Daisaku Ikeda
Daisaku Ikeda | |
---|---|
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President of Soka Gakkai International | |
Assumed office 26 January 1975 | |
3rd President of Soka Gakkai | |
In office 3 May 1960 – 23 April 1979 | |
Preceded by | Josei Toda |
Succeeded by | Hiroshi Hojo (北条浩) |
Personal details | |
Born | Ōta, Tokyo, Japan | 2 January 1928
Spouse | Kaneko Ikeda (池田香峯子) |
Children | |
Parents |
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Residence(s) | Tokyo, Japan |
Alma mater | Fuji Junior College (present-day Tokyo Fuji University)[1] |
Signature | ![]() |
Website | daisakuikeda |
Daisaku Ikeda (池田 大作, Ikeda Daisaku, born 2 January 1928, Japan) is a Buddhist philosopher, educator, author, and anti-nuclear activist.[2][3][4] He served as the third president of the Soka Gakkai, the largest of Japan's new religious movements.[5] Ikeda is the founding president of the Soka Gakkai International (SGI), the world's largest Buddhist lay organization, with approximately 12 million Nichiren Buddhist practitioners in 192 countries and regions.[6][7]
In 1996, Los Angeles Times writer Teresa Watanabe described Ikeda as a "puzzle of conflicting perceptions," ranging from "a democrat," "a man of deep learning" and "an inspired teacher," to "a despot," "a threat to democracy" and "Japan's most powerful man." Watanabe reported that Japanese "tabloid coverage has affected his public image and blurred the lines between suspicion and fact, imagination and reality."[8]
Early life and background
Ikeda was born in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan, on the 2nd of January, 1928. During the early part of his childhood, Ikeda had four older brothers, two younger brothers, and a younger sister. His parents later adopted two more children, for a total of 10 siblings. Since the mid-nineteenth century, the Ikeda family had successfully farmed Nori, an edible form of seaweed, in Tokyo Bay. By the turn of the twentieth century, the Ikeda family business was the largest producer of nori in Tokyo. However, after the devastation of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the family's enterprise was left in ruins, and by the time Ikeda was born his family was financially struggling.[9]
In 1942, at the age of 14, Ikeda worked at munitions factory Niigata Steelworks to support his family.[10] After the war ended in 1945, Ikeda worked for the Shobundo Printing Company. He graduated from Toyo Trade School in March 1948 and the following month entered the night school extension of Taisei Gakuin (present-day Tokyo Fuji University) where he majored in political science[11] while working for Toda as an editor of a children's magazine, Shonen Nihon (Boy's Life Japan).[11][10]
In August 1947, at the age of 19, Ikeda attended a Buddhist discussion meeting where he met Josei Toda, the second president of Japan's Soka Gakkai Buddhist organization. Ikeda said he found in Toda "an open and unaffected person, a man of unshakable conviction with a gift for explaining profound Buddhist concepts in logical, accessible terms." As a result of this encounter, Ikeda began practicing Buddhism and joined the Soka Gakkai that same month. Over the next few years, Ikeda worked for various Toda-owned enterprises, particularly Nihon Shogakkan, a publishing house where Ikeda served as editor of a children's magazine.[11][10]
Career
Soka Gakkai
In 1947, Ikeda became a charter member of the Soka Gakkai's youth division. In 1953, at the age of 25, he was appointed one of its youth leaders. The following year, he was appointed the Soka Gakkai's public relations director and later named its chief of staff.[12]: 85 [10]: 77
In 1952, Ikeda witnessed an altercation between Toda and a Nichiren Shōshū priest named Jimon Ogasawara. During WWII, Ogasawara had cooperated with the militaristic government authorities against Soka Gakkai's founder Tsunesaburō Makiguchi, who had died while imprisoned for his anti-war stance. On 28 April 1952, Toda led a group of 4,000 Soka Gakkai members to Taiseki-ji, the Nichiren Shōshū head temple, to celebrate the 700th anniversary of the temple's founding. While there, Toda confronted Ogasawara, who initially refused to apologize. Some young men who accompanied Toda tore off Ogasawara's vestments and tagged him with a placard reading "racoon monk." Toda and Ogasawara later apologized to each other for the incident.[n 1][13] He was then forcibly carried to Makiguchi's grave, where he was made to sign a written apology.[14][15]: 698–711 [16]: 186 : 705–711 [17]
In April 1957, a group of Young Men's Division members who were campaigning for a Soka Gakkai electoral candidate were arrested for allegedly distributing money, cigarettes and candies at supporters' residences. Ikeda was later arrested in Osaka in his capacity as Soka Gakkai Youth Division Chief of Staff for allegedly overseeing these activities. Ikeda spent two weeks in jail and was cleared of all charges in January 1962.[18]
Ikeda regarded Toda as his spiritual mentor and writes that he influenced him through "the profound compassion that characterized each of his interactions."[19]
Leadership
After Toda's death in 1958, Ikeda succeeded his mentor to become the third president of the Soka Gakkai in 1960, after which he began to travel abroad to expand the Soka Gakkai movement.[20] The expansion of the Soka Gakkai was, in Ikeda's words, "Toda's will for the future."[21] With his assumption of the Soka Gakkai presidency, Ikeda "continued the task begun by [the Soka Gakkai founder] Makiguchi of fusing the ideas and principles of educational pragmatism with the elements of Buddhist doctrine."[2]
While Soka Gakkai saw its most dramatic growth after the World War II under Toda's leadership, Ikeda led the international growth of the Soka Gakai and turned it into what is considered the largest, most diverse international lay Buddhist association in the world.[6][22] He reformed many of the organization's practices including the aggressive conversions (shakubuku (折伏)) the group was known for in Japan and improved the organization's public image, though it was sometimes viewed with suspicion in Japan.[23][24][25][26][27]
By the 1970s, Ikeda's leadership had expanded the Soka Gakkai into an international lay Buddhist movement increasingly active in peace, cultural and educational activities and shifted the organization away from "a very rigid fundamentalistic and evangelical stance."[28]
For example, on 17 September 1974, Ikeda visited the Soviet Union and met with Premier Aleksey N. Kosygin. "We must abandon the very idea of war," said Kosygin. "It is meaningless. If we stop preparing for war and prepare instead for peace, we can produce food instead of armaments." He asked Ikeda, "Mr. Ikeda, what is your basic ideology?" Ikeda replied, "I believe in peace, culture and education – the underlying basis of which is humanism." "I have a high regard for those values," Kosygin said. "We need to realize them here in the Soviet Union as well."[29][30]: 415 [31] Ikeda visited with United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1975 to "urge the de-escalation of nuclear tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union."[4]
In 1975, at an international meeting of Soka Gakkai representatives held in Guam, the Soka Gakkai International (SGI) was formed to support overseas members. Ikeda took a leading role in this development and became founding president of the SGI.[10]: 128
Resignation
In 1979, Ikeda resigned as the president of Soka Gakkai, accepting responsibility for the organization's purported deviation from Nichiren Shōshū doctrines and accompanying conflict with the priesthood.[32] Nichiren Shōshū was the Buddhist denomination to which Soka Gakkai had belonged since its founding, but the relationship between the two was often strained. Hiroshi Hojo succeeded Ikeda as the Soka Gakkai president, and Ikeda remained president of the SGI. Ikeda was also made honorary president of the Soka Gakkai.[33]
Ikeda and the Soka Gakkai were excommunicated by Nichiren Shoshu on 28 November 1991[34][35][36][37] and on 11 August 1992.[38][39] Following the group's excommunication, Soka Gakkai members began to describe their group as Buddhism's first Protestant movement.[40]
Legacy
Under Ikeda's leadership, the SGI has developed as a broad-based grassroots peace movement around the world. He has fostered among SGI members a strong ethos of responsibility for the society with global citizenship spirit.[41]
Accomplishments
Ikeda has founded many global institutions, including Soka University in Tokyo, Japan, and Soka University of America in Aliso Viejo, California; Soka kindergarten, primary and secondary schools in Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil and Singapore; the Victor Hugo House of Literature, in France; the International Committee of Artists for Peace in the United States; the Min-On Concert Association in Japan; the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum in Japan; the Institute of Oriental Philosophy in Japan with offices in France, Hong Hong, India, Russia and the United Kingdom; the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research in Japan and the United States; and the Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, and Dialogue in the United States.[42]
Since 1990, Ikeda has partnered with Rabbi Abraham Cooper and the Simon Wiesenthal Center, a Jewish human rights organization, to combat anti-Semitism in Japan. In a 2001 interview, Rabbi Cooper stated he was "getting nowhere after reaching out to the Japanese media about anti-Semitism in Japan. The only partners we found to help us bring our concerns to the Japanese public were people from Soka University under the leadership of Daisaku Ikeda. If you ask me who our best friend in Japan is, who 'gets it,' it is Ikeda. He was actually our first visitor to the Museum of Tolerance." Their friendship led to the joint development of a Japanese-language Holocaust exhibition The Courage to Remember, which was seen by more than two million people in Japan between 1994 and 2007. In 2015, a new version of the exhibit opened in Tokyo focusing on the bravery of Anne Frank and Chiune Sugihara.[10][43]
Ikeda has guided Soka Gakkai's support of, and involvement in, the Komeito,[2] a Japanese political party which, as of 2007, became part of a governing coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan.
Ikeda was an original proponent of the Earth Charter Initiative, co-founded by Mikhail Gorbachev, and Ikeda has included details of the Charter in many of his annual peace proposals since 1997. The SGI has supported the Earth Charter with production of global exhibitions including Seeds of Change in 2002 that traveled to 27 nations and Seeds of Hope in 2010, correlating with the Earth Charter-related documentary film, A Quiet Revolution, which the SGI has donated to schools and educational programs around the world.[44][45]
The traveling exhibition Gandhi, King, Ikeda: A Legacy of Building Peace showcases the peace activism of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, and Daisaku Ikeda. Lawrence Carter, an ordained Baptist minister and dean of the Martin Luther King Jr. Chapel at Morehouse College in Atlanta, also initiated an annual Gandhi, King, Ikeda Community Builders Prize as a way of extolling individuals whose actions for peace transcend cultural, national and philosophical boundaries.[46][47]
The United States House of Representatives[48] and individual states including Georgia,[49] Missouri,[50] and Illinois,[51][52] have passed resolutions that recognize the service and dedication of Daisaku Ikeda "who has dedicated his entire life to building peace and promoting human rights through education and cultural exchange with deep conviction in the shared humanity of our entire global family." The state of Missouri praised Ikeda and his value of "education and culture as the prerequisites for the creation of true peace in which the dignity and fundamental rights of all people are respected."
In 2014, the City of Chicago named a section of Wabash Avenue in downtown Chicago "Daisaku Ikeda Way", with the Chicago City Council measure passing unanimously, 49 to 0.[53]
In January 2015, the director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo said that Daisaku Ikeda had been nominated for the 2015 Nobel Peace Prize, as confirmed by a Nobel Peace Laureate.[54]
Ikeda is also an honorary member of the Club of Rome.[55]
International initiatives
Ikeda's meetings with public figures have raised awareness of the SGI's Buddhist movement in host countries, facilitated relationships with cultural and educational institutions he has founded, and lent support, for example, to SGI-sponsored traveling exhibits on global issues.[56] These meetings and relationships have been described by some as citizen diplomacy for their contributions to diplomatic as well as intercultural ties between Japan and other countries.[57][58][59]
Coverage in SGI publications suggests Ikeda's meetings and dialogues illustrate the SGI movement’s commitment to peace, environmental concerns and humanitarianism.[60] Observers suggest the body of literature chronicling Ikeda’s more than 7,000 dialogues[61] provides SGI members with a personal education and model of citizen diplomacy[62][63] and, from a scholarly view, represents “a new current in interculturalism and educational philosophy.”[64]
Ikeda's first meeting with Nelson Mandela in 1990 led to SGI-sponsored anti-apartheid lectures, a traveling exhibit and student exchanges at the university level.[65]
Sino-Japanese relations
Ikeda made several visits to China and met with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1974. The visits led to the establishment of cultural exchanges of art, dance and music between China and Japan and opened academic exchanges between Chinese educational institutions and Soka University.[65] Chinese media describe Ikeda as an early proponent of normalizing diplomatic relations between China and Japan in the 1970s, citing his 1968 proposal that drew condemnation by some and the interest of others including Zhou Enlai.[66][67] It was said that Zhou Enlai entrusted Ikeda with ensuring that "Sino-Japanese friendship would continue for generations to come."[68]
Since 1975 cultural exchanges have continued between the Min-On Concert Association, founded by Ikeda, and institutions including the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.[69][70] After Ikeda’s 1984 visit to China and meetings with public figures including Chinese Communist Party Leader Hu Yaobang and Deng Yingchao, an observer estimated that Ikeda's 1968 proposal may have contributed to Japanese public sentiment on closer diplomatic ties with China and this cultivation of educational and cultural ties helped strengthen state relations.[71]
Honorary doctorates and professorships
Ikeda received an honorary doctorate from the University of Massachusetts Boston on 21 November 2010, which marked his 300th academic honor.[72] He has said that "The academic honors I have accepted have all been on behalf of the members of SGI around the world."[73]
Number | Country | Institution | Title conferred | Place and date |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | USSR | Moscow State University | honorary doctorate | May 1975[74] |
2 | Peru | National University of San Marcos | hon. professorship | April 1981[citation needed] |
3 | Bulgaria | Sofia University | honorary doctorate | May 1981[citation needed] |
4 | China | Peking University | honorary professorship | June 1984[citation needed] |
5 | China | Fudan University | honorary professorship | June 1984[citation needed] |
6 | Dominican Republic | Autonomous University of Santo Domingo | honorary professorship | February 1987[citation needed] |
7 | Argentina | University of Buenos Aires | honorary doctorate | March 1990[citation needed] |
8 | Mexico | University of Guanajuato | honorary doctorate (Maestro Emérito) | March 1990[citation needed] |
9 | China | Wuhan University | honorary professorship | November 1990[citation needed] |
10 | Macau | University of Macau | honorary professorship | January 1991[75] |
11 | Philippines | University of the Philippines | honorary doctorate of law | April 1991[citation needed] |
12 | Argentina | University of Palermo | honorary doctorate | May 1991[citation needed] |
13 | Hong Kong | Chinese University of Hong Kong | distinguished visiting professor | January 1992[76] |
14 | Turkey | Ankara University | honorary doctorate of social science | June 1992[citation needed] |
15 | China | Chinese Academy of Social Sciences | honorary research professor | October 1992[citation needed] |
16 | Kenya | University of Nairobi | honorary doctorate of letters | December 1992[77] |
17 | Brazil | Federal University of Rio de Janeiro | honorary doctorate | February 1993[citation needed] |
18 | Argentina | National University of Lomas de Zamora | honorary doctorate | February 1993[citation needed] |
19 | Argentina | National University of Lomas de Zamora | honorary professorship, faculty of law | February 1993[citation needed] |
20 | Argentina | National University of Córdoba | honorary professorship | February 1993[citation needed] |
21 | Paraguay | National University of Asunción | honorary doctorate of philosophy | February 1993[citation needed] |
22 | Brazil | University of São Paulo | honorary visiting professor[dubious – discuss] | February 1993[citation needed] |
23 | Brazil | Federal University of Paraná | honorary doctorate | March 1993[citation needed] |
24 | Bolivia | Del Valle University | honorary doctorate | March 1993[citation needed] |
25 | China | Shenzhen University | honorary professorship | November 1993[citation needed] |
26 | China | Xinjian Uygur Autonomous Region Museum | honorary professorship | January 1994[citation needed] |
27 | Russia | International University in Moscow | honorary doctorate | May 1994[citation needed] |
28 | Italy | University of Bologna | honorary doctorate | June 1994[citation needed] |
29 | United Kingdom | University of Glasgow | honorary doctorate | June 1994[78] |
30 | China | Xinjiang University | honorary professorship | August 1994[citation needed] |
31 | China | Xiamen University | honorary professorship | November 1994[citation needed] |
32 | South Africa | University of the North | honorary doctorate of education | September 1995[citation needed] |
33 | Nepal | Tribhuvan University | honorary doctorate of letters | November 1995[citation needed] |
34 | Macau | University of Macau | honorary doctorate of social sciences | November 1995[79] |
35 | Hong Kong | University of Hong Kong | honorary doctorate of letters | March 1996[80] |
36 | China | Xinjiang University | honorary president | April 1996[citation needed] |
37 | United States | University of Denver | honorary doctorate of education | June 1996[citation needed] |
38 | Cuba | University of Havana | honorary doctorate of letters | June 1996[citation needed] |
39 | Ghana | University of Ghana | honorary doctorate of law | August 1996[citation needed] |
40 | Russia | Far Eastern State University | honorary doctorate of international education | November 1996[citation needed] |
41 | China | Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University | honorary professorship | November 1996[citation needed] |
42 | China | Jilin University | honorary professorship | February 1997[citation needed] |
43 | Philippines | De La Salle University | honorary doctorate of humane letters (international education) | March 1997[citation needed] |
44 | Sri Lanka | University of Kelaniya | honorary doctorate of letters | May 1997[citation needed] |
45 | China | Shanghai University | honorary professorship | May 1997[citation needed] |
46 | China | Inner Mongolia University | honorary professorship | October 1997[citation needed] |
47 | Mongolia | National University of Mongolia | honorary doctorate of humanities | November 1997[citation needed] |
48 | Philippines | University of the City of Manila | honorary doctorate of humanities | February 1998[citation needed] |
49 | Argentina | Universidad de Morón | honorary doctorate | March 1998[citation needed] |
50 | Russia | Institute for High Energy Physics | honorary doctorate | April 1998[citation needed] |
51 | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro State University | honorary doctorate | April 1998[citation needed] |
52 | Republic of Korea | Kyung Hee University | honorary doctorate of philosophy | May 1998[citation needed] |
53 | Republic of Korea | Chung Cheong College | honorary professorship | July 1998[citation needed] |
54 | Peru | Ricardo Palma University | honorary doctorate | July 1998[citation needed] |
55 | Peru | Association of Doctors of Education | honorary doctorate | July 1998[citation needed] |
56 | China | Yanbian University | honorary professorship | November 1998[citation needed] |
57 | China | Nankai University | honorary professorship | November 1998[citation needed] |
58 | Brazil | Northern Paraná University | honorary doctorate | November 1998[citation needed] |
59 | India | University of Delhi | honorary doctorate of letters | December 1998[citation needed] |
60 | Argentina | University of Flores | honorary doctorate | January 1999[citation needed] |
61 | China | Sichuan University | honorary professorship | April 1999[citation needed] |
62 | Peru | Federico Villarreal National University | honorary doctorate | April 1999[citation needed] |
63 | Republic of Korea | Cheju National University | honorary doctorate of Korean language and literature | May 1999[citation needed] |
64 | Bolivia | University of Santa Cruz de la Sierra | honorary doctorate | June 1999[citation needed] |
65 | China | Northeastern University | honorary professorship | July 1999[citation needed] |
66 | Kyrgyzstan | Institute of Oriental Languages and Cultures, Kyrgyz State Pedagogical University | honorary professorship | August 1999[citation needed] |
67 | Peru | National University of Central Peru | honorary doctorate | September 1999[citation needed] |
68 | China | Hunan Normal University | honorary professorship | September 1999[citation needed] |
69 | Argentina | National University of Lomas de Zamora | honorary professorship, faculty of social sciences | October 1999[citation needed] |
70 | Argentina | National University of Comahue | honorary doctorate | October 1999[citation needed] |
71 | China | Nanjing University | honorary professorship | December 1999[citation needed] |
72 | Russia | St. Petersburg State University | honorary doctorate | January 2000[citation needed] |
73 | United States | University of Delaware | honorary doctorate of humane letters | Tokyo, 16 January 2000[81] |
74 | United States | Queens College, City University of New York | honorary doctorate of humane letters | January 2000[citation needed] |
75 | Guam (United States) | University of Guam | honorary doctorate of humane letters | January 2000[citation needed] |
76 | Philippines | Angeles University Foundation | honorary doctorate of humanities | February 2000[citation needed] |
77 | China | Central University for Nationalities | honorary professorship | February 2000[citation needed] |
78 | China | Guangdong University of Foreign Studies | honorary professorship | February 2000[citation needed] |
79 | Argentina | National University of Nordeste | honorary doctorate | February 2000[citation needed] |
80 | China | Northeast Normal University | honorary doctorate | March 2000[citation needed] |
81 | Sakha Republic (Russia) | Yakutsk State University | honorary professorship | March 2000[citation needed] |
82 | El Salvador | Latin American Technical University | honorary doctorate | April 2000[citation needed] |
83 | China | Inner Mongolia Art Academy | preeminent honorary professor | April 2000[citation needed] |
84 | India | Sri Sitaramdas Omkarnath Institute of Sanskrit Learning | honorary doctorate (Mahamahopadhyaya) | April 2000[citation needed] |
85 | Mongolia | Mongolian Institute of Literature and Social Work | honorary rector | May 2000[citation needed] |
86 | China | Beijing Administrative College | honorary professorship | May 2000[82] |
87 | China | Yunnan University | honorary professorship | June 2000[citation needed] |
88 | China | South China Normal University | honorary professorship | August 2000[citation needed] |
89 | India | Bundelkhand University | honorary doctorate of letters | August 2000[citation needed] |
90 | Venezuela | University of Zulia | honorary doctorate | September 2000[citation needed] |
91 | Panama | University of Panama | honorary doctorate | September 2000[citation needed] |
92 | India | Bundelkhand University | honorary lifetime professor in the Ambedhar School of Social Sciences | October 2000[citation needed] |
93 | Thailand | Siam University | honorary doctorate of public administration | November 2000[citation needed] |
94 | Tonga | Tonga Institute of Education and Tong Tonga Institute of Schinece and Technology | honorary professorship of education | November 2000[citation needed] |
95 | Australia | University of Sydney | honorary doctorate of letters | 24 November 2000[83] |
96 | Malaysia | Putra University, Malaysia | honorary doctorate of letters | November 2000[citation needed] |
97 | Hong Kong | Chinese University of Hong Kong | honorary doctorate of social science | 7 December 2000[84] |
98 | Mongolia | Mongolian University of Arts and Culture | honorary doctorate | December 2000[citation needed] |
99 | India | Purvanchal University | honorary doctorate of letters | January 2001[citation needed] |
100 | China | Guangdong Province Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | February 2001[citation needed] |
101 | China | Northwest University | honorary professorship | April 2001[citation needed] |
102 | China | Anhui University | honorary professorship | April 2001[citation needed] |
103 | Puerto Rico | Carlos Albizu University | honorary doctorate of humane letters in behavioral sciences | May 2001[citation needed] |
104 | Mongolia | Kharakhorum University | honorary doctorate | May 2001[citation needed] |
105 | China | Fujian Normal University | honorary professorship | June 2001[citation needed] |
106 | China | Huaqiao University | honorary professorship | June 2001[citation needed] |
107 | China | Jinan University | honorary professorship | July 2001[citation needed] |
108 | Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (United States) | Northern Marianas College | honorary professorship | July 2001[citation needed] |
109 | China | Soochow University | honorary professorship | October 2001[citation needed] |
110 | China | Liaoning Normal University | honorary professorship | October 2001[citation needed] |
111 | Philippines | University of Southern Philippines Foundation | honorary doctorate of humanities | October 2001[citation needed] |
112 | China | Guangzhou University | honorary professorship | November 2001[citation needed] |
113 | Republic of Korea | Kyongju University | honorary professorship | December 2001[citation needed] |
114 | Republic of Korea | Changwon National University | honorary doctorate of education | December 2001[citation needed] |
115 | Kazakhstan | International Kazakh-Turkish University | honorary professorship | December 2001[citation needed] |
116 | Dominican Republic | Santiago Technical University | honorary doctorate | February 2002[citation needed] |
117 | Uzbekistan | National Institute of Arts and Design (Uzbekistan) | honorary professorship | February 2002[citation needed] |
118 | China | Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences | senior research professor | March 2002[citation needed] |
119 | Philippines | Gregorio Araneta University Foundation | honorary doctorate of humanities | March 2002[citation needed] |
120 | Cambodia | Royal University of Phnom Penh | honorary professorship | March 2002[citation needed] |
121 | China | Liaoning University | honorary professorship | April 2002[citation needed] |
122 | United States | Morehouse College | honorary doctorate of humane letters | April 2002[citation needed] |
123 | China | Qingdao University | honorary professorship | April 2002[citation needed] |
124 | India | Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University | honorary doctorate of letters | April 2002[citation needed] |
125 | Kenya | Kenyatta University | honorary doctorate of humane letters | May 2002[citation needed] |
126 | China | Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | May 2002[citation needed] |
127 | Russia | Moscow State University | honorary professorship | June 2002[citation needed] |
128 | China | Nanjing Normal University | honorary professorship | June 2002[citation needed] |
129 | Republic of Korea | Sorabol College | honorary professorship | June 2002[citation needed] |
130 | India | Himachal Pradesh University | honorary doctorate of literature | August 2002[citation needed] |
131 | China | Renmin University of China | honorary professorship | September 2002[85] |
132 | China | University of Science and Technology of China | honorary professorship | October 2002[citation needed] |
133 | China | Zhejiang University | honorary professorship | November 2002[86] |
134 | Mongolia | Shihihutung Law School | honorary doctorate | November 2002[citation needed] |
135 | Ukraine | Kiev National University of Trade and Economics | honorary doctorate | November 2002[citation needed] |
136 | Republic of Korea | Dong-A University | honorary doctorate of philosophy | December 2002[citation needed] |
137 | China | Shanghai International Studies University | honorary professorship | December 2002[citation needed] |
138 | China | Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | December 2002[citation needed] |
139 | India | Bharathidasan University | honorary doctorate of literature | January 2003[citation needed] |
140 | Peru | National University of Piura | honorary doctorate | February 2003[citation needed] |
141 | Taiwan | Chinese Culture University | honorary doctorate of philosophy | March 2003[citation needed] |
142 | China | Dalian University of Foreign Languages | honorary professorship | April 2003[citation needed] |
143 | Paraguay | Columbia University of Paraguay | honorary doctorate of sociology | April 2003[citation needed] |
144 | Peru | Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University | honorary doctorate | September 2003[citation needed] |
145 | China | Northwest Normal University | honorary professorship | October 2003[citation needed] |
146 | Republic of Korea | Gwangju Women's University | honorary professorship | October 2003[citation needed] |
147 | China | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | honorary professorship | October 2003[citation needed] |
148 | United States | Chapman University | honorary doctorate of humane letters | December 2003[citation needed] |
149 | China | Zhaoqing University | honorary professorship | December 2003[citation needed] |
150 | Sakha Republic (Russia) | Arctic State Institute of Culture and Arts | honorary professorship | January 2004[citation needed] |
151 | India | Rabindra Bharati University | honorary doctorate of literature | February 2004[citation needed] |
152 | United States | Mineral Area College | honorary professorship of humanities | February 2004[citation needed] |
153 | China | National Prosecuters College | honorary professorship | March 2004[citation needed] |
154 | Taiwan | National Pingtung University | honorary doctorate of agricultural sciences | March 2004[citation needed] |
155 | Republic of Buryatia (Russia) | Buryat State University | honorary professorship | April 2004[citation needed] |
156 | Brazil | Londrina State University | honorary doctorate | April 2004[citation needed] |
157 | Bolivia | University of San Francisco Xavier of Chuquisaca | honorary doctorate | May 2004[citation needed] |
158 | China | China University of Petroleum | honorary professorship | May 2004[citation needed] |
159 | Philippines | Capitol University | honorary doctorate of humanities | June 2004[citation needed] |
160 | China | Sanda University | honorary professorship | June 2004[citation needed] |
161 | Jordan | University of Jordan | honorary doctorate of humane letters | July 2004[citation needed] |
162 | Mexico | University of Guadalajara | honorary doctorate | September 2004[citation needed] |
163 | China | Fujian Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | September 2004[citation needed] |
164 | China | Changchun University | honorary professorship | October 2004[citation needed] |
165 | China | Qufu Normal University | honorary professorship | October 2004[citation needed] |
166 | Kyrgyzstan | Osh State University | honorary professorship | November 2004[citation needed] |
167 | Republic of Korea | Paekche Institute of the Arts | honorary professorship | November 2004[citation needed] |
168 | Mongolia | Otgontenger University | honorary doctorate | December 2004[citation needed] |
169 | Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (United States) | Northern Marianas College | honorary president | January 2005[citation needed] |
170 | Peru | Enrique Guzman y Valle National University of Education | honorary doctorate | January 2005[citation needed] |
171 | Belarus | Minsk State Linguistic University | honorary professorship | February 2005[citation needed] |
172 | Philippines | Batangas State University | honorary doctorate of pedagogy | March 2005[citation needed] |
173 | China | Shanghai University of Finance and Economics | professor emeritus of humanities | April 2005[87] |
174 | Paraguay | National University of Itapua | honorary doctorate | April 2005[citation needed] |
175 | China | Beijing Language and Culture University | honorary professorship | May 2005[88] |
176 | Brazil | Cornélio Procópio College of Philosophy, Science, and Letters | honorary doctorate | May 2005[citation needed] |
177 | China | Huazhong Normal University | honorary professorship | June 2005[citation needed] |
178 | China | Guangxi Normal University | honorary professorship | July 2005[citation needed] |
179 | Mongolia | Mongolian Academy of Sciences Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law | honorary professorship, philosophy | September 2005[citation needed] |
180 | Vietnam | Vietnam National University, Hanoi | honorary doctorate | September 2005[89] |
181 | China | East China University of Science and Technology | honorary professorship | October 2005[citation needed] |
182 | Serbia and Montenegro | Braca Karic University | honorary doctorate | October 2005[citation needed] |
183 | Russia | Academy of Security, Defense, and Law Enforcement | honorary professorship | December 2005[citation needed] |
184 | India | Symbiosis International Educational Centre (Deemed University) | honorary doctorate of literature | December 2005[citation needed] |
185 | Russia | Ural State University | honorary doctorate | January 2006[citation needed] |
186 | Laos | National University of Laos | honorary professorship of humanities | February 2006[citation needed] |
187 | Philippines | Pampanga Agricultural College | honorary doctorate of humanities | March 2006[citation needed] |
188 | China | Hunan University | honorary professorship | April 2006[citation needed] |
189 | Ukraine | National Technical University of Ukraine "KPI" | honorary doctorate | April 2006[citation needed] |
190 | China | East China Normal University | honorary professorship | May 2006[citation needed] |
191 | China | Nanjing Arts Institute | honorary professorship | May 2006[citation needed] |
192 | India | Visva-Bharati | honorary doctorate of literature | May 2006[citation needed] |
193 | China | China Southwest University of Political Science and Law | honorary professorship | June 2006[citation needed] |
194 | United States | Southern Illinois University Carbondale | honorary doctorate of humane letters | June 2006[90] |
195 | United States | Los Angeles Southwest College | honorary professorship | June 2006[citation needed] |
196 | China | Shaoguan University | honorary professorship | June 2006[citation needed] |
197 | Republic of Korea | Dong Shin University | honorary doctorate of public administration | June 2006[citation needed] |
198 | Thailand | Maejo University | honorary doctorate of administration | July 2006[citation needed] |
199 | Brazil | Catholic College of Economic Science of Bahia | honorary doctorate | September 2006[citation needed] |
200 | China | Beijing Normal University | honorary professorship | October 2006[citation needed] |
201 | Philippines | University of Rizal System | honorary doctorate of humanities | 24 November 2006[citation needed] |
202 | China | Dalian University of Technology | honorary professorship | 8 December 2006[citation needed] |
203 | Republic of Korea | Dongju College | honorary professorship | 6 February 2007[citation needed] |
204 | China | Guizhou University | honorary professorship | 26 February 2007[citation needed] |
205 | Russia | Baikal National University of Economics and Law | honorary professorship | 13 March 2007[citation needed] |
206 | Venezuela | Rafael Belloso Chacin University | honorary doctorate | 20 March 2007[citation needed] |
207 | Venezuela | Santa María University | honorary doctorate of law | 20 March 2007[citation needed] |
208 | Italy | University of Palermo | honorary doctorate of communication sciences | 23 March 2007[citation needed] |
209 | Brazil | Brazilian Academy of Philosophy | honorary doctorate | 2 April 2007[78] |
210 | United States | University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee | honorary doctorate of humane letters | 17 April 2007[citation needed] |
211 | China | Harbin Engineering University | honorary professorship | 18 April 2007[citation needed] |
212 | Brazil | Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul | honorary doctorate | 29 April 2007[citation needed] |
213 | China | Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | 5 May 2007[citation needed] |
214 | Taiwan | Southern Taiwan University of Technology | honorary doctorate of engineering | 28 May 2007[citation needed] |
215 | Russia | Russian State University for the Humanities | honorary doctorate | 31 May 2007[citation needed] |
216 | Peru | National University of El Santa | honorary doctorate | 23 June 2007[citation needed] |
217 | Sakha Republic (Russia) | The Yakut State Agricultural Academy | honorary professorship | 4 July 2007[citation needed] |
218 | Russia | Far Eastern State Technical University | honorary professorship | 9 July 2007[citation needed] |
219 | Philippines | University of Southeastern Philippines | honorary doctorate of education | 13 September 2007[citation needed] |
220 | China | Shaanxi Normal University | honorary professorship | 6 October 2007[78] |
221 | Mexico | University of Humanistic Integration | honorary doctorate of human sciences | 8 October 2007[citation needed] |
222 | Brazil | Ingá University (UNINGÁ) | honorary professorship | 10 October 2007[citation needed] |
223 | China | China Youth University for Political Sciences | honorary professorship | 21 October 2007[citation needed] |
224 | Mongolia | Mongolian State University of Education | honorary doctorate | 24 October 2007[citation needed] |
225 | China | Wenzhou Medical College | honorary professorship | 30 November 2007[citation needed] |
226 | China | Shanghai Normal University | honorary professorship | 17 December 2007[citation needed] |
227 | Dominican Republic | Autonomous University of Santo Domingo | honorary doctorate | 19 January 2008[citation needed] |
228 | Taiwan | National Yunlin University of Science and Technology | honorary doctorate of philosophy in management | 21 January 2008[citation needed] |
229 | Philippines | Laguna State Polytechnic University | honorary doctorate of philosophy in humanities | 26 January 2008[citation needed] |
230 | China | Hunan University of Science and Technology | honorary professorship | 1 March 2008[citation needed] |
231 | Kyrgyz Republic | I. Arabaev Kyrgyz State University | honorary doctorate | 21 March 2008[citation needed] |
232 | China | Jiaying University | honorary professorship | 31 March 2008[91] |
233 | Russia | Tula Lev Tolstoy State Pedagogical University | honorary professorship | 2 April 2008[citation needed] |
234 | China | Hebei University | honorary professorship | 13 April 2008[citation needed] |
235 | China | Yan'a University | honorary professorship | 4 May 2008[92] |
236 | China | Eastern Liaoning University | lifetime honorary professorship | 30 May 2008[citation needed] |
237 | China | Changchun University of Technology | honorary professorship | 2 June 2008[citation needed] |
238 | Brazil | Centro Universitário de Goiás | honorary doctorate | 17 June 2008[citation needed] |
239 | Brazil | Centro Universitário Ítalo Brasileiro | honorary doctorate | 20 June 2008[citation needed] |
240 | Philippines | Benguet State University | honorary doctorate of humanities | 10 July 2008[citation needed] |
241 | Taiwan | Chungyu Institute of Technology | honorary professorship | 22 July 2008[citation needed] |
242 | Taiwan | Tainan University of Technology | honorary professorship | 24 July 2008[citation needed] |
243 | Philippines | Ifugao State College of Agriculture and Forestry | hon doc of education in ancient learning, culture and world peace | Sep 2008[citation needed] |
244 | Philippines | Universidad de Manila | hon doc of humanities | Oct 2008[citation needed] |
245 | Mongolia | Mongolