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For the American football player, see James-Michael Johnson.
Mike Johnson
Official portrait, 2022
56th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
Assumed office
October 25, 2023
Preceded byKevin McCarthy[a]
Leader of the House Republican Conference
Assumed office
October 25, 2023
Preceded byKevin McCarthy
Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference
In office
January 3, 2021 – October 25, 2023
LeaderKevin McCarthy
Preceded byMark Walker
Succeeded byVacant
Chair of the Republican Study Committee
In office
January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021
Preceded byMark Walker
Succeeded byJim Banks
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Louisiana's 4th district
Assumed office
January 3, 2017
Preceded byJohn Fleming
Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 8th district
In office
February 22, 2015 – January 3, 2017
Preceded byJeff R. Thompson
Succeeded byRaymond Crews
Personal details
Born
James Michael Johnson

(1972-01-30) January 30, 1972 (age 52)
Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseKelly Lary
Children4
EducationLouisiana State University (BS, JD)
WebsiteHouse website
Speaker website
Johnson's voice
Johnson on his amendment to the Endangered Species Act
Recorded May 18, 2018

James Michael Johnson (born January 30, 1972) is an American attorney, politician, and professor who is the 56th and current speaker of the United States House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party, on October 24, 2023, after three internal votes by the Republican conference, Johnson became the fourth Republican nominee for House Speaker in the October 2023 speakership election, following the failed candidacies of Steve Scalise, Jim Jordan, and Tom Emmer.[1][2] On October 25, he was elected the 56th Speaker of the House.[3] He is the first Speaker from Louisiana.

Johnson was first elected to represent Louisiana's 4th congressional district in 2016. He served as Chair of the Republican Study Committee, the largest caucus of conservatives in Congress from 2019 to 2021, and as Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference from 2021 to 2023.[4] Prior to his service in Congress, Johnson served two incomplete terms in the Louisiana House of Representatives.

A member of the Christian right faction of the Republican Party,[5][6] Johnson is known for his strong support for a nationwide abortion ban[7][8][9] and an end to legal same-sex marriages.[10] He has called for the Supreme Court decision Obergefell v. Hodges to be overturned and for medical marijuana to be restricted, referring to the latter as a "gateway drug". In December 2020, Johnson led 125 of his colleagues to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election.[11][12] In January 2021, Johnson voted to overturn the election results in Pennsylvania.[13] Johnson has cultivated close ties to Protestant fundamentalist groups Answers in Genesis, Louisiana Family Forum, Alliance Defending Freedom, and Focus on the Family.[14][15] Prior to his career as a politician, he worked with them to "represent churches, pastors and congregants whose vision of religious freedom conflicted with government regulations".[8] Johnson supports ending American military aid to Ukraine in its war with Russia.[8] Johnson is also a professor at Liberty University.[16][17]

Early life and education

Johnson was born in Shreveport, the oldest of four children of Jeanne Johnson and James Patrick Johnson.[18][19] His father was a firefighter who founded the nonprofit organization the Percy R. Johnson Burn Foundation, named after his partner Percy R. Johnson, the city's first African-American fire instructor and captain, who died in the line of duty. Johnson's father was also critically burned and disabled in the line of duty during the same fire.[20][non-primary source needed]

Johnson attended Captain Shreve High School in Shreveport. He graduated from Louisiana State University in 1995 with a bachelor's degree in business administration where he was a member of Kappa Sigma fraternity (Gamma chapter) and from Louisiana State's Paul M. Hebert Law Center in 1998 with a Juris Doctor.[21][non-primary source needed]

Johnson came to some prominence in the late 1990s when he and his wife appeared on television to promote new laws in Louisiana allowing covenant marriages, under which divorce is more difficult to obtain.[22]

Johnson served as a trustee of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission within the Southern Baptist Convention from 2004 to 2012.[citation needed]

Before his election to Congress, Johnson was a partner in the Kitchens Law Firm and a senior attorney and national media spokesman for the Alliance Defense Fund, now known as Alliance Defending Freedom.[23] In 2015, Johnson founded Freedom Guard, a a non-profit legal ministry designed to represent Christian clients in lawsuits.[24] He was formerly chief counsel of the nonprofit law firm Freedom Guard.[25] In this role, he defended government-provided tax breaks for AIG's Ark Encounter theme park in Kentucky. Johnson wrote a letter to the editor, stating:[26][27]Johnson had previously written for Answers in Genesis (AIG)[28][29] and had represented them in other lawsuits.[26][27][29]

During his time in Freedom Guard, he also "defended the sports chaplaincy program at Louisiana State University from attacks that it was unconstitutional".[24] Ken Ham has praised Johnson for his work, calling him one of the only “godly men” in Washington, D.C.[30]

In September 2016, Johnson summarized his legal career as "defending religious freedom, the sanctity of human life, and biblical values, including the defense of traditional marriage, and other ideals like these when they’ve been under assault."[31]

Louisiana House of Representatives

After the 8th District seat was vacated in 2015, Johnson ran for the position unopposed.[32]

Louisiana Marriage and Conscience Act

In April 2015, Johnson proposed the Marriage and Conscience Act, a bill similar in content to Indiana's controversial Religious Freedom Restoration Act passed a few days earlier, though Johnson denied that his legislation was based on the Indiana law.[33]

Johnson's Marriage and Conscience Act would have prevented adverse treatment by the State of any person or entity on the basis of the views they may hold with regard to marriage. [34] Critics denounced the bill as an attempt to protect people who discriminate against same-sex married couples.[35][22]

Governor Bobby Jindal pledged to sign Johnson's bill into law if it passed both houses of the legislature.[36] IBM and other employers in the region expressed their opposition to the bill, including concerns about the hiring difficulties it would likely produce.[37] Other politicians also objected, including Baton Rouge Metro Councilman John Delgado, a fellow Republican, who called Johnson a "despicable bigot of the highest order" for proposing the bill.[37]

On May 19, 2015, the House Civil Law and Procedure Committee voted 10–2 to table the bill, effectively ending its chances to become law.[38] Both Republicans and Democrats voted against the bill; other than Johnson, only Republican Ray Garofalo voted for it.[38] After the bill was tabled, Jindal said that he would issue an executive order to enforce its intent.[39]

Other

Johnson opposed the Common Core State Standards Initiative.[40]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2016

On February 10, 2016, Johnson announced his candidacy for the 4th congressional district seat, which at that time had been held for eight years by John Fleming. Fleming was running for the United States Senate seat vacated by David Vitter. Johnson won the election.[41][42][43][44]

2018

In 2018, Johnson won his second term in the U.S. House with 139,307 votes (64%). Democrat Ryan Trundle trailed with 72,923 (34%).[45]

2020

In 2020, Johnson won his third term in the House with 185,265 votes (~60%) to Democratic nominee Kenny Houston's 78,157 votes (~25%).[46]

2022

In 2022, Johnson ran unopposed and won re-election. [47]

Tenure

Early terms

Johnson was sworn into office on January 3, 2017. He was chosen Vice Chairman of the Republican Conference, an Assistant Whip for House Republicans, a member of the Judiciary Committee, the Armed Services Committee, and a member and former Chairman of the Republican Study Committee.[48]

Johnson voted for the American Health Care Act of 2017.[49]

In December 2017, Johnson voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.[50] After voting for the act, he called the economy "stunted" and a "burden" on Americans, adding, "The importance of this moment cannot be overstated. With the first comprehensive tax reform in 31 years, we will dramatically strengthen the U.S. economy and restore economic mobility and opportunity for hardworking individuals and families all across this country."[51]

Johnson was among 147 Republicans that voted to overturn the 2020 election results.[52]

On May 19, 2021, Johnson and all other seven Republican House leaders in the 117th Congress voted against establishing a national commission to investigate the January 6, 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. Thirty-five Republican House members and all 217 Democrats present voted to establish the commission.[53][54]

After the 2022 midterm elections, representative Andy Biggs proposed Johnson as a possible compromise candidate for Speaker of the House instead of Republican Conference leader Kevin McCarthy, after members of the House Freedom Caucus opposed McCarthy's bid for the speakership.[55]

In 2023, Johnson became chair of the House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution and Limited Government.[56]

Speaker of the House

Following Speaker Kevin McCarthy's unprecedented ouster, representative Matt Gaetz again proposed Johnson as a candidate for Speaker.[57] On October 13, 2023, Johnson stated that he would not run for Speaker and instead endorsed colleague Jim Jordan;[58] however, on the same day NBC News reported that Johnson was considering running for Speaker if Jordan dropped out, as previous nominee Steve Scalise did.[59]

On October 21, 2023, after Republicans Steve Scalise, Jim Jordan, and Tom Emmer had each withdrawn their respective candidacies for speaker of the House,[60][2] Johnson declared his candidacy for the vacant House speakership.[61] On October 24, 2023, House Republicans voted to make Johnson their fourth nominee in the October 2023 speaker election.[62]

On October 25, 2023, the House of Representatives voted, 220-209,[63] to elect Johnson as the 56th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.[3] Every Republican member of the House of Representatives who was in attendance voted for Johnson. [64] Johnson was also sworn in as speaker on October 25, 2023.[65] He is the first speaker in the history of the United States who comes from Louisiana.[66] Johnson has the shortest House membership tenure of any Speaker in 140 years.[67]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Political positions

Johnson receiving the True Blue award from Family Research Council President Tony Perkins in 2018

Johnson is a member of the Christian right faction of the Republican Party.[70][71]

Abortion

Main article: Abortion in the United States

Johnson supports a national abortion ban and opposes Roe v. Wade.[72][73] While in Congress, Johnson has supported bills outlawing abortion both at fertilisation and 15-weeks.[74][75][76]

In 2015 and 2016, Johnson led an anti-abortion "Life March" in Shreveport-Bossier City.[77]

In 2017, in a House Judiciary Committee meeting, Johnson argued that Roe v. Wade had made it necessary to cut Social Security and Medicaid:[72][73]

Roe v. Wade gave constitutional cover to the elective killing of unborn children in America. [....] You think about the implications of that on the economy; we’re all struggling here to cover the bases of Social Security and Medicare and Medicaid and all the rest. If we had all those able-bodied workers in the economy, we wouldn’t be going upside down and toppling over like this.

Johnson has co-sponsored the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act of 2017, which would ban abortion after 20 weeks; the Protecting Pain-Capable Unborn Children From Late-Term Abortions Act, which would ban abortion after 15 weeks; and the Heartbeat Protection Act of 2021, which would ban abortion after 6 weeks. All three bills would sentence physicians who perform abortions to five years in prison.[72][73]

LGBT rights

Main article: LGBT rights in the United States

Citing his religious beliefs, Johnson is an outspoken opponent of LGBT rights.[78][79] He has compared same-sex sexual conduct to bestiality and pedophilia, and has also argued that its toleration would lead to the latter.[79] In 2003, he argued in favor of criminalizing consensual same-sex relationships through sodomy laws and was a self-described advocate of "discrimination" by the state against homosexual conduct, saying:[79][80]

Proscriptions against sodomy have deep roots in religion, politics and law. States have always maintained the right to discourage the evils of sexual conduct outside marriage, and the state is right to discriminate between heterosexual and homosexual conduct since the latter cannot occur within the confines of marriage. Homosexuals do not meet the criteria for a suspect class under the equal protection clause because they are neither disadvantaged nor identified on the basis of immutable characteristics, as all are capable of changing their abnormal lifestyles.

In 2005, Johnson campaigned against GLSEN's annual anti-bullying Day of Silence, telling NBC News: "...that's cloaking their real message — that homosexuality is good for society."[81] Johnson opposed Lawrence v. Texas, which ruled that most sanctions of criminal punishment for consensual, adult non-procreative sexual conduct are unconstitutional; as well as Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage nationally. He believes individual states should be able to prohibit same-sex marriage.[82] In 2022, Johnson introduced the Stop the Sexualization of Children Act, which would prohibit federally funded institutions, including public schools and libraries, from promoting or mentioning gender identity. The bill has been compared to the Florida Parental Rights in Education Act.[83]

In 2019, when Johnson was chair of the Republican Study Committee, the committee published a statement criticizing the removal of clinical psychologist and gay conversion therapy advocate Joseph Nicolosi's works from availability on Amazon. The committee asserted that Amazon was engaging in censorship by declining to make Nicolosi's works available for sale.[84]

Medical marijuana

Main article: Cannabis in the United States

In 2016, Johnson opposed the expansion of medical marijuana in Louisiana. He argued that medical marijuana can actually worsen some conditions, specifically epilepsy, quoting the American Epilepsy Society's studies that it can cause "severe dystonic reactions and other movement disorders, developmental regression, intractable vomiting, and worsening seizures" in children with epilepsy.[85]

Climate change

Main articles: Climate change, Climate change policy of the United States, and Climate change denial

During a town hall in 2017, Johnson questioned the scientific consensus on climate change which attributes it to man-made carbon dioxide.[86]

Under Johnson, the Republican Study Committee in 2019 referred to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's Green New Deal as the "Greedy New Steal", described "wind and solar" as "the most inefficient energy sources we have", and claimed that living near wind turbines could cause "depression and cognitive dysfunction".[86][87]

Johnson has a lifetime score of 2% (out of 100%) on the League of Conservation Voters' National Environmental Scorecard,[88] which makes him one of the 47 lowest Republicans in Congress.[86] During his seven-year congressional career, Johnson received $338,125 in donations from the oil and gas industry.[89]

Election fraud

Main article: Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election

Johnson played a leading role in trying to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election in favor of Donald Trump.[90] On November 17, 2020, Johnson stated:[73][90][91]

You know the allegations about these voting machines, some of them being rigged with this software by Dominion, there’s a lot of merit to that. And when the President says the election was rigged, that's what he's talking about. [....] They know that in Georgia it really was rigged, it was set up for the Biden team.

Johnson also claimed that US voting systems (specifically Dominion Voting Systems) were "suspect" because they "came from Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela".[73][90]

On October 24, 2023, when a reporter began a question to Johnson with "you help lead the effort to overturn the 2020 election results," House Republicans interrupted to boo the reporter and shout "shut up".[92] On October 25, 2023, when Democrat Pete Aguilar spoke against Johnson on the grounds that "he was the most important architect of the Electoral College objections", a House Republican shouted "damn right" to applause.[73]

Donald Trump

In 2019, Johnson said, "President Trump cooperated fully with the [Special Counsel Mueller] investigation."[93] The Mueller Report found, “The president launched public attacks on the investigation and individuals involved in it who could possess evidence adverse to the president, while in private, the president engaged in a series of targeted efforts to control the investigation.”[94] This included attempting to have Mueller fired, and pressuring then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions to limit the investigation.[94]

In 2019, during the first impeachment of Donald Trump, Johnson defended Trump telling White House officials to ignore Congressional subpoenas as "legitimate executive privilege in legal immunity".[95] Johnson served as a member of Trump's legal defense team during both the 2019 and 2021 Senate impeachment trials, which resulted in acquittals.[96]

In December 2020, Johnson was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated[97] incumbent Donald Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state.[98][99][100]

In January 2021, Johnson was one of 147 members of Congress to vote to overturn the results of the 2020 United States presidential election in the state of Pennsylvania.[101]

Immigration

Johnson supported President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to prohibit immigration from seven predominantly Muslim countries, saying: "This is not an effort to ban any religion, but rather an effort to adequately protect our homeland. We live in a dangerous world, and this important measure will help us balance freedom and security."[102]

In 2023, Johnson voted for an amendment that would eliminate funding for immigration and refugee assistance.[103][better source needed]

Minimum wage

Main article: Minimum wage in the United States

In 2019, Johnson opposed the Raise the Wage Act, which would raise the federal minimum wage to $15, as "job-crushing legislation".[104][105] In 2021, Johnson again opposed the bill.[106]

Prayer in public schools

Main article: School prayer § United States

In April 2018, Johnson joined Republican state Attorney General Jeff Landry and Christian evangelist Kirk Cameron to argue under the First Amendment for student-led prayer and religious expression in public schools. Johnson and Landry appeared, with Cameron who spoke on a promotional video, at prayer rallies at the First Baptist Church of Minden and Bossier Parish Community College in Bossier City. The gatherings were organized by area pastors, including Brad Jurkovich of First Baptist Bossier, in response to a lawsuit filed in February against the Bossier Parish School Board and the superintendent, Scott Smith. Smith and the board were accused of permitting teachers to incorporate various aspects of Christianity in their class presentations.[107]

Taxation

Main article: Taxation in the United States

In 2016, as a state representative, Johnson voted against a one-cent increase in Louisiana's sales tax.[108][better source needed]

Ahead of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), Johnson stated that reducing corporate taxes "will unleash the free market again" and "could get [GDP growth] as high as 6 or 7 percent".[109] In contrast, the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (CRFB)'s analysis of the non-partisan Joint Committee on Taxation's analysis found that the TCJA might increase GDP growth rate by 0.02% per year (ie, from about 2.00% to 2.02%).[110]

Veterans

The PACT ACT, which expanded VA benefits to veterans exposed to toxic chemicals during their military service, received a "nay" vote from Johnson.[citation needed]

Personal life

Johnson with his wife, Kelly

Johnson married Kelly Lary in 1999. Kelly Lary Johnson is a licensed pastoral counselor, lecturer on family-related issues, and former schoolteacher. The Johnsons have four children and reside in Bossier Parish.[111] Johnson formerly resided in Shreveport, Baton Rouge, and in Allen, Collin County, Texas.[112][better source needed]

Johnson has stated that early in his married life, he and his wife took in a 14-year-old African-American boy and consider him a part of their family. "Many of my colleagues in this committee may not be aware, in addition to our four children at home, my wife and I have a much older son who happens to be African American," Johnson said. "We took custody of Michael and made him part of our family 22 years ago when we were just newlyweds and Michael just 14 and out on the streets and on a dangerous path."[113]

Johnson is an evangelical Christian.[71]

Notes

  1. ^ McCarthy was removed as Speaker on October 3, 2023. Patrick McHenry acted as Speaker pro tempore until Johnson's election as Speaker.

References

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  110. ^ "Analysis Finds Tax Bill Will Produce Marginal Growth, Cost $1.1 Trillion". Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. January 3, 2018.
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Louisiana House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 8th district
2015–2017 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. Representative
for Louisiana's 4th congressional district
2017–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Chair of the Republican Study Committee
2019–2021 		Succeeded by
Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference
2021–2023 		Vacant
Preceded by House Republican Leader
2023–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded byas Speaker pro tempore Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
2023–present 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Vice President Order of precedence of the United States
as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives 		Succeeded byas Chief Justice
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
211th 		Succeeded by
U.S. presidential line of succession
Preceded byas Vice President Second in line
as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives 		Succeeded byas President pro tempore of the United States Senate
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mike_Johnson&oldid=1181895064"