Astrophysical Sciences, Chemistry and Biology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.international.univ-cezanne.fr/UPCAM/Guide.pdf |title=GUIDE: International Student Handbook – Aix-Marseille University |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627073410/http://www.international.univ-cezanne.fr/UPCAM/Guide.pdf |archivedate=27 June 2013 }}</ref> Its 132 recognized research units and 21 faculties make it a centre of international excellence in social and natural sciences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marseille.fr/newslettereco/jsp/site/Portal.jsp?document_id=43&portlet_id=11|title=Ville de Marseille - "A new proposal for education, comprehensible and consistent", Yvon Berland, chancellor of the University of Aix-Marseille|author=Ville de Marseille|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> With more than 500 international agreements, the university participates in the creation of European area of education and research and in the development of mobility. A policy in the direction of Asian countries has led to increase its enrollments of excellent international students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madrasi.info/french-universities.html|title=French Universities|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> Programmes in French and/or English have been organized in order to favour the welcome and the integration of international students, in particular thanks to the presence within the university of the Institute of French Studies for Foreign Students ''(Institut d'Etudes Françaises Pour Etudiants Etrangers (IEFEE))''. The ''IEFEE'' was founded in 1953 and is regarded as one of the best French-language teaching centres in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northeastern.edu/studyabroad/programs/cea-aix-en-provence/|title=AIX-EN-PROVENCE: CEA|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gowithcea.com/programs/france/aix_en_provence/5012/partner_institution_description.html |title=CEA Global Education – The University Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III |publisher=Gowithcea.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> About a thousand students from 65 countries attend the institute throughout the academic year. The institute is also a notable centre for teachers of French as a foreign language, and its function is to provide training and perfecting of linguistic abilities in French as a scientific and cultural means of communication. Furthermore, the university is "one of the most distinguished in France, second only to the University of Paris in the areas of [[French literature]], history, and linguistics", according to [[Harvard University]]'s website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~oip/approved_programs/literature.html|title=Office of International Education|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ogp.columbia.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram&Program_ID=10379|title=Programs > Brochure > Office of Global Programs|work=Office of Global Programs|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cuabroad.cornell.edu/_customtags/ct_FileRetrieve.cfm?File_ID=060574704F07770206067276731F7700087C1B01057F746B7B08040174727103070E737C01010275|title=Cornell ABROAD – FRANCE & FRENCH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES (Cornell University)|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
||
The university’s library system comprises 59 libraries, with 662,000 volumes, 20,000 online periodical titles, and thousands of digital resources, making it one of the largest and most diverse academic library systems in France. The overall area occupied by the libraries is equal to 37,056 m², including 19,703 m² public access space. The libraries offer 49.2 kilometers of open-stacks shelving and 4,219 seats for student study. In addition, there are 487 computer workstations, which are available to the public for research purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univ-amu.fr/documentation|title=Documentation|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
The university’s library system comprises 59 libraries, with 662,000 volumes, 20,000 online periodical titles, and thousands of digital resources, making it one of the largest and most diverse academic library systems in France. The overall area occupied by the libraries is equal to 37,056 m², including 19,703 m² public access space. The libraries offer 49.2 kilometers of open-stacks shelving and 4,219 seats for student study. In addition, there are 487 computer workstations, which are available to the public for research purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univ-amu.fr/documentation|title=Documentation|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
||
Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
The law school at AMU dates back to the university's foundation in 1409.<ref>[http://flora.univ-cezanne.fr/flora/pub_aix/fr/scd/Faculte-Droit-Aix-15e-20e.pdf LA FACULTE DE DROIT D’AIX-EN-PROVENCE: UNE HISTOIRE, UN PATRIMOINE]</ref> The school had far-reaching influence, since written law, which in France originated in Aix-en-Provence, spread from there, eventually replacing the [[common law]] practiced throughout the rest of Northern [[Gaul]].<ref>Ferne Arfin, “Adventure Guide to Provence & the Côte d'Azur”, Hunter Publishing Inc, 2009, p. 149</ref> The law school has a long tradition of self-management, with a strongly institutionalized culture and practices enrooted in the social and economic realities of the region.<ref>Francesco Longo, Daniela Cristofoli, “Strategic Change Management in the Public Sector”, [[John Wiley & Sons]], 2007, p. 83</ref> Today, it is one of the largest law schools in France, and is considered to be one of the nation's leading centres for legal research and teaching. The school is unique among [[List of faculties of law in France|French law schools]] for the breadth of courses offered and the extent of research undertaken in a wide range of fields. For 2016/17, the law school is ranked 2nd nationally for its undergraduate studies by ''[[Eduniversal]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meilleures-licences.com/licence-droit.html|title=Classement SMBG des Meilleurs Licences, Bachelors et Grandes Écoles - Spécialité Droit|author=Navin Caleechurn|publisher=|accessdate=29 November 2016}}</ref> Other than [[Panthéon-Assas University]], the school "has attracted the most prestigious law faculty in France", according to the [[University of Connecticut]]'s website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.uconn.edu/exchange-programs/study-abroad/international-exchange-programs/european-and-civil-law-aix-en-provenc |title=University of Connecticut – European and Civil Law in Aix-en-Provence, France |publisher=Law.uconn.edu |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> The teaching faculty comprises 155 professors and 172 adjunct lecturers, the latter drawn from private practice, the civil service, the judiciary and other organizations. Much of the legal research at the university is done under the auspices of its many research institutes – there is one in almost every field of law. Research activity is buttressed by a network of libraries, which holds an impressive collection of monographs and periodicals, including an important collection of 16th-century manuscripts. Moreover, the libraries have several specialized rooms dedicated to specific fields of law, in particular in [[International Law|International]] and [[European Law]] and [[Legal Theory]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.llmphd.uottawa.ca/en/prospective-students/llm/about-l-universite-paul-cezanne-aix-marseille-iii.html |title=University of Ottawa – About l'Université Paul-Cézanne (Aix-Marseille III) |publisher=Llmphd.uottawa.ca |accessdate=2 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319070035/http://www.llmphd.uottawa.ca/en/prospective-students/llm/about-l-universite-paul-cezanne-aix-marseille-iii.html |archivedate=19 March 2012 |df= }}</ref> |
The law school at AMU dates back to the university's foundation in 1409.<ref>[http://flora.univ-cezanne.fr/flora/pub_aix/fr/scd/Faculte-Droit-Aix-15e-20e.pdf LA FACULTE DE DROIT D’AIX-EN-PROVENCE: UNE HISTOIRE, UN PATRIMOINE]</ref> The school had far-reaching influence, since written law, which in France originated in Aix-en-Provence, spread from there, eventually replacing the [[common law]] practiced throughout the rest of Northern [[Gaul]].<ref>Ferne Arfin, “Adventure Guide to Provence & the Côte d'Azur”, Hunter Publishing Inc, 2009, p. 149</ref> The law school has a long tradition of self-management, with a strongly institutionalized culture and practices enrooted in the social and economic realities of the region.<ref>Francesco Longo, Daniela Cristofoli, “Strategic Change Management in the Public Sector”, [[John Wiley & Sons]], 2007, p. 83</ref> Today, it is one of the largest law schools in France, and is considered to be one of the nation's leading centres for legal research and teaching. The school is unique among [[List of faculties of law in France|French law schools]] for the breadth of courses offered and the extent of research undertaken in a wide range of fields. For 2016/17, the law school is ranked 2nd nationally for its undergraduate studies by ''[[Eduniversal]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meilleures-licences.com/licence-droit.html|title=Classement SMBG des Meilleurs Licences, Bachelors et Grandes Écoles - Spécialité Droit|author=Navin Caleechurn|publisher=|accessdate=29 November 2016}}</ref> Other than [[Panthéon-Assas University]], the school "has attracted the most prestigious law faculty in France", according to the [[University of Connecticut]]'s website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.uconn.edu/exchange-programs/study-abroad/international-exchange-programs/european-and-civil-law-aix-en-provenc |title=University of Connecticut – European and Civil Law in Aix-en-Provence, France |publisher=Law.uconn.edu |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> The teaching faculty comprises 155 professors and 172 adjunct lecturers, the latter drawn from private practice, the civil service, the judiciary and other organizations. Much of the legal research at the university is done under the auspices of its many research institutes – there is one in almost every field of law. Research activity is buttressed by a network of libraries, which holds an impressive collection of monographs and periodicals, including an important collection of 16th-century manuscripts. Moreover, the libraries have several specialized rooms dedicated to specific fields of law, in particular in [[International Law|International]] and [[European Law]] and [[Legal Theory]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.llmphd.uottawa.ca/en/prospective-students/llm/about-l-universite-paul-cezanne-aix-marseille-iii.html |title=University of Ottawa – About l'Université Paul-Cézanne (Aix-Marseille III) |publisher=Llmphd.uottawa.ca |accessdate=2 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319070035/http://www.llmphd.uottawa.ca/en/prospective-students/llm/about-l-universite-paul-cezanne-aix-marseille-iii.html |archivedate=19 March 2012 |df= }}</ref> |
||
The school has produced a large number of luminaries in law and politics including the 2nd [[President of France]], [[Adolphe Thiers]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.web-books.com/Classics/ON/B1/B1536/28MB1536.html |title=Louis Adolphe Thiers |publisher=Web-books.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> former [[List of Presidents of the French National Assembly|President of the National Assembly of France]], [[Félix Gouin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=3496|title=Félix, Jean Gouin - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=www.assemblee-nationale.fr}}</ref> former [[French Minister of Justice|Minister of Justice of France]], [[Adolphe Crémieux]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_04705.html|title=Isaac Adolphe Crémieux|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> and former [[Prime Minister of France]], [[Édouard Balladur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economie.gouv.fr/caef/edouard-balladur|title=Edouard BALLADUR - Le portail des ministères économiques et financiers|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laprovence.com/article/aix-en-provence/quand-la-fac-accueillait-balladur-et-trintignant |title=Quand la fac accueillait Balladur et Trintignant |publisher=Laprovence.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> The school has also educated two [[Nobel laureates]]: [[René Cassin]], winner of the 1968 [[Nobel Peace Prize]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1968/cassin-bio.html |title=René Cassin – Biography |publisher=Nobelprize.org |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> and [[Frédéric Mistral]], winner of the 1904 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/385842/Frederic-Mistral |title=Frédéric Mistral |publisher=Britannica.com |date=25 March 1914 |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> Alumni also include the 3rd [[President of Lebanon]], [[Émile Eddé]],<ref>Kais M. Firro, “Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State under the Mandate”, [[I.B. Tauris]] & Co Ltd, 2003, p. 108</ref><ref>Raghid El-Solh, “Lebanon and Arabism: National Identity and State Formation”, The Centre for Lebanese Studies, Oxford, 2004, p. 14</ref> former [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria]], [[Vasil Kolarov]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://berberian11.tripod.com/bochev_capitalism.htm|title=CAPITALISM IN BULGARIA|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> former [[List of heads of government of Angola|Prime Minister of Angola]], [[Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://angola-luanda-pitigrili.com/who%E2%80%99s-who/f/fernando-jose-de-franca-dias-van-dunem|title=Fernando José de França Dias Van Dúnem|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> and former [[Prime Minister of Cambodia]], [[Prince Norodom Ranariddh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norodomranariddh.org/biography.html|title=Norodom Ranariddh – Biography|publisher=}}</ref> In addition, from 1858 to 1861, complying with his father's wishes, a prominent French artist and [[Post-Impressionist]] painter [[Paul Cézanne]] attended the school, while also receiving drawing lessons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Paul-Cezanne-9542036 |title=Paul Cézanne |publisher=Biography |date=22 October 1906 |accessdate=2 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903063847/http://www.biography.com |
The school has produced a large number of luminaries in law and politics including the 2nd [[President of France]], [[Adolphe Thiers]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.web-books.com/Classics/ON/B1/B1536/28MB1536.html |title=Louis Adolphe Thiers |publisher=Web-books.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> former [[List of Presidents of the French National Assembly|President of the National Assembly of France]], [[Félix Gouin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=3496|title=Félix, Jean Gouin - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=www.assemblee-nationale.fr}}</ref> former [[French Minister of Justice|Minister of Justice of France]], [[Adolphe Crémieux]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_04705.html|title=Isaac Adolphe Crémieux|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> and former [[Prime Minister of France]], [[Édouard Balladur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economie.gouv.fr/caef/edouard-balladur|title=Edouard BALLADUR - Le portail des ministères économiques et financiers|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laprovence.com/article/aix-en-provence/quand-la-fac-accueillait-balladur-et-trintignant |title=Quand la fac accueillait Balladur et Trintignant |publisher=Laprovence.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> The school has also educated two [[Nobel laureates]]: [[René Cassin]], winner of the 1968 [[Nobel Peace Prize]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1968/cassin-bio.html |title=René Cassin – Biography |publisher=Nobelprize.org |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> and [[Frédéric Mistral]], winner of the 1904 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/385842/Frederic-Mistral |title=Frédéric Mistral |publisher=Britannica.com |date=25 March 1914 |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> Alumni also include the 3rd [[President of Lebanon]], [[Émile Eddé]],<ref>Kais M. Firro, “Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State under the Mandate”, [[I.B. Tauris]] & Co Ltd, 2003, p. 108</ref><ref>Raghid El-Solh, “Lebanon and Arabism: National Identity and State Formation”, The Centre for Lebanese Studies, Oxford, 2004, p. 14</ref> former [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria]], [[Vasil Kolarov]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://berberian11.tripod.com/bochev_capitalism.htm|title=CAPITALISM IN BULGARIA|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> former [[List of heads of government of Angola|Prime Minister of Angola]], [[Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://angola-luanda-pitigrili.com/who%E2%80%99s-who/f/fernando-jose-de-franca-dias-van-dunem|title=Fernando José de França Dias Van Dúnem|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> and former [[Prime Minister of Cambodia]], [[Prince Norodom Ranariddh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norodomranariddh.org/biography.html |title=Norodom Ranariddh – Biography |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620124857/http://www.norodomranariddh.org/biography.html |archivedate=20 June 2012 }}</ref> In addition, from 1858 to 1861, complying with his father's wishes, a prominent French artist and [[Post-Impressionist]] painter [[Paul Cézanne]] attended the school, while also receiving drawing lessons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Paul-Cezanne-9542036 |title=Paul Cézanne |publisher=Biography |date=22 October 1906 |accessdate=2 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903063847/http://www.biography.com/articles/Paul-Cezanne-9542036 |archivedate=3 September 2011 |df= }}</ref><ref>John Powell, “Biographical Dictionary of Literary Influences: The Nineteenth Century, 1800-1914”, [[Greenwood Publishing Group]], Inc., 2001, p. 81</ref> |
||
===Business and Management Studies=== |
===Business and Management Studies=== |
||
The Aix-Marseille Graduate School of Management, commonly known as [[IAE Aix-en-Provence]], was the first Graduate School of Management in the French public university system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/institution/iae-aix-en-provence-graduate-school-management |title=QS Top Universities – IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management |publisher=Topuniversities.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bi.no/en/Resources/Students/Exchange/The-International-Relations-Office/Partner-institutions/Europe/IAE-Aix-en-Provence-Graduate-School-of-Management/ |title=BI Norwegian Business School – IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management |publisher=Bi.no |date=21 December 2010 |accessdate=2 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427190350/http://www.bi.no |
The Aix-Marseille Graduate School of Management, commonly known as [[IAE Aix-en-Provence]], was the first Graduate School of Management in the French public university system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/institution/iae-aix-en-provence-graduate-school-management |title=QS Top Universities – IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management |publisher=Topuniversities.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bi.no/en/Resources/Students/Exchange/The-International-Relations-Office/Partner-institutions/Europe/IAE-Aix-en-Provence-Graduate-School-of-Management/ |title=BI Norwegian Business School – IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management |publisher=Bi.no |date=21 December 2010 |accessdate=2 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427190350/http://www.bi.no/en/Resources/Students/Exchange/The-International-Relations-Office/Partner-institutions/Europe/IAE-Aix-en-Provence-Graduate-School-of-Management/ |archivedate=27 April 2011 |df= }}</ref> IAE Aix is “a prestigious, double-accredited institution, with an international approach to business combining both classic and innovative teaching methods”, according to [[The Independent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/student/postgraduate/business-schools/iae-aixenprovence-graduate-school-of-management-universit-paul-cezanne-aixmarseille-iii-1206311.html|title=IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management, Université Paul Cezanne Aix-Marseille III|work=The Independent|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> It is the only French public university entity to receive dual international accreditation: the European standard of excellence [[EQUIS]] in 1999, and the [[Association of MBAs|AMBA]] accreditation in 2004 for its [[MBA]] Change & Innovation, in 2005 for its Master’s programmes and in 2007 for its Executive Part-time MBA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tilburguniversity.edu/students/study/abroad/exchange/destinations/economics-management/show-destination-tuijn/item-study-abroad-exchange-economics-management-france-cezanne/ |title=Université Paul Cézanne; Marseille – Tilburg University |publisher= }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The school is composed of 40 permanent faculty members, and invites more than 30 international professors and 150 business speakers each year to conduct lectures and courses within the various programmes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iae-aix.com/en/iae/about-iae-aix/ |title=About IAE Aix |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023031305/http://www.iae-aix.com/en/iae/about-iae-aix/ |archivedate=23 October 2012 }}</ref> IAE Aix offers graduate level programmes in [[general management]], international management, [[internal audit]] of organisations, [[service management]], internal and external [[communications management]], management and [[information technologies]], [[International Financial Management|international financial management]] and applied marketing. In 2011, the [[M.Sc.]] in General Management was ranked 2nd in France along with the M.Sc. in Services Management and Marketing being ranked 3rd and the M.Sc. in Audit and Corporate Governance also being ranked 3rd in the country by ''[[Eduniversal|SMBG]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meilleurs-masters.com/presse/Classement_2011.pdf|title=Classement SMBG 2011 des Meilleurs Masters, MS, MBA et formations spécialisées Bac+5/Bac+6|publisher=}}</ref> |
||
In 1990, IAE Aix and [[ESSEC Business School]] ''(École supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales)'' signed an agreement to unite and offer a joint Doctorate Programme, allowing ESSEC professors to teach in the Research Oriented Master programme in Aix-en-Provence. Furthermore, after Research Oriented Master graduation, students can attend the ESSEC Doctorate seminars and have an ESSEC Research Advisor ''(Directeur de Recherche)''. In the same way, ESSEC students can enroll in the IAE Aix's Research Oriented Master and Doctorate programmes. In both cases, the members of the thesis juries come from both IAE Aix and ESSEC. The Doctorate title is awarded by Aix-Marseille University.<ref>[http://www.essec.edu/brochure/ESSEC-PHD.pdf PhD in Business Administration – ESSEC Business School]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viadeo.com/mba/detailsmba/?mbaId=002zneer0d0ixnq |title=Doctoral Programme – IAE AIX |publisher=.viadeo.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mbapursuit.com/iae-aix-graduate-school-of-management |title=IAE AIX Graduate School of Management |publisher=Mbapursuit.com |date=15 November 2011 |accessdate=2 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219121513/http://www.mbapursuit.com/iae-aix-graduate-school-of-management |archivedate=19 December 2011 |df= }}</ref> |
In 1990, IAE Aix and [[ESSEC Business School]] ''(École supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales)'' signed an agreement to unite and offer a joint Doctorate Programme, allowing ESSEC professors to teach in the Research Oriented Master programme in Aix-en-Provence. Furthermore, after Research Oriented Master graduation, students can attend the ESSEC Doctorate seminars and have an ESSEC Research Advisor ''(Directeur de Recherche)''. In the same way, ESSEC students can enroll in the IAE Aix's Research Oriented Master and Doctorate programmes. In both cases, the members of the thesis juries come from both IAE Aix and ESSEC. The Doctorate title is awarded by Aix-Marseille University.<ref>[http://www.essec.edu/brochure/ESSEC-PHD.pdf PhD in Business Administration – ESSEC Business School]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viadeo.com/mba/detailsmba/?mbaId=002zneer0d0ixnq |title=Doctoral Programme – IAE AIX |publisher=.viadeo.com |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mbapursuit.com/iae-aix-graduate-school-of-management |title=IAE AIX Graduate School of Management |publisher=Mbapursuit.com |date=15 November 2011 |accessdate=2 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219121513/http://www.mbapursuit.com/iae-aix-graduate-school-of-management |archivedate=19 December 2011 |df= }}</ref> |
||
===Economics=== |
===Economics=== |
||
Aix-Marseille School of Economics (AMSE) is a gathering of three big laboratories in economics, part of AMU: GREQAM ''(Groupement de Recherche en Economie Quantitative d’Aix Marseille)'', SESSTIM ''(Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale)'', and IDEP ''(Institut D’Economie Publique)''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/amse-project|title=AMSE Project - Birth of Aix-Marseille School of Economics|publisher=}}</ref> GREQAM is a research center which specializes in all areas of economics, with strong concentrations in macroeconomics, econometrics, game theory, economic philosophy and public economics. It counts two Fellows of the [[Econometric Society]] among its members, and is consistently ranked as one of the top five research centers in economics in France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/greqam_en|title=Groupement de Recherche en Economie Quantitative d’Aix Marseille (GREQAM) - AMSE|publisher=}}</ref> SESSTIM consists of three teams in social and economic sciences, as well as social epidemiology, focusing on applications in the following fields: cancer, infectious and transmissible diseases, and aging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/sesstim|title=Sesstim|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> IDEP aims at federating competences in the field of Public Economics broadly defined as the part of economics that studies the causes and the consequences of public intervention in the economic sphere.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/idep|title=Idep|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
Aix-Marseille School of Economics (AMSE) is a gathering of three big laboratories in economics, part of AMU: GREQAM ''(Groupement de Recherche en Economie Quantitative d’Aix Marseille)'', SESSTIM ''(Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale)'', and IDEP ''(Institut D’Economie Publique)''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/amse-project |title=AMSE Project - Birth of Aix-Marseille School of Economics |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134001/http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/amse-project |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}</ref> GREQAM is a research center which specializes in all areas of economics, with strong concentrations in macroeconomics, econometrics, game theory, economic philosophy and public economics. It counts two Fellows of the [[Econometric Society]] among its members, and is consistently ranked as one of the top five research centers in economics in France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/greqam_en |title=Groupement de Recherche en Economie Quantitative d’Aix Marseille (GREQAM) - AMSE |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101123921/http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/greqam_en |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}</ref> SESSTIM consists of three teams in social and economic sciences, as well as social epidemiology, focusing on applications in the following fields: cancer, infectious and transmissible diseases, and aging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/sesstim|title=Sesstim|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> IDEP aims at federating competences in the field of Public Economics broadly defined as the part of economics that studies the causes and the consequences of public intervention in the economic sphere.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/presentation/idep|title=Idep|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
||
AMSE has a triple aim in terms of research development about “Globalization and public action”, education regarding Master and PhD degrees and valorization toward local authorities, administrations and corporations, and of information aiming at all public. The AMSE Master is a two-year Master programme in Economics jointly organized with ''[[Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales]]'' and ''[[Ecole Centrale de Marseille]]''. It aims to provide high-level courses and training in the main fields of specialization of AMSE: Development Economics, Econometrics, Public Economics, Environmental Economics, Finance/Insurance, Macroeconomics, Economic Philosophy, and Health Economics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/teaching/master/introduction|title=Master – Introduction (AMSE)|publisher=}}</ref> The doctoral programme of AMSE brings together more than seventy PhD students. Ten to fifteen new PhD students join the programme each year. These PhD students cover all the research topics available at AMSE. The PhD programme is a member of the European Doctoral Group in Economics (EDGE) with [[University of Cambridge]], [[University of Copenhagen]], [[University College Dublin]], [[Bocconi University]], and [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/teaching/phd|title=PhD (AMSE)|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-page.net/what.htm|title=Welcome to EDGE - European Doctoral Group in Economics|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
AMSE has a triple aim in terms of research development about “Globalization and public action”, education regarding Master and PhD degrees and valorization toward local authorities, administrations and corporations, and of information aiming at all public. The AMSE Master is a two-year Master programme in Economics jointly organized with ''[[Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales]]'' and ''[[Ecole Centrale de Marseille]]''. It aims to provide high-level courses and training in the main fields of specialization of AMSE: Development Economics, Econometrics, Public Economics, Environmental Economics, Finance/Insurance, Macroeconomics, Economic Philosophy, and Health Economics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/teaching/master/introduction |title=Master – Introduction (AMSE) |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101135217/http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/teaching/master/introduction |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}</ref> The doctoral programme of AMSE brings together more than seventy PhD students. Ten to fifteen new PhD students join the programme each year. These PhD students cover all the research topics available at AMSE. The PhD programme is a member of the European Doctoral Group in Economics (EDGE) with [[University of Cambridge]], [[University of Copenhagen]], [[University College Dublin]], [[Bocconi University]], and [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/teaching/phd |title=PhD (AMSE) |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101140218/http://www.amse-aixmarseille.fr/en/teaching/phd |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edge-page.net/what.htm|title=Welcome to EDGE - European Doctoral Group in Economics|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
||
===Medicine=== |
===Medicine=== |
||
Line 114: | Line 114: | ||
===Engineering=== |
===Engineering=== |
||
Polytech Marseille is a ''[[Grande Ecole]] d’Ingénieurs'' (Graduate School of Science and Engineering), part of AMU. The School offers 8 specialist courses in [[New Technologies]] which lead to an engineering degree after 5 years of studies. Polytech Marseille is also a member of the [[Polytech Group (France)|Polytech Group]] which comprises 13 engineering schools of French leading universities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polytech-reseau.org/index.php?id=119&L=1|title=Polytech Group|publisher=}}</ref> Polytech Marseille's advanced level courses have a strong professional focus. They include compulsory work placements in a professional organisation. These programs also benefit from a top rank scientific environment, with teaching staff drawn from laboratories attached to major French research organisations that are among the leaders in their field. Students are recruited on the basis of a selective admissions process which goes via one of two nationwide competitive admissions examinations (''[[Competitive examination|concours]]''): either after the ''[[baccalauréat]]'' (national secondary school graduation examination) for admission to a five-year course or after two years of higher education for admission to a three-year course. The courses are approved by the ''[[Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur]]'' (CTI), the French authority that authorizes recognised engineering schools to deliver the ''[[Diplôme d'Ingénieur]]'' (a state-recognised title, recognised equivalent to a “Master in Engineering” by [[AACRAO]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polytech-reseau.org/fileadmin/redaction/communique_presse/Ing%C3%A9nieurs_et_scientifiques_de_France.pdf|title=Accord historique pour les ingénieurs français aux Etats-Unisc|publisher=}}</ref> and thus guarantees the quality of the courses. The courses are also accredited by [[EUR-ACE label|EUR-ACE]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polytech-marseille.fr/relations-internationales/polytech-school-of-engineering|title=Ecole d'ingénieurs universitaire - Polytech marseille - Aix-Marseille université|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
Polytech Marseille is a ''[[Grande Ecole]] d’Ingénieurs'' (Graduate School of Science and Engineering), part of AMU. The School offers 8 specialist courses in [[New Technologies]] which lead to an engineering degree after 5 years of studies. Polytech Marseille is also a member of the [[Polytech Group (France)|Polytech Group]] which comprises 13 engineering schools of French leading universities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polytech-reseau.org/index.php?id=119&L=1 |title=Polytech Group |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424160546/http://www.polytech-reseau.org/index.php?id=119&L=1 |archivedate=24 April 2014 }}</ref> Polytech Marseille's advanced level courses have a strong professional focus. They include compulsory work placements in a professional organisation. These programs also benefit from a top rank scientific environment, with teaching staff drawn from laboratories attached to major French research organisations that are among the leaders in their field. Students are recruited on the basis of a selective admissions process which goes via one of two nationwide competitive admissions examinations (''[[Competitive examination|concours]]''): either after the ''[[baccalauréat]]'' (national secondary school graduation examination) for admission to a five-year course or after two years of higher education for admission to a three-year course. The courses are approved by the ''[[Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur]]'' (CTI), the French authority that authorizes recognised engineering schools to deliver the ''[[Diplôme d'Ingénieur]]'' (a state-recognised title, recognised equivalent to a “Master in Engineering” by [[AACRAO]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polytech-reseau.org/fileadmin/redaction/communique_presse/Ing%C3%A9nieurs_et_scientifiques_de_France.pdf |title=Accord historique pour les ingénieurs français aux Etats-Unisc |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424160648/http://www.polytech-reseau.org/fileadmin/redaction/communique_presse/Ing%C3%A9nieurs_et_scientifiques_de_France.pdf |archivedate=24 April 2014 }}</ref> and thus guarantees the quality of the courses. The courses are also accredited by [[EUR-ACE label|EUR-ACE]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polytech-marseille.fr/relations-internationales/polytech-school-of-engineering|title=Ecole d'ingénieurs universitaire - Polytech marseille - Aix-Marseille université|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
||
===Rankings and reputation=== |
===Rankings and reputation=== |
||
Line 203: | Line 203: | ||
* [[Nikolaos Politis]] – [[List of foreign ministers of Greece|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece]]: 1916–1920<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/467808/Nikolaos-Sokrates-Politis|title=Nikolaos Sokrates Politis|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
* [[Nikolaos Politis]] – [[List of foreign ministers of Greece|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece]]: 1916–1920<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/467808/Nikolaos-Sokrates-Politis|title=Nikolaos Sokrates Politis|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
||
* [[Kenneth F. Simpson]] – a [[one-term congressmen|one-term]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] |
* [[Kenneth F. Simpson]] – a [[one-term congressmen|one-term]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] |
||
* [[Michel van den Abeele]] – former [[Director-General]] of the [[European Commission]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.magnette.belgium.be/nl/minister-magnette-benoemt-michel-vanden-abeele-tot-regeringscommissaris-bij-belgacom|title=Michel van den Abeele – Biography|publisher=}}</ref> |
* [[Michel van den Abeele]] – former [[Director-General]] of the [[European Commission]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.magnette.belgium.be/nl/minister-magnette-benoemt-michel-vanden-abeele-tot-regeringscommissaris-bij-belgacom |title=Michel van den Abeele – Biography |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714142949/http://archive.magnette.belgium.be/nl/minister-magnette-benoemt-michel-vanden-abeele-tot-regeringscommissaris-bij-belgacom |archivedate=14 July 2014 }}</ref> |
||
====French politicians==== |
====French politicians==== |
||
Line 247: | Line 247: | ||
* [[Sami A. Aldeeb]] – Head of the Arab and Islamic Law Department at the [[Swiss Institute of Comparative Law]], and Director of the Center of Arab and Islamic Law<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sami-aldeeb.com/sections/view.php?id=16&action=cv|title=Curriculum|author=sami|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
* [[Sami A. Aldeeb]] – Head of the Arab and Islamic Law Department at the [[Swiss Institute of Comparative Law]], and Director of the Center of Arab and Islamic Law<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sami-aldeeb.com/sections/view.php?id=16&action=cv|title=Curriculum|author=sami|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
||
* [[Harry Blackmun]] – [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]]: 1970–1994<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/justices/blackmun.bio.html|title=LII: US Supreme Court: Justice Blackmun|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5774&context=lalrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.ge%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3DHarry%252BBlackmun%252Baix-en-provence%252Buniversity%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D1%26ved%3D0CCUQFjAA%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fdigitalcommons.law.lsu.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D5774%2526context%253Dlalrev%26ei%3DEa3JUemtNaGl4ATiooHYDw%26usg%3DAFQjCNHnQR1eXsHiL5KasMjkRfEgk20MoQ%26bvm%3Dbv.48293060%2Cd.bGE#search=%22Harry%2BBlackmun%2Baix-en-provence%2Buniversity%22|title=Mr. Justice Blackmun: Reflections from the Cours Mirabeau - Louisiana Law Review|publisher=}}</ref> |
* [[Harry Blackmun]] – [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]]: 1970–1994<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/justices/blackmun.bio.html|title=LII: US Supreme Court: Justice Blackmun|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5774&context=lalrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.ge%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3DHarry%252BBlackmun%252Baix-en-provence%252Buniversity%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D1%26ved%3D0CCUQFjAA%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fdigitalcommons.law.lsu.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D5774%2526context%253Dlalrev%26ei%3DEa3JUemtNaGl4ATiooHYDw%26usg%3DAFQjCNHnQR1eXsHiL5KasMjkRfEgk20MoQ%26bvm%3Dbv.48293060%2Cd.bGE#search=%22Harry%2BBlackmun%2Baix-en-provence%2Buniversity%22|title=Mr. Justice Blackmun: Reflections from the Cours Mirabeau - Louisiana Law Review|publisher=}}</ref> |
||
* [[Jay Bybee]] – [[federal judge]] on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]]: 2003–present<ref>[http://lhr.law.unlv.edu/sites/default/files/faculty/resumes/Bybee_CV_0.pdf Curriculum Vitae - JAY S. BYBEE]</ref> |
* [[Jay Bybee]] – [[federal judge]] on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]]: 2003–present<ref>[http://lhr.law.unlv.edu/sites/default/files/faculty/resumes/Bybee_CV_0.pdf Curriculum Vitae - JAY S. BYBEE]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
||
* [[Mirjan Damaška]] – [[Sterling Professor]] emeritus at [[Yale Law School]] |
* [[Mirjan Damaška]] – [[Sterling Professor]] emeritus at [[Yale Law School]] |
||
* [[René David]] – former Chair of Comparative Law at the [[University of Paris]] |
* [[René David]] – former Chair of Comparative Law at the [[University of Paris]] |
||
Line 263: | Line 263: | ||
* [[Raymond Ranjeva]] – Member of the [[International Court of Justice]] (ICJ): 1991–2009; [[Judges of the International Court of Justice|Vice-President of the International Court of Justice]] (ICJ): 2003–2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=2&p3=1&judge=2|title=Current Members - International Court of Justice|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
* [[Raymond Ranjeva]] – Member of the [[International Court of Justice]] (ICJ): 1991–2009; [[Judges of the International Court of Justice|Vice-President of the International Court of Justice]] (ICJ): 2003–2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=2&p3=1&judge=2|title=Current Members - International Court of Justice|publisher=|accessdate=21 June 2015}}</ref> |
||
* [[Hjalte Rasmussen]] – former professor of [[EU Law]] at the [[University of Copenhagen]] |
* [[Hjalte Rasmussen]] – former professor of [[EU Law]] at the [[University of Copenhagen]] |
||
* [[Michel Rosenfeld]] – Justice Sydney L. Robins Professor of Human Rights, [[Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law]], [[Yeshiva University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://129.199.13.35/laureats/cv.2007002.fr.pdf|title=Michel Rosenfeld – Curriculum Vitae|publisher=}}</ref> |
* [[Michel Rosenfeld]] – Justice Sydney L. Robins Professor of Human Rights, [[Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law]], [[Yeshiva University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://129.199.13.35/laureats/cv.2007002.fr.pdf |title=Michel Rosenfeld – Curriculum Vitae |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312091507/http://129.199.13.35/laureats/cv.2007002.fr.pdf |archivedate=12 March 2013 }}</ref> |
||
* [[Francisco Rubio Llorente]] – Judge of the [[Constitutional Court of Spain]]: 1980–1992; Vice President of the Constitutional Court of Spain: 1989–1992; President of the [[Spanish Council of State]]: 2004–2012 |
* [[Francisco Rubio Llorente]] – Judge of the [[Constitutional Court of Spain]]: 1980–1992; Vice President of the Constitutional Court of Spain: 1989–1992; President of the [[Spanish Council of State]]: 2004–2012 |
||
* [[Eli Salzberger]] – Law Professor at the [[University of Haifa]] Faculty of Law |
* [[Eli Salzberger]] – Law Professor at the [[University of Haifa]] Faculty of Law |
||
* [[Antonin Scalia]] – [[Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court]]: 1986–2016<ref>Ralph A. Rossum, “Federalism, the Supreme Court, and the Seventeenth Amendment: The Irony of Constitutional Democracy”, [[Lexington Books]], 2001, p. ix</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncsu.edu/news/press_releases/03_03/62.htm|title=NC State Lecture to Address Presidential War Power and Constitution|publisher=}}</ref> |
* [[Antonin Scalia]] – [[Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court]]: 1986–2016<ref>Ralph A. Rossum, “Federalism, the Supreme Court, and the Seventeenth Amendment: The Irony of Constitutional Democracy”, [[Lexington Books]], 2001, p. ix</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncsu.edu/news/press_releases/03_03/62.htm |title=NC State Lecture to Address Presidential War Power and Constitution |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014003841/http://www.ncsu.edu/news/press_releases/03_03/62.htm |archivedate=14 October 2006 }}</ref> |
||
* [[Bernhard Schlink]] – German jurist and writer |
* [[Bernhard Schlink]] – German jurist and writer |
||
* [[Ronald Sokol]] – American lawyer and writer |
* [[Ronald Sokol]] – American lawyer and writer |
||
Line 326: | Line 326: | ||
* [[Philip Augustine]] – Indian [[gastroenterologist]], specialist in [[gastrointestinal]] [[endoscopy]] |
* [[Philip Augustine]] – Indian [[gastroenterologist]], specialist in [[gastrointestinal]] [[endoscopy]] |
||
* [[Henri Bacry]] – visiting scholar at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] and a researcher at [[CERN]] |
* [[Henri Bacry]] – visiting scholar at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] and a researcher at [[CERN]] |
||
* [[Patrick Baert]] – Belgian sociologist and social theorist, reader in Social Theory at the [[University of Cambridge]] and Fellow of [[Selwyn College, Cambridge]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sociology.cam.ac.uk/contacts/staff/profiles/pbaert.html|title=Patrick Baert – Biography|publisher=}}</ref> |
* [[Patrick Baert]] – Belgian sociologist and social theorist, reader in Social Theory at the [[University of Cambridge]] and Fellow of [[Selwyn College, Cambridge]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sociology.cam.ac.uk/contacts/staff/profiles/pbaert.html |title=Patrick Baert – Biography |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921090233/http://www.sociology.cam.ac.uk/contacts/staff/profiles/pbaert.html |archivedate=21 September 2013 }}</ref> |
||
* [[René Baillaud]] – French [[astronomer]] |
* [[René Baillaud]] – French [[astronomer]] |
||
* [[Ugo Bardi]] – Professor in [[Physical Chemistry]] at the [[University of Florence]] |
* [[Ugo Bardi]] – Professor in [[Physical Chemistry]] at the [[University of Florence]] |
||
Line 374: | Line 374: | ||
* [[Alex Grossmann]] – Croatian-French physicist |
* [[Alex Grossmann]] – Croatian-French physicist |
||
* [[Rudolf Haag]] – German physicist |
* [[Rudolf Haag]] – German physicist |
||
* [[Bernard Harcourt]] – the chair of the Political Science Department, professor of political science and the Julius Kreeger Professor of Law at the [[University of Chicago]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/harcourt|title=Bernard E. Harcourt – Biography|publisher=}}</ref> |
* [[Bernard Harcourt]] – the chair of the Political Science Department, professor of political science and the Julius Kreeger Professor of Law at the [[University of Chicago]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/harcourt |title=Bernard E. Harcourt – Biography |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211215833/http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/harcourt |archivedate=11 February 2013 }}</ref> |
||
* [[Édouard Marie Heckel]] – French botanist and medical doctor, former director of the [[Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel]], and founder of the [[Institut Colonial de Marseille|Colonial Institute and Museum of Marseille]] |
* [[Édouard Marie Heckel]] – French botanist and medical doctor, former director of the [[Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel]], and founder of the [[Institut Colonial de Marseille|Colonial Institute and Museum of Marseille]] |
||
* [[Isao Imai (physicist)|Isao Imai]] – Japanese [[theoretical physicist]] |
* [[Isao Imai (physicist)|Isao Imai]] – Japanese [[theoretical physicist]] |
||
Line 388: | Line 388: | ||
* [[Leigh Lisker]] – American linguist and phonetician |
* [[Leigh Lisker]] – American linguist and phonetician |
||
* [[Carlo Lottieri]] – Political Philosophy professor |
* [[Carlo Lottieri]] – Political Philosophy professor |
||
* [[John Loughlin (professor)|John Loughlin]] – Director of the [[Von Hügel Institute]], and a senior fellow and affiliated lecturer in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the [[University of Cambridge]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vonhugel.org.uk/people/prof-john-loughlin|title=Prof John Loughlin – Biography|publisher=}}</ref> |
* [[John Loughlin (professor)|John Loughlin]] – Director of the [[Von Hügel Institute]], and a senior fellow and affiliated lecturer in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the [[University of Cambridge]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vonhugel.org.uk/people/prof-john-loughlin |title=Prof John Loughlin – Biography |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003001001/http://www.vonhugel.org.uk/people/prof-john-loughlin |archivedate=3 October 2013 }}</ref> |
||
* [[Henry de Lumley]] – French archeologist, geologist and prehistorian |
* [[Henry de Lumley]] – French archeologist, geologist and prehistorian |
||
* [[John L. Lumley]] – professor emeritus, Graduate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering at [[Cornell University]] |
* [[John L. Lumley]] – professor emeritus, Graduate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering at [[Cornell University]] |
||
Line 422: | Line 422: | ||
* [[Jean Varenne]] – French [[Indologist]] |
* [[Jean Varenne]] – French [[Indologist]] |
||
* [[Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière]] – French scientist |
* [[Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière]] – French scientist |
||
* [[John Waterbury]] – American academic, professor of politics and international affairs at [[Princeton University]]'s [[Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wws.princeton.edu/people/display_person.xml?netid=waterbry&all=yes|title=John Waterbury - Princeton University|publisher=}}</ref> |
* [[John Waterbury]] – American academic, professor of politics and international affairs at [[Princeton University]]'s [[Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wws.princeton.edu/people/display_person.xml?netid=waterbry&all=yes |title=John Waterbury - Princeton University |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722085620/http://wws.princeton.edu/people/display_person.xml?netid=waterbry&all=yes |archivedate=22 July 2013 }}</ref> |
||
* [[Margaret Weitz]] – professor emeritus at [[Suffolk University]] |
* [[Margaret Weitz]] – professor emeritus at [[Suffolk University]] |
||
* [[Dan Werthimer]] – co-founder and chief scientist of the [[SETI@home]] project |
* [[Dan Werthimer]] – co-founder and chief scientist of the [[SETI@home]] project |
Revision as of 22:06, 28 June 2017
Aix-Marseille Université | |
![]() | |
Type | Public |
---|---|
Established | 1409 (University of Provence)[1] 1896 (University of Aix-Marseille) 1970 (University of Provence Aix-Marseille I) 1970 (University of the Mediterranean Aix-Marseille II) 1973 (Paul Cézanne University Aix-Marseille III) 2012 (Aix-Marseille University) |
Endowment | €750 million[2] |
President | Yvon Berland[3] |
Academic staff | 4,273 |
Students | 74,000[4] |
2,448 | |
Location | , 43°17′36.68″N 5°21′28.5″E / 43.2935222°N 5.357917°E |
Affiliations | Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED), Association of MBAs (AMBA), European University Association (EUA), European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) |
Website | www.univ-amu.fr |
Aix-Marseille University (AMU; French: Aix-Marseille Université; formally incorporated as Université d'Aix-Marseille)[5] is a public research university located in Provence, southern France. It was founded in 1409 when Louis II of Anjou, Count of Provence, petitioned the Pisan Antipope Alexander V to create the University of Provence.[6] The university as it is today was formed by the merger of the University of Provence, the University of the Mediterranean and Paul Cézanne University.[7][8][9] The merger became effective on 1 January 2012, resulting in the creation of the largest university in the French-speaking world, with about 70,000 students.[10][11] AMU has the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the Francophone world, standing at €750 million.[12]
The university is organized around five main campuses situated in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille.[13] Apart from its major campuses, AMU owns and operates facilities in Arles, Aubagne, Avignon, Digne-les-Bains, Gap, La Ciotat, Lambesc and Salon-de-Provence. The university is headquartered at the Pharo, Marseille.[14]
AMU has produced many notable alumni in the fields of law, politics, business, economics and literature. To date, there have been four Nobel Prize laureates amongst its alumni and faculty,[15][16][17][18] as well as a two-time recipient of the Pulitzer Prize,[19] four César Award winners,[20][21][22][23] several heads of state or government, parliamentary speakers, government ministers, ambassadors and members of the constituent academies of the Institut de France.
AMU has hundreds of research and teaching partnerships, including close collaboration with the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA).[24] AMU is a member of numerous academic organisations including the European University Association (EUA)[25] and the Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED).[26]
History
Early history (1409–1800)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Luigi_II_d%27Angi%C3%B2.jpg/160px-Luigi_II_d%27Angi%C3%B2.jpg)
The institution developed out of the original University of Provence, founded on 9 December 1409 as a Studium generale by Louis II of Anjou, Count of Provence, and recognized by Papal Bull issued by the Pisan Antipope Alexander V.[27][28][29] However, there is evidence that teaching in Aix existed in some form from the beginning of the 12th century, since there were a doctor of theology in 1100, a doctor of law in 1200 and a professor of law in 1320 on the books.[30] The decision to establish the university was, in part, a response to the already-thriving University of Paris.[31] As a result, in order to be sure of the viability of the new institution, Louis II compelled his Provençal students to study in Aix only.[32] Thus, the letters patent for the university were granted, and the government of the university was created. The Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence Thomas de Puppio was appointed as the first chancellor of the university for the rest of his life. After his death in 1420, a new chancellor was elected by the rector, masters, and licentiates – an uncommon arrangement not repeated at any other French university. The rector had to be an “ordinary student”, who had unrestricted civil and criminal jurisdiction in all cases where one party was a doctor or scholar of the university. Those displeased with the rector’s decisions could appeal to a doctor legens. Eleven consiliarii provided assistance to the rector, being elected yearly by their predecessors. These individuals represented all faculties, but were elected from among the students. The constitution was of a student-university, and the instructors did not have great authority except in granting degrees.[33] Mention should be made that a resident doctor or student who married was required to pay charivari to the university, the amount varying with the degree or status of the man, and being increased if the bride was a widow. Refusal to submit to this statutable extortion was punished by the assemblage of students at the summons of the rector with frying-pans, bassoons, and horns at the house of the newly married couple. Continued recusancy was followed by the piling up of dirt in front of their door upon every Feast-day. These injunctions were justified on the ground that the money extorted was devoted to divine service.[34]
In 1486 Provence passed to the French crown.[35][36] The university's continued existence was approved by Louis XII of France, and Aix-en-Provence continued to be a significant provincial centre. It was, for instance, the seat of the Parliament of Aix-en-Provence from 1501 to 1789,[37][38] no doubt aided by the presence of the law school.[33]
In 1603 Henry IV of France established the Collège Royal de Bourbon in Aix-en-Provence for the study of belles-lettres and philosophy,[39][40] supplementing the traditional faculties of the university, but not formally a part of it. This college de plain exercice became a significant seat of learning, under the control of the Jesuit order. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, the college frequently served as a preparatory, but unaffiliated, school for the university. Only the university was entitled to award degrees in the theology, law, and medicine; but candidates for degrees had first to pass an examination in philosophy, which was only provided by the college. Universities basically accepted candidates who had studied in colleges formally affiliated with them, which in reality required both college and university to be situated in the same city. In 1762 the Jesuits were forced to leave France,[41] and in 1763 the Collège Royal de Bourbon was officially affiliated with the university as a faculty of arts.[33][42]
The addition of the Collège Royal de Bourbon essentially widened the scope of courses provided at the University of Provence. Formal instruction in French was initially provided at the college, with texts and a structured course of study. Subsequently, physics became a part of the curriculum at the college as a part of the philosophy course in the 18th century. Equipment for carrying out experiments was obtained and the first course in experimental physics was provided at Aix-en-Provence in 1741. Classical mechanics, nevertheless, was merely taught after 1755, when the physicist Paulian offered his first class and Isaac Newton’s Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica and commentaries were obtained for the library.[33]
The French Revolution, with its focus on the individual and an end to inherited privilege, saw the suppression of the universities. To the revolutionaries, universities embodied bastions of corporatism and established interests. Moreover, lands owned by the universities and utilized for their support, represented a source of wealth to be tapped by the revolutionary government, just as property possessed by the Church had been confiscated. In 1792, the University of Provence, along with twenty-one other universities, was dissolved.[43] Specialized ecoles, with rigorous entrance examinations and open to anyone with talent, were eventually created in order to offer professional training in specialized areas. Nonetheless, the government found it necessary to allow the faculties of law and medicine to continue in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille in the early 19th century.[33][44]
Modern era (1800–1968)
During the 19th century, additional faculties were created in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille to serve the changing needs of French society. For instance, Hippolyte Fortoul, later Minister of National Education and Public Worship of France, was the first dean and professor of a new faculty in French literature established in Aix-en-Provence in the 1840s.[45][46] In 1896, the departmental council of the Bouches-du-Rhône founded a chair in the faculty of letters at Aix-en-Provence in the language and literature of Mediterranean Europe; their aim was to assist the commercial exploitation of the region by French business. A new science faculty was created in Marseille to support the growing industrialization of the region. At about the same time, a special training program was created in the faculty of medicine in order to train doctors in colonial medicine for France’s expanding colonial empire.[33]
The most significant development for the university in the 19th century, nevertheless, was the recreation of French universities in 1896.[47] Facing acute competition from prestigious German universities following the Franco-Prussian War, French legislators were anxious to have their own universities. In 1896 a law was passed creating seventeen autonomous regional universities financed mainly by the state.[48] The various faculties in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille were grouped into the new University of Aix-Marseille.[49]
Through two world wars and a depression, the University of Aix-Marseille continued to develop. Increasing numbers of women and foreign students joined the student body, and an overwhelming majority of students majored in the science, medicine, and law. Individual faculties were almost autonomous from university administration and the Ministry of Education frequently intervened directly among the faculties.[33]
Recent history (1968–present)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marseille_20110625_13.jpg/200px-Marseille_20110625_13.jpg)
Following riots among university students in May 1968,[50] a reform of French education occurred. The Orientation Act (Loi d’Orientation de l’Enseignement Superieur) of 1968 divided the old faculties into smaller subject departments, decreased the power of the Ministry of Education, and created smaller universities, with strengthened administrations.[51] Subsequently, the University of Aix-Marseille was divided into two institutions. Each university had different areas of concentration of study and the faculties were divided as follows:
- University of Aix-Marseille I: law, political science, history, psychology, sociology, ethnology, philosophy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, natural sciences, languages, literature and civilization
- University of Aix-Marseille II: economic science, geography, technology, medicine, pharmacy, dental surgery, topical medicine, physical education and ocean science[52]
In 1973, conservative faculty members led by Charles Debbasch, demanded and obtained the creation of the University of Aix-Marseille III, grouping law, political science, applied economics, earth science, ecology and technological studies.
Nearly 40 years later, in June 2007, the three universities of Aix-Marseille expressed their intention to merge in order to form one university. The merger was gradually prepared, respecting a schedule which allowed for long discussions at each stage, after which it was approved by vote of the Board of Directors of each university. Thus, Aix-Marseille University was established by decree No. 2011-1010 of 24 August 2011 and officially opened its doors on 1 January 2012.[53]
Academic profile
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hotel_Meynier_d%27Oppede_by_JMC.jpg/160px-Hotel_Meynier_d%27Oppede_by_JMC.jpg)
Aix-Marseille University enrolls almost 71,000 students, including more than 10,000 international students from 128 different countries. The university, with its wide range of general and vocational courses including 600 degree courses, offers teaching in fields as varied as the Arts, Social Sciences, Health, Sport and Economics, Law and Political Sciences, Applied Economics and Management, and Exact Sciences such as Mathematics, Data-processing, Physical Sciences, Astrophysical Sciences, Chemistry and Biology.[54] Its 132 recognized research units and 21 faculties make it a centre of international excellence in social and natural sciences.[55] With more than 500 international agreements, the university participates in the creation of European area of education and research and in the development of mobility. A policy in the direction of Asian countries has led to increase its enrollments of excellent international students.[56] Programmes in French and/or English have been organized in order to favour the welcome and the integration of international students, in particular thanks to the presence within the university of the Institute of French Studies for Foreign Students (Institut d'Etudes Françaises Pour Etudiants Etrangers (IEFEE)). The IEFEE was founded in 1953 and is regarded as one of the best French-language teaching centres in the country.[57][58] About a thousand students from 65 countries attend the institute throughout the academic year. The institute is also a notable centre for teachers of French as a foreign language, and its function is to provide training and perfecting of linguistic abilities in French as a scientific and cultural means of communication. Furthermore, the university is "one of the most distinguished in France, second only to the University of Paris in the areas of French literature, history, and linguistics", according to Harvard University's website.[59][60][61]
The university’s library system comprises 59 libraries, with 662,000 volumes, 20,000 online periodical titles, and thousands of digital resources, making it one of the largest and most diverse academic library systems in France. The overall area occupied by the libraries is equal to 37,056 m², including 19,703 m² public access space. The libraries offer 49.2 kilometers of open-stacks shelving and 4,219 seats for student study. In addition, there are 487 computer workstations, which are available to the public for research purposes.[62]
Political Science
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aix-en-Provence_Institut_etudes_politiques_20061227.jpg/160px-Aix-en-Provence_Institut_etudes_politiques_20061227.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Faculte_de_Droit_by_JMC.jpg/200px-Faculte_de_Droit_by_JMC.jpg)
The university's Institute of Political Studies (Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence), also known as Sciences Po Aix, was established in 1956.[63] The institute is housed in the Palais de l'université, a monument historique designed by architect Georges Vallon in 1734.[64] It is one of a network of 10 world-famous IEPs (Instituts d’Etudes Politiques) in France, including those in Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lille, Lyon, Paris, Rennes, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Strasbourg and Toulouse.[65][66] Sciences Po Aix is a Grande école in political science and its primary aim is to train senior executives for the public, semi-public, and private sectors.[67][68] Although the institute offers a multitude of disciplines, its main focus is on politics, including related subjects such as history, law, economics, languages, international relations, and media studies. Its admissions process is among the toughest and most selective in the country. Sciences Po Aix has numerous exchange programs through partnerships with about 120 different universities in the world: the school therefore welcomes 200 foreign students a year. On top of these academic exchanges, students have the opportunity to do internships abroad in large international firms.[69]
Many of the institute's graduates have gone on to high positions within both the French government and in foreign governments. Among the best-known people who studied at Sciences Po Aix are the current Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Christine Lagarde,[70][71] the current High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice President of the European Commission, Federica Mogherini,[72] the 5th President of Sri Lanka, Chandrika Kumaratunga,[73][74] the current Minister of Labour, Employment and Immigration of Luxembourg, Nicolas Schmit,[75] former Minister of Justice of France, Élisabeth Guigou,[76] former Presidents of the National Assembly of France, Philippe Séguin[77] and Patrick Ollier.[78]
Law
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/France_Aix-en-Provence_fac_de_droit.jpg/200px-France_Aix-en-Provence_fac_de_droit.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Paul_cezanne_1861.jpg/160px-Paul_cezanne_1861.jpg)
The law school at AMU dates back to the university's foundation in 1409.[79] The school had far-reaching influence, since written law, which in France originated in Aix-en-Provence, spread from there, eventually replacing the common law practiced throughout the rest of Northern Gaul.[80] The law school has a long tradition of self-management, with a strongly institutionalized culture and practices enrooted in the social and economic realities of the region.[81] Today, it is one of the largest law schools in France, and is considered to be one of the nation's leading centres for legal research and teaching. The school is unique among French law schools for the breadth of courses offered and the extent of research undertaken in a wide range of fields. For 2016/17, the law school is ranked 2nd nationally for its undergraduate studies by Eduniversal.[82] Other than Panthéon-Assas University, the school "has attracted the most prestigious law faculty in France", according to the University of Connecticut's website.[83] The teaching faculty comprises 155 professors and 172 adjunct lecturers, the latter drawn from private practice, the civil service, the judiciary and other organizations. Much of the legal research at the university is done under the auspices of its many research institutes – there is one in almost every field of law. Research activity is buttressed by a network of libraries, which holds an impressive collection of monographs and periodicals, including an important collection of 16th-century manuscripts. Moreover, the libraries have several specialized rooms dedicated to specific fields of law, in particular in International and European Law and Legal Theory.[84]
The school has produced a large number of luminaries in law and politics including the 2nd President of France, Adolphe Thiers,[85] former President of the National Assembly of France, Félix Gouin,[86] former Minister of Justice of France, Adolphe Crémieux,[87] and former Prime Minister of France, Édouard Balladur.[88][89] The school has also educated two Nobel laureates: René Cassin, winner of the 1968 Nobel Peace Prize,[90] and Frédéric Mistral, winner of the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature.[91] Alumni also include the 3rd President of Lebanon, Émile Eddé,[92][93] former Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Vasil Kolarov,[94] former Prime Minister of Angola, Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem,[95] and former Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prince Norodom Ranariddh.[96] In addition, from 1858 to 1861, complying with his father's wishes, a prominent French artist and Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne attended the school, while also receiving drawing lessons.[97][98]
Business and Management Studies
The Aix-Marseille Graduate School of Management, commonly known as IAE Aix-en-Provence, was the first Graduate School of Management in the French public university system.[99][100] IAE Aix is “a prestigious, double-accredited institution, with an international approach to business combining both classic and innovative teaching methods”, according to The Independent.[101] It is the only French public university entity to receive dual international accreditation: the European standard of excellence EQUIS in 1999, and the AMBA accreditation in 2004 for its MBA Change & Innovation, in 2005 for its Master’s programmes and in 2007 for its Executive Part-time MBA.[102] The school is composed of 40 permanent faculty members, and invites more than 30 international professors and 150 business speakers each year to conduct lectures and courses within the various programmes.[103] IAE Aix offers graduate level programmes in general management, international management, internal audit of organisations, service management, internal and external communications management, management and information technologies, international financial management and applied marketing. In 2011, the M.Sc. in General Management was ranked 2nd in France along with the M.Sc. in Services Management and Marketing being ranked 3rd and the M.Sc. in Audit and Corporate Governance also being ranked 3rd in the country by SMBG.[104]
In 1990, IAE Aix and ESSEC Business School (École supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales) signed an agreement to unite and offer a joint Doctorate Programme, allowing ESSEC professors to teach in the Research Oriented Master programme in Aix-en-Provence. Furthermore, after Research Oriented Master graduation, students can attend the ESSEC Doctorate seminars and have an ESSEC Research Advisor (Directeur de Recherche). In the same way, ESSEC students can enroll in the IAE Aix's Research Oriented Master and Doctorate programmes. In both cases, the members of the thesis juries come from both IAE Aix and ESSEC. The Doctorate title is awarded by Aix-Marseille University.[105][106][107]
Economics
Aix-Marseille School of Economics (AMSE) is a gathering of three big laboratories in economics, part of AMU: GREQAM (Groupement de Recherche en Economie Quantitative d’Aix Marseille), SESSTIM (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale), and IDEP (Institut D’Economie Publique).[108] GREQAM is a research center which specializes in all areas of economics, with strong concentrations in macroeconomics, econometrics, game theory, economic philosophy and public economics. It counts two Fellows of the Econometric Society among its members, and is consistently ranked as one of the top five research centers in economics in France.[109] SESSTIM consists of three teams in social and economic sciences, as well as social epidemiology, focusing on applications in the following fields: cancer, infectious and transmissible diseases, and aging.[110] IDEP aims at federating competences in the field of Public Economics broadly defined as the part of economics that studies the causes and the consequences of public intervention in the economic sphere.[111]
AMSE has a triple aim in terms of research development about “Globalization and public action”, education regarding Master and PhD degrees and valorization toward local authorities, administrations and corporations, and of information aiming at all public. The AMSE Master is a two-year Master programme in Economics jointly organized with Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales and Ecole Centrale de Marseille. It aims to provide high-level courses and training in the main fields of specialization of AMSE: Development Economics, Econometrics, Public Economics, Environmental Economics, Finance/Insurance, Macroeconomics, Economic Philosophy, and Health Economics.[112] The doctoral programme of AMSE brings together more than seventy PhD students. Ten to fifteen new PhD students join the programme each year. These PhD students cover all the research topics available at AMSE. The PhD programme is a member of the European Doctoral Group in Economics (EDGE) with University of Cambridge, University of Copenhagen, University College Dublin, Bocconi University, and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.[113][114]
Medicine
The Faculty of Medicine at AMU can trace its origins to a college of medicine established in 1645 and recognized by a decree issued by the Council of State of France in 1683. During the revolution, although a faculty of medicine was created in Montpellier, Marseille was left aside, probably because of its close proximity. In 1818, École Secondaire de Médecine et de Pharmacie opened in Marseille and this later became an École de Plein Exercice in 1841. Consequently, it was not until 1930 that a faculty of medicine was formally organised in Marseille.[115][116] However, the town’s geographical position meant that it was able to exert a strong influence upon the Mediterranean. The most significant example of this was Antoine Clot, known as Clot Bey, who with the help of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, founded a school of medicine in Cairo in 1827. This enabled Egyptian students to travel to France and encouraged exchanges between western and eastern medicine. In Marseille, medical practices adapted to tropical diseases developed under the influence of the military department of medicine. Physiology at the faculty dates back to Charles Livon, who was named professeur suppléant (deputy professor) and then professeur agrégé (associate professor) of anatomy and physiology having presented his thesis in Paris. He conducted research on hypophysis and pneumogastric physiology, which earned him the Monthyon Prize at the French Academy of Sciences. Following his work with Louis Pasteur, he opened an anti-rabies clinic and became Mayor of Marseille in 1895. The first dean of the faculty was Leon Imbert, who arrived in Marseille in 1904 as a former interne des hôpitaux and professeur agrégé at the Montpellier faculty. Originally a surgeon, he established one of the first centers for maxillofacial prosthetics for the gueules cassées (broken faces) of the Great War. An anti-cancer center was developed by Lucien Cornill, who was originally from Vichy and studied in Paris. During the First World War, he worked at the neurological center in the 7th Military region of Besancon under the supervision of Gustave Roussy. After the war, he became a professeur agrégé of pathological anatomy. He became dean of the faculty in 1937 and held this position until 1952. His main work related to clinical neurology and medullary pathology.[117]
The Faculty of Pharmacy started its independent activity after being separated from the faculty in 1970. Subsequently, the Faculty of Odontology also became independent from the Faculty of Medicine. Thus, these three faculties form the Division of Health of the university.[118]
Earth Sciences and Astronomy
The university's Astronomy Observatory of Marseille-Provence (OAMP) is one of the French National observatories under the auspices of the National Institute of Astronomy (INSU) of the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), with a large financial participation by the National Centre for Space Studies (CNES). Basic research at the OAMP is organized around three priority themes: cosmology and research on dark matter and dark energy, galaxy formation and evolution, stellar and planetary system formation and exploration of the solar system. The OAMP also contributes to the area of environmental sciences and especially the study of the climatic system. The OAMP is very active in technological research and development, mainly in optics and opto-mechanics, for the development of the main observational instruments that will be deployed on the ground and in space in the coming decades. For many years OAMP research teams have had close ties with the French and European space and optical industry. The OAMP takes part in university education in astrophysics, physics and mathematics, as well as in instrumentation and signal processing from the first year of university to the doctorate level. These programs lead to openings in the fields of research and high-tech industry. The OAMP organizes many astronomy outreach activities in order to share important discoveries with the public. The OAMP consists of two establishments: the Laboratory of Astrophysics of Marseille (LAM) and the Observatory of Haute-Provence (OHP), along with the Département Gassendi, which is a common administrative and technical support unit. With over 50 researchers, 160 engineers, technical and administrative personnel, plus some 20 graduate students and post-docs, the OAMP is one of the most important research institutes in the region.[119][120]
Engineering
Polytech Marseille is a Grande Ecole d’Ingénieurs (Graduate School of Science and Engineering), part of AMU. The School offers 8 specialist courses in New Technologies which lead to an engineering degree after 5 years of studies. Polytech Marseille is also a member of the Polytech Group which comprises 13 engineering schools of French leading universities.[121] Polytech Marseille's advanced level courses have a strong professional focus. They include compulsory work placements in a professional organisation. These programs also benefit from a top rank scientific environment, with teaching staff drawn from laboratories attached to major French research organisations that are among the leaders in their field. Students are recruited on the basis of a selective admissions process which goes via one of two nationwide competitive admissions examinations (concours): either after the baccalauréat (national secondary school graduation examination) for admission to a five-year course or after two years of higher education for admission to a three-year course. The courses are approved by the Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur (CTI), the French authority that authorizes recognised engineering schools to deliver the Diplôme d'Ingénieur (a state-recognised title, recognised equivalent to a “Master in Engineering” by AACRAO)[122] and thus guarantees the quality of the courses. The courses are also accredited by EUR-ACE.[123]
Rankings and reputation
Template:Infobox world university ranking In the 2015 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), AMU is ranked joint 101st–150th in the world.[124] In the subject tables it is ranked joint 76th–100th in the world for Natural Sciences and Mathematics,[125] joint 151st–200th in the world for Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences,[126] joint 101st–150th in the world for Life and Agricultural Sciences,[127] joint 151st–200th in the world for Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy,[128] 25th in the world for Mathematics,[129] and joint 101st–150th in the world for Physics.[130]
In the 2015/16 QS World University Rankings, AMU is ranked joint 361st in the world.[131] In the subject tables it is ranked joint 151st–200th in the world for Accounting and Finance,[132] joint 101st–150th in the world for Earth and Marine Sciences,[133] joint 101st–150th in the world for Environmental Studies,[134] joint 101st–150th in the world for History and Archaeology,[135] joint 151st–200th in the world for Law and Legal Studies,[136] joint 151st–200th in the world for Medicine,[137] and joint 151st–200th in the world for Psychology.[138]
In the 2015/16 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, AMU is ranked joint 251st–300th in the world.[139]
In the 2016 U.S. News & World Report's Best Global Universities Rankings, AMU is ranked joint 175th in the world.[140] In the subject tables it is ranked joint 74th in the world for Biology and Biochemistry,[141] joint 166th in the world for Chemistry,[142] joint 149th in the world for Clinical Medicine,[143] joint 90th in the world for Geosciences,[144] joint 50th in the world for Immunology,[145] joint 35th in the world for Microbiology,[146] 98th in the world for Neuroscience and Behavior,[147] joint 95th in the world for Physics,[148] 82nd in the world for Plant and Animal Science,[149] joint 134th in the world for Psychiatry/Psychology,[150] and 34th in the world for Space Science.[151]
In the 2016 CWTS Leiden Ranking, AMU is ranked 137th in the world.[152]
In the 2015/16 University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP), AMU is ranked 77th in the world.[153]
In the 2016 Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), AMU is ranked 151st in the world.[154]
Organization
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/H%C3%B4tel_Boyer_de_Fonscolombe_.jpg/160px-H%C3%B4tel_Boyer_de_Fonscolombe_.jpg)
Aix-Marseille University is organized into five sectors:
- Law and Political Science
- Faculty of Law and Political Science
- Institute of Public Management and Territorial Governance
- Economics and Management
- Faculty of Economics and Management
- Journalism and Communication School of Marseille
- Aix-Marseille Graduate School of Management
- Regional Institute of Labour
- Arts, Literature, Languages and Human Sciences
- Faculty of Arts, Literature, Languages and Human Sciences
- Training Centre for Musicians
- The Mediterranean House of Human Sciences (Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme)
- Health
- Faculty of Medicine
- Faculty of Odontology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Midwives' University School Marseille Méditerranée
- Sciences and Technology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Faculty of Sports
- Observatory of Universe Sciences – Pytheas Institute
- Polytech Marseille
In addition, three University Institutes of Technology and University Institute for Teachers Training are part of the university.[155]
Governance
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Marseille_20120922_04.jpg/225px-Marseille_20120922_04.jpg)
Aix-Marseille University is governed by three councils: two of them (the council of studies and student life for the teaching side and the scientific council for research matters) have an advisory role, the third one (the administrative council) is the decision body under the direction of the president of the university. The president is elected for a five-year period by the assembly of the three councils. The members of the councils are representatives of the students, the administrative staff, the faculty, or external personalities. The university statutes define the division into different schools or institutes. Each one of those, headed by a dean or a director, has its administrative council that decides on policy issues.
If the president of the university is the most important actor in defining the mission and the strategies of the university, he also has the necessary power to impulse or to sustain the projects that relate to these strategies. Before implementing these projects, they have to be accepted by the university council and if necessary they have to be included in the planning processes.
There are two main planning processes in the definition of projects in the university that have to be followed in order to be financed or even authorised and accredited by the public (national and local) authorities.
The first process takes place every six years and involves the central government, the region as well as the university. It is devoted to major investment projects, for instance building a new school, a new campus, a new library, etc. It is a catalogue of projects and for each of them it defines the financial burden accepted by each partner in the contract.
The second process covers four years and has to be approved by the French Ministry of Education. In this process, the university sets its objectives at the pedagogical and research levels (new degrees, research projects).
This planning process is very important because the university is free to define its own strategy, to be approved by the decision makers. Each process generates an important brainstorming period at all levels of the university in order to identify and build new ideas, new needs, and opportunities, to prioritise them, after an analysis of strengths and weaknesses. Other choices can be made after each process is closed, but they are more difficult to implement because other sources of funding and other ways of authorisation must be found.[156]
Alumni
AMU has produced many alumni that have distinguished themselves in their respective fields. Notable AMU alumni include three Nobel Prize laureates, a two-time recipient of the Pulitzer Prize, four César Award winners and numerous members of the component academies of the Institut de France. AMU has a large number of alumni who have been active in politics, including several heads of state or government, parliamentary speakers, government ministers, at least fifty members of the National Assembly of France, twelve members of the Senate of France and five members of the European Parliament.
Notable faculty and staff
Nobel laureates
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sheldon_Glashow_at_Harvard.jpg/140px-Sheldon_Glashow_at_Harvard.jpg)
- Sheldon Lee Glashow – winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics
Politics and government
Foreign politicians
- Chedly Ayari – Minister of Planning of Tunisia: 1969–1970/1974–1975; Minister of Youth and Sports of Tunisia: Jun–Nov 1970; Minister of Education of Tunisia: 1970–1971; Minister of Economy of Tunisia: 1972–1974
- Renato Balduzzi – Minister of Health of Italy: 2011–2013[157]
- Boudewijn Bouckaert – Belgian politician, Member of the Flemish Parliament
- Sadok Chaabane – Minister of Justice of Tunisia: 1992–1997; Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia: 1999–2004
- Tullio De Mauro – Minister of Education of Italy: 2000–2001[158]
- Francis Delpérée – Member of Belgian Senate: 2007–2011
- Nikolaos Politis – Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece: 1916–1920[159]
- Kenneth F. Simpson – a one-term Republican member of the United States House of Representatives
- Michel van den Abeele – former Director-General of the European Commission[160]
French politicians
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hippolyte_Fortoul_01.jpg/140px-Hippolyte_Fortoul_01.jpg)
- Joseph Barthélemy – Minister of Justice of France: 1941–1943[161]
- Hippolyte Fortoul – Minister of the Navy and Colonies of France: Oct–Dec 1851; Minister of National Education of France/Minister of Public Worship of France: 1851–1856[162]
- Hubert Haenel – French politician, member of the Constitutional Council of France
- Jean-François Mattei – Minister of Health of France: 2002–2004[163]
- Didier Maus – Councillor of State of France: 2001–2011
- Jean-Paul Proust – Minister of State of Monaco: 2005–2010; Prefect of Police of Paris: 2001–2004
- Joseph Jérôme, comte Siméon – President of the National Assembly of France: Aug–Sep 1797; Minister of National Education of France: Feb–Oct 1820; Minister of the Interior of France: 1820–1821; President of the Court of Financial Auditors of France: 1837–1839[164]
- Jean-Jacques Weiss – Councillor of State of France: 1873–1879
Members of the National Assembly of France
- René Brunet – Deputy: 1928–1942
- Joseph Comiti – Deputy: 1968–1981
- Paul de Fougères de Villandry – Deputy: 1837–1839
- Jean-Pierre Giran – Deputy: 1997–2002/2002–2007/2007–2012/2012–present
- François-Michel Lambert – Deputy: 2012–present
- Rémy Montagne – Deputy: 1958–1968/1973–1980
- Ambroise Mottet – Deputy: 1835–1842/1844–1848
- Paul Patriarche – Deputy: 1997–2002
- Camille Perreau – Deputy: 1898–1902
- Philippe Sanmarco – Deputy: 1981–1993
- Henri-Emmanuel Poulle – Deputy: 1831–1834/1834–1837/1837–1839/1839–1842/1842–1846/1846–1848
- Dominique Taddéi – Deputy: 1978–1981/1981–1986
- Maurice Toga – Deputy: 1986–1988
Members of the Senate of France
- Alain Delcamp – Secretary-General: 2007–2013
- Claude Domeizel – Senator: 1998–present
- Hélène Masson-Maret – Senator: 2013–present
Diplomatic service
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Od_jeane-kirkpatrick-official-portrait_1-255x301.jpg/140px-Od_jeane-kirkpatrick-official-portrait_1-255x301.jpg)
- Princess Bajrakitiyabha – Ambassador of the Kingdom of Thailand to the Republic of Austria, the first grandchild of King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit of Thailand, and the only child of Crown Prince Maha Vajralongkorn with Princess Soamsavali[165]
- Gilles-Henry Garault – French Ambassador to the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal: 2007–2010
- Jeane Kirkpatrick – United States Ambassador to the United Nations: 1981–1985[166]
Lawyers, judges, and legal academics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Justice_Blackmun_Official.jpg/140px-Justice_Blackmun_Official.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Justice_Antonin_Scalia_Speaks_with_Staff_at_the_U.S._Mission_in_Geneva_%282%29.jpg/140px-Justice_Antonin_Scalia_Speaks_with_Staff_at_the_U.S._Mission_in_Geneva_%282%29.jpg)
- Sami A. Aldeeb – Head of the Arab and Islamic Law Department at the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law, and Director of the Center of Arab and Islamic Law[167]
- Harry Blackmun – Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States: 1970–1994[168][169]
- Jay Bybee – federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: 2003–present[170]
- Mirjan Damaška – Sterling Professor emeritus at Yale Law School
- René David – former Chair of Comparative Law at the University of Paris
- Louis Favoreu – French academic and jurist
- Barry E. Friedman – American academic with an expertise in federal courts, working at the intersections of law, politics and history
- Giorgio Gaja – judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): 2011–present[171]
- Alon Harel – the Phillip P. Mizock & Estelle Mizock Chair in Administrative and Criminal Law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr. – Trustee Professor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, the Thomas E. Miller Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of California's Hastings College of the Law, and Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law at Yale Law School[172]
- Ayşe Işıl Karakaş – Turkish academic, judge of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)[173]
- Peter Lindseth – the Olimpiad S. Ioffe Professor of International and Comparative Law and the Director of International Programs at the University of Connecticut School of Law[174]
- Ejan Mackaay – Professor of Law at the Université de Montréal
- John F. Murphy – American lawyer and a professor at Villanova University
- John L. Murray – Chief Justice of Ireland: 2004–2011; Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland: 1999–present; Judge of the European Court of Justice (ECJ): 1992–1999; Attorney General of Ireland: 1982/1987–1991[175]
- Francesco Parisi – the Oppenheimer Wolff & Donnelly Professor of Law at the University of Minnesota Law School
- Raymond Ranjeva – Member of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): 1991–2009; Vice-President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): 2003–2006[176]
- Hjalte Rasmussen – former professor of EU Law at the University of Copenhagen
- Michel Rosenfeld – Justice Sydney L. Robins Professor of Human Rights, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University[177]
- Francisco Rubio Llorente – Judge of the Constitutional Court of Spain: 1980–1992; Vice President of the Constitutional Court of Spain: 1989–1992; President of the Spanish Council of State: 2004–2012
- Eli Salzberger – Law Professor at the University of Haifa Faculty of Law
- Antonin Scalia – Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court: 1986–2016[178][179]
- Bernhard Schlink – German jurist and writer
- Ronald Sokol – American lawyer and writer
- Alec Stone Sweet – Leitner Professor of Law, Politics and International Studies at Yale Law School[180]
- Symeon C. Symeonides – Dean of the Willamette University College of Law[181]
- Michael Tigar – American criminal defense attorney
Arts, literature, humanities, and entertainment
Historians
- François Victor Alphonse Aulard – professor of the history of the French Revolution at Sorbonne University
- Gabriel Camps – French historian
- Georges Duby – French historian, member of the French Academy
- Georges Foucart – French historian and Egyptologist
- Douglas Johnson – British historian, an advisor to the former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on all matters concerning France
- Nora Lafi – French historian
- Paolo Malanima – Italian economic historian
- George E. Mowry – American historian focusing primarily on the Progressive Era, professor at UCLA and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Jean-Rémy Palanque – professor of ancient history, member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
- Serge Ricard – professor of American Civilization at the University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle
- Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen – French historian, President of the Peace Through Law Association
- Rafał Taubenschlag – Polish historian of law, a specialist in Roman law and papyrology
- Paul Veyne – French historian and archaeologist
- Catherine Virlouvet – French historian, a professor of economic and social history of ancient Rome
- Arundhati Virmani – Indian historian
- Jules Sylvain Zeller – French historian, lecturer at Sorbonne University, member of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques[40]
Journalism
- Mazarine Pingeot – French journalist, writer and professor, the daughter of former President of France, François Mitterrand[182]
- Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol – French journalist and essayist, member of the French Academy
Literature
- Yves Bonnefoy – French poet and essayist
- Paule Constant – French novelist
- Louis O. Coxe – American poet, playwright, essayist, and professor
- Frieda Ekotto – Francophone African novelist and literary critic, professor of Afro-American and African Studies and Comparative Literature at the University of Michigan
- Henri Fluchère – chairman of the Société Française Shakespeare and a literary critic
- Raymond Jean – French writer
- François Ricard – Canadian writer, professor of French literature at McGill University
- Émile Ripert – French academic, poet, novelist and playwright
- Urbano Tavares Rodrigues – Portuguese professor of literature, a literary critic and a fiction writer
- Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna – Brazilian poet, essayist, and professor
- Roselyne Sibille – French poet
- William E. Wilson – American writer
Music
- André Bon – French composer
- André Boucourechliev – French composer
- Barry Conyngham – Australian composer and academic
- Jean-Claude Risset – French composer
Scientists and academics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/David_E._Bloom_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_Summit_on_the_Global_Agenda_2008.jpg/140px-David_E._Bloom_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_Summit_on_the_Global_Agenda_2008.jpg)
- Jean-Claude Abric – professor in social psychology[183]
- Giulio Angioni – Italian writer and anthropologist, professor at the University of Cagliari, fellow of St Antony's College of the University of Oxford
- Nicolas Maurice Arthus – French immunologist and physiologist
- Anthony Barnes Atkinson – Fellow of the British Academy, a senior research fellow of Nuffield College of the University of Oxford and Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics (LSE)[184]
- Sydney Hervé Aufrère – French Egyptologist, archaeologist, and director of research at CNRS
- Philip Augustine – Indian gastroenterologist, specialist in gastrointestinal endoscopy
- Henri Bacry – visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study and a researcher at CERN
- Patrick Baert – Belgian sociologist and social theorist, reader in Social Theory at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge[185]
- René Baillaud – French astronomer
- Ugo Bardi – Professor in Physical Chemistry at the University of Florence
- Eugène Benoist – French classical philologist, member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
- Reinhold Bertlmann – Austrian physicist, professor of physics at the University of Vienna
- Eugenio Bianchi – Italian theoretical physicist
- Danielle Bleitrach – French sociologist
- Maurice Blondel – French philosopher
- David E. Bloom – the Chair of Harvard University's Department of Global Health and Population, professor of Economics and Demography at the Harvard School of Public Health, and Director of the Program on the Global Demography of Aging[184]
- Jean Bosler – French astronomer
- Svetlana Broz – Bosnian–Serbian author and physician, the granddaughter of the 1st President of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito
- Henri Buisson – French physicist
- François Burgat – French political scientist and arabist, senior research fellow at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, and the Head of the French Institute of the Near East
- Jean Cabannes – French physicist
- Christian Cambillau – French scientist at the CNRS in Structural Biology
- Forrest Capie – professor emeritus of Economic History at the Cass Business School, City University London
- Carlo Carraro – President of the University of Venice, Director of the Sustainable Development Programme of the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, and Director of the Climate Impacts and Policy Division of the Euro-Mediterranean Center for Climate Change (CMCC)
- Maurice Caullery – French biologist, lecturer at Sorbonne University
- Jean Chacornac – French astronomer
- Jérôme Eugène Coggia – French astronomer
- Alain Colmerauer – French computer scientist and the creator of the logic programming language Prolog
- Henri Coquand – French geologist and paleontologist
- Pablo Cottenot – French astronomer
- Brian Lee Crowley – Managing Director of the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, and the founding President of the Atlantic Institute for Market Studies (AIMS)
- Boris Cyrulnik – French doctor, ethologist, neurologist and psychiatrist
- Jacques Daviel – French ophthalmologist, oculist to Louis XV of France, Fellow of the Royal Society, and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- Christie Davies – British sociologist, professor emeritus of sociology at the University of Reading[186]
- Rajeev Dehejia – professor of public policy in the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University
- Charles Depéret – French geologist and paleontologist, member of the French Academy of Sciences and the Société géologique de France
- August Alphonse Derbès – French naturalist, zoologist and botanist
- Jean Dufay – French astronomer, member of the French Academy of Sciences
- Jean-Yves Empereur – French archeologist and egyptologist
- Roger Establet – French scholar of the sociology of education
- Honoré Fabri – French Jesuit theologian, mathematician, physicist and controversialist
- Charles Fabry – Professor of General Physics at Sorbonne University and the École Polytechnique, co-discoverer of the ozone layer[187]
- Charles Fehrenbach – French astronomer, member of the French Academy of Sciences, and Director of the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP)
- John F. Forester – American planning theorist with a particular emphasis on participatory planning, former Chair of the Department of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University[188]
- Jean-Félix Adolphe Gambart – French astronomer
- Jean-Yves Girard – French logician
- Louis Godart – the chair of philology at the University of Naples Federico II
- Lucien Golvin – French university professor who specialized in the study of art from the peoples of the Maghreb
- Gérard Granel – French philosopher and translator
- Gilles-Gaston Granger – French analytic philosopher
- Pierre Gros – contemporary scholar of ancient Roman architecture and the Latin language
- Maurice Gross – French linguist and scholar of Romance languages
- Gene Grossman – the Jacob Viner Professor of International Economics at Princeton University[189]
- Alex Grossmann – Croatian-French physicist
- Rudolf Haag – German physicist
- Bernard Harcourt – the chair of the Political Science Department, professor of political science and the Julius Kreeger Professor of Law at the University of Chicago[190]
- Édouard Marie Heckel – French botanist and medical doctor, former director of the Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel, and founder of the Colonial Institute and Museum of Marseille
- Isao Imai – Japanese theoretical physicist
- Charles Joret – French literary historian, philologist and botanical author
- Henri Lucien Jumelle – French botanist
- Daniel Kastler – French theoretical physicist
- Joseph J. Katz – American chemist at Argonne National Laboratory, member of the US National Academy of Science
- Antoine Émile Henry Labeyrie – French astronomer
- Deepak Lal – the James S. Coleman Professor of International Development Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
- Antonio Lanzavecchia – Italian immunologist
- Lucien Laubier – French oceanographer
- Jean-Louis Le Moigne – French specialist on systems theory and constructivist epistemology
- Leigh Lisker – American linguist and phonetician
- Carlo Lottieri – Political Philosophy professor
- John Loughlin – Director of the Von Hügel Institute, and a senior fellow and affiliated lecturer in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Cambridge[191]
- Henry de Lumley – French archeologist, geologist and prehistorian
- John L. Lumley – professor emeritus, Graduate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University
- Roger Malina – physicist, astronomer, Executive Editor of Leonardo Publications at the MIT Press
- Antoine Fortuné Marion – French naturalist
- Audier Marius – the founder of the Institute of Social Gerontology (Institut de Gérontologie Sociale)
- Octave Merlier – expert on the Modern Greek language
- Antoine Mérindol – French physician, doctor to Louis XIII of France
- Georges Mounin – French linguist, translator and semiotician
- Gunasekaran Paramasamy – Vice-Chancellor of Thiruvalluvar University
- Jules Payot – French educationist
- Jean-Pierre Petit – French scientist, senior researcher at National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) as an astrophysicist in Marseille Observatory
- Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt – Polish–Lithuanian Jesuit astronomer and mathematician, former Rector of Vilnius University
- Jean-Louis Pons – French astronomer
- Didier Raoult – French biology researcher
- Charles Rostaing – French linguist specialising in toponymy
- Carlo Rovelli – Italian physicist
- Évry Schatzman – French astrophysicist
- Mark Seidenberg – Hilldale and Donald O. Hebb Professor of Psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a senior scientist at Haskins Laboratories
- Samah Selim – Egyptian scholar and translator of Arabic literature
- Bernard Sellato – former Director of the Institute for Research on Southeast Asia
- Étienne Souriau – French philosopher, member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
- Paul Souriau – French philosopher
- William H. Starbuck – organizational scientist who held professorships in social relations (Johns Hopkins University), sociology (Cornell University), business administration (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), and management (New York University)[192]
- Édouard Stephan – French astronomer
- Nikola Stoyanov – Bulgarian scientist, economist and financier
- Eero Tarasti – Finnish musicologist and semiologist
- Wilhelm Tempel – German astronomer
- Jose L. Torero – professor in fire safety engineering at the University of Edinburgh
- Nicolas Tournadre – professor specializing in morphosyntax and typology, member of the LACITO lab of the CNRS
- Benjamin Valz – French astronomer
- Philippe Van Parijs – Belgian philosopher and political economist
- Jean Varenne – French Indologist
- Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière – French scientist
- John Waterbury – American academic, professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs[193]
- Margaret Weitz – professor emeritus at Suffolk University
- Dan Werthimer – co-founder and chief scientist of the SETI@home project
- Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński – Polish philosopher
- Francisco José Ynduráin – Spanish theoretical physicist
- Andrey Zaliznyak – Russian linguist
- Christoph Zürcher – professor of Political Science at the Free University of Berlin
Business and economics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Richard_K_Lyons.jpg/140px-Richard_K_Lyons.jpg)
- Georges Anderla – French economist
- Bruce Caldwell – Research Professor of Economics at Duke University, and Director of the Center for the History of Political Economy
- Jean-Pierre Danthine – Swiss-Belgian economist, Vice President of the Swiss National Bank
- Lars Feld – Director of the Walter Eucken Institut, professor for Economic Policy at the University of Freiburg, and member of the German Council of Economic Experts
- Garance Genicot – Belgian-American economist, associate professor of economics at Georgetown University
- Rick Gilmore – President/CEO of GIC Trade, Inc. (the GIC Group), Special External Advisor to the White House/USAID for the Private Sector/Global Food Security and Managing Director of the Global Food Safety Forum (GFSF) in Beijing[194]
- Victor Ginsburgh – Belgian economist
- Sanjeev Goyal – Indian economist, professor of economics at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge
- Richard Lyons – the 14th Dean of the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley[195]
- Angus Maddison – British economist, former emeritus professor at the Faculty of Economics at the University of Groningen
- Gérard Mestrallet – the Chairman and CEO of GDF Suez, and the Chairman of Suez Environnement
- Henry Mintzberg, OC OQ FRSC – academic and author on business and management, the Cleghorn Professor of Management Studies at the Desautels Faculty of Management of McGill University
- Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay – Indian economist
- Nikolay Nenovsky – Bulgarian economist
- Pierre Pestieau – Belgian economist
- George Selgin – the Director of the Cato Institute's Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives, professor emeritus of economics at the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia, and an associate editor of Econ Journal Watch
- Mark P. Taylor – the Dean of Warwick Business School (WBS) at the University of Warwick and an academic in the fields of International Finance and Economics[196]
- Paul Tiffany – Senior Lecturer at the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley
- Lawrence H. White – American economics professor at George Mason University
- Myrna Wooders – Canadian economist, professor of economics at Vanderbilt University and the University of Warwick
Mathematics
- Sergio Albeverio – Swiss mathematician working in the field of differential equations and mathematical physics
- Peter Balazs – Austrian mathematician working at the Acoustics Research Institute Vienna of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
- Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat – French mathematician and physicist, who was the first woman to be elected to the French Academy of Sciences
- Joachim Cuntz – German mathematician, fellow of the American Mathematical Society
- Roland Fraïssé – French mathematical logician
- John H. Hubbard – American mathematician, professor at Cornell University
- Henri Padé – French mathematician, known for his development of approximation techniques for functions using rational functions
- Étienne Pardoux – French mathematician working in the field of Stochastic analysis, in particular Stochastic partial differential equations
- Olivier Ramaré – French mathematician
- Nicolas Sarrabat – French mathematician and scientist, the son of the painter Daniel Sarrabat
- Jean-Marie Souriau – French mathematician, known for works in symplectic geometry
- Masamichi Takesaki – Japanese mathematician, professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and fellow of the American Mathematical Society
- David Trotman – British mathematician, leading expert in an area of singularity theory known as the theory of stratifications
- André Weil – French mathematician, known for his foundational work in number theory and algebraic geometry
Miscellaneous
- Robert Chaudenson – French linguist, a specialist in creole languages
- Alain Colmerauer – French computer scientist
- Jean-François Delmas – French librarian, chief curator of the Bibliothèque Inguimbertine and the Musées de Carpentras
- Michel Duc-Goninaz – member of the World Esperanto Youth Organization (TEJO), and co-editor of La Folieto
- Roger Duchêne – French biographer specializing in the letters of Madame de Sévigné
- Leonard Liggio – classical liberal author, research professor of law at George Mason University, and executive vice president of the Atlas Economic Research Foundation in Fairfax, Virginia
- Tuncer Őren – Turkish/Canadian systems engineer, professor emeritus of Computer Science at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the University of Ottawa
- Rascas de Bagarris – founder of the science of historical numismatics and one of the most notable antiquaries of his time
- Willy Ronis – French photographer
See also
References
- ^ Norman Davies, “Europe: A History”, Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 1248
- ^ "University - www AMU". www.univ-amu.fr.
- ^ "Aix-Marseille University in facts and figures" (PDF).
- ^ "Presentation of Aix-Marseille University" (PDF).
- ^ Décret n° 2011-1010 du 24 août 2011 portant création de l'université d'Aix-Marseille (in French), retrieved 1 July 2016
- ^ C. D. O'Malley, “The History of Medical Education: UCLA Forum in Medical Sciences”, University of California Press, 1970, p. 125
- ^ "Aix-Marseille Université — moveonnet". www.moveonnet.eu.
{{cite web}}
: line feed character in|title=
at position 25 (help) - ^ "University of Provence". Archived from the original on 13 March 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "ACA Secretariat: Details". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Founding partners - Impulse". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Marseille, a new Mediterranean hotspot for innovation?". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "L'ensemble des bons points du ministre pour Aix-Marseille Université – La Provence".
- ^ "Réunion interministérielle sur Marseille: cinq propositions pour les étudiants". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Aix-Marseilles Université - WHED - IAU's World Higher Education Database". whed.net.
- ^ "Frederic Mistral - biography - French poet". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "René Cassin - Facts". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008 - Bio-bibliography". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Sheldon Glashow - Biographical". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Jim Hoagland". Hoover Institution. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Canal+. "- Films CANALPLUS.FR". Canalplus.fr. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Treading the red carpet with Ariane Ascaride". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Jean-Louis Trintignant". IMDb. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Canal+. "Philippe Faucon". Canalplus.fr.
- ^ "Partners". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "EUA". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED)
- ^ "Universities of Aix-Marseille I, II, and III". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "9 décembre 1409: il était une fois l'université à Aix". Laprovence.com. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ 1409–2009 "Une Université, une ville, une histoire"
- ^ "Some high points in medical history of Provence. - Ackerknecht - Canadian Bulletin of Medical History / Bulletin canadien d'histoire de la médecine". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Darwin Porter, “Frommer's Provence & the Riviera”, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2010, p. 20
- ^ Walter Rüegg, Hilde de Ridder-Symoens, “A History of the University in Europe”, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 105
- ^ a b c d e f g Carol Summerfield, Mary Elizabeth Devine, “International Dictionary of University Histories”, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1998, p. 418
- ^ Hastings Rashdall, “The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages”, Volume 2 – Part 2, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 648
- ^ "Aix-en-Provence". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ M. Malte-Brun, “A system of universal geography, or a description of all the parts of the world, on a new plan, according to the great natural divisions of the globe”, Boston, 1834, Vol. III, p. 1022
- ^ "The Encyclopedia Americana", Volume 1, Grolier Incorporated, 2001, p. 432
- ^ Martin Garrett, “Provence: A Cultural History”, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 103
- ^ William Darrach Halsey, Emanuel Friedman, “Collier's Encyclopedia”, Macmillan Educational Co., 1983, p. 412
- ^ a b Pascal AVALLE. "Une Ville, une Université une histoire". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ All Of Us. ".: The Jesuit Singapore Website :". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Walter Rüegg, Hilde De Ridder-Symoens, “A History of the University in Europe”, Volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 87
- ^ Thomas Neville Bonner, “Becoming a Physician: Medical Education in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, 1750-1945”, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, p. 94
- ^ "Studium: Tijdschrift voor Wetenschaps- en Universiteits-geschiedenis - Revue d'Histoire des Sciences et des Universités". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Michael Glencross, “Reconstructing Camelot: French Romantic Medievalism and the Arthurian Tradition”, St Edmundsbury Press Ltd, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, 1995, p. 85
- ^ Joseph N. Moody, “French Education since Napoleon”, Syracuse University Press, 1978, p. 59
- ^ Fritz Ringer, “Toward a Social History of Knowledge: Collected Essays”, Berghahn Books, 2000, p. 84
- ^ Keith Kostecka, “Morris William Travers: A Lifetime of Achievement”, Xlibris Corporation, 2011, p. 66
- ^ Paul Monroe, “A Cyclopedia of Education”, A-CHR, Vol. 1 of 4, Forgotten Books, 2012, p. 70
- ^ "France". the Guardian. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Projet de loi relatif aux libertés des universités". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Carol Summerfield, Mary Elizabeth Devine, “International Dictionary of University Histories”, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1998, p. 419
- ^ "About us". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "GUIDE: International Student Handbook – Aix-Marseille University" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Ville de Marseille. "Ville de Marseille - "A new proposal for education, comprehensible and consistent", Yvon Berland, chancellor of the University of Aix-Marseille". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "French Universities". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "AIX-EN-PROVENCE: CEA". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "CEA Global Education – The University Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III". Gowithcea.com. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "Office of International Education". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Programs > Brochure > Office of Global Programs". Office of Global Programs. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Cornell ABROAD – FRANCE & FRENCH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES (Cornell University)". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Documentation". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Sciences Po Aix". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "French Ministry of Culture: Monument historique". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Study Abroad in Aix en Provence, France". IIEPassport. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "France to the United States, Consulate General of France in Houston – Fulbright". Consulfrance-houston.org. 4 June 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "Loyola University Chicago – Institut d'Etudes Politiques, Loyola Exchange Program". Luc.edu. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "Sciences Po Aix". Wellesley College. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Sciences Po Aix, a 'Grande Ecole' in Provence".
- ^ "Christine Lagarde – Biographical Information". Imf.org. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ Kenneth Rapoza. "Christine Lagarde". Forbes. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Federica Mogherini à l'Europe". Sciences Po Aix. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "La femme de Colombo". Libération.fr. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Le Point, magazine. "Sri Lanka : la double victoire de la présidente". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Biography of Nicolas Schmit". Gouvernement.lu. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "Le blog d'Elisabeth Guigou » Me connaître". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Philippe Séguin – Politics Obituaries". The Daily Telegraph. UK. 7 January 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "Portrait de". Patrick Ollier. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ LA FACULTE DE DROIT D’AIX-EN-PROVENCE: UNE HISTOIRE, UN PATRIMOINE
- ^ Ferne Arfin, “Adventure Guide to Provence & the Côte d'Azur”, Hunter Publishing Inc, 2009, p. 149
- ^ Francesco Longo, Daniela Cristofoli, “Strategic Change Management in the Public Sector”, John Wiley & Sons, 2007, p. 83
- ^ Navin Caleechurn. "Classement SMBG des Meilleurs Licences, Bachelors et Grandes Écoles - Spécialité Droit". Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- ^ "University of Connecticut – European and Civil Law in Aix-en-Provence, France". Law.uconn.edu. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "University of Ottawa – About l'Université Paul-Cézanne (Aix-Marseille III)". Llmphd.uottawa.ca. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Louis Adolphe Thiers". Web-books.com. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ Nationale, Assemblée. "Félix, Jean Gouin - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale". www.assemblee-nationale.fr.
- ^ "Isaac Adolphe Crémieux". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Edouard BALLADUR - Le portail des ministères économiques et financiers". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Quand la fac accueillait Balladur et Trintignant". Laprovence.com. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "René Cassin – Biography". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "Frédéric Mistral". Britannica.com. 25 March 1914. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ Kais M. Firro, “Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State under the Mandate”, I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2003, p. 108
- ^ Raghid El-Solh, “Lebanon and Arabism: National Identity and State Formation”, The Centre for Lebanese Studies, Oxford, 2004, p. 14
- ^ "CAPITALISM IN BULGARIA". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Fernando José de França Dias Van Dúnem". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Norodom Ranariddh – Biography". Archived from the original on 20 June 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Paul Cézanne". Biography. 22 October 1906. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ John Powell, “Biographical Dictionary of Literary Influences: The Nineteenth Century, 1800-1914”, Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2001, p. 81
- ^ "QS Top Universities – IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management". Topuniversities.com. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "BI Norwegian Business School – IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management". Bi.no. 21 December 2010. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management, Université Paul Cezanne Aix-Marseille III". The Independent. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Université Paul Cézanne; Marseille – Tilburg University".[permanent dead link]
- ^ "About IAE Aix". Archived from the original on 23 October 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Classement SMBG 2011 des Meilleurs Masters, MS, MBA et formations spécialisées Bac+5/Bac+6" (PDF).
- ^ PhD in Business Administration – ESSEC Business School
- ^ "Doctoral Programme – IAE AIX". .viadeo.com. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "IAE AIX Graduate School of Management". Mbapursuit.com. 15 November 2011. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "AMSE Project - Birth of Aix-Marseille School of Economics". Archived from the original on 1 November 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Groupement de Recherche en Economie Quantitative d'Aix Marseille (GREQAM) - AMSE". Archived from the original on 1 November 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Sesstim". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Idep". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Master – Introduction (AMSE)". Archived from the original on 1 November 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "PhD (AMSE)". Archived from the original on 1 November 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Welcome to EDGE - European Doctoral Group in Economics". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ C. D. O'Malley, “The History of Medical Education: UCLA Forum in Medical Sciences”, University of California Press, 1970, p. 152
- ^ "colonial science, contagion and the imaginarium of Marseille - RFIEA - Réseau français des instituts d'études avancées". rfiea.fr.
- ^ Julien Bogousslavsky, “Following Charcot: A Forgotten History of Neurology and Psychiatry”, Karger Publishers, 2011, p. 179
- ^ "Faculté de Médecine". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Observatoire Astronomique de Marseille-Provence".
- ^ "Quatre grandes missions-OAMP".
- ^ "Polytech Group". Archived from the original on 24 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Accord historique pour les ingénieurs français aux Etats-Unisc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Ecole d'ingénieurs universitaire - Polytech marseille - Aix-Marseille université". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities in Natural Sciences and Mathematics - 2015 - 2015 Top 100 Universities in Natural Sciences and Mathematics - ARWU-FIELD 2015". www.shanghairanking.com.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities in Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences - 2015 - 2015 Top 100 Universities in Natural Sciences and Mathematics - ARWU-FIELD 2015". www.shanghairanking.com.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities in Life and Agriculture Sciences - 2015 - 2015 Top 100 Universities in Natural Sciences and Mathematics - ARWU-FIELD 2015". www.shanghairanking.com.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities in Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy - 2015 - 2015 Top 100 Universities in Natural Sciences and Mathematics - ARWU-FIELD 2015". www.shanghairanking.com.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities in Mathematics - 2015 - 2015 Top 200 Universities in Mathematics - ARWU-SUBJECT 2015". www.shanghairanking.com.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities in Physics - 2015 - 2015 Top 200 Universities in Physics - ARWU-SUBJECT 2015". www.shanghairanking.com.
- ^ QS World University Rankings 2015-16
- ^ "Aix-Marseille University Rankings". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Aix-Marseille University Rankings". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Aix-Marseille University Rankings". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Aix-Marseille University Rankings". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Aix-Marseille University Rankings". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Aix-Marseille University Rankings". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Aix-Marseille University Rankings". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2015-16
- ^ U.S. News & World Report's Best Global Universities Rankings 2016
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Biology and Biochemistry 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Chemistry 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Clinical Medicine 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Geosciences 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Immunology 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Microbiology 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Neuroscience and Behavior 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Physics 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Plant and Animal Science 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Psychiatry/Psychology 2016".
- ^ "Best Global Universities for Space Science 2016".
- ^ CWTS Leiden Ranking 2016
- ^ University Ranking by Academic Performance 2015-16
- ^ Center for World University Rankings 2016
- ^ "Les composantes". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "University of Aix-Marseille Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE)" (PDF). Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "GOVERNO MONTI/ Chi è Renato Balduzzi, il nuovo ministro della Salute". Il Sussidiario.net. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Tullio De Mauro". www.tulliodemauro.com.
- ^ "Nikolaos Sokrates Politis". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Michel van den Abeele – Biography". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ VSA. "La Constitution oubliée du maréchal Pétain : prélude des républiques françaises de l'Après Guerre (1) - Realite-Histoire". Realite-Histoire. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Accueil". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Renée C. Fox, Judith P. Swazey, “Observing Bioethics”, Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 240
- ^ "SIMEON Joseph Jérôme, comte (1749-1842)". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Super User. "Ambassador". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
{{cite web}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ Robert S. Hirschfield, “The Selection and Election of Presidents”, Transaction Publishers, 2009, p. xi
- ^ sami. "Curriculum". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "LII: US Supreme Court: Justice Blackmun". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Mr. Justice Blackmun: Reflections from the Cours Mirabeau - Louisiana Law Review".
- ^ Curriculum Vitae - JAY S. BYBEE[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Curricula vitae of candidates nominated by national groups – General Assembly Security Council (UN)" (PDF).
- ^ "Penn Law Faculty: Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr., expert on Legal Ethics, Professional Responsibility, Civil Procedure, Federal Jurisdiction". www.law.upenn.edu.
- ^ ECHR. "Case-Law Analysis". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "It seems this link is broken! - UConn School of Law". www.law.uconn.edu.
- ^ webmaster, Supreme Court. "Current Judges of the Supreme Court". www.supremecourt.ie.
- ^ "Current Members - International Court of Justice". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Michel Rosenfeld – Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Ralph A. Rossum, “Federalism, the Supreme Court, and the Seventeenth Amendment: The Irony of Constitutional Democracy”, Lexington Books, 2001, p. ix
- ^ "NC State Lecture to Address Presidential War Power and Constitution". Archived from the original on 14 October 2006.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Alec Stone Sweet". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "College of Law: Symeon C. Symeonides - Willamette University". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ Baume, Maïa De La (30 November 2012). "Mazarine Pingeot, Mitterrand Daughter, Looks Back" – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ "Jean-Claude Abric – London School of Economics (LSE)" (PDF).
- ^ a b "Research council". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Patrick Baert – Biography". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Christie Davies – Curriculum Vitae" (PDF).
- ^ "Charles Fabry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Faculty Directory". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Gene M". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Bernard E. Harcourt – Biography". Archived from the original on 11 February 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Prof John Loughlin – Biography". Archived from the original on 3 October 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "William H. Starbuck – NYU" (PDF).
- ^ "John Waterbury - Princeton University". Archived from the original on 22 July 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "The Bologna Institute for Policy Research - Seminar Series Event - Richard-Gilmore-Global-Agriculture-in-the-21st-Century". The Bologna Institute for Policy Research. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Richard Lyons - Faculty Directory - Berkeley-Haas". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Mark P. Taylor". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
External links
- www.univ-amu.fr Official website of Aix-Marseille University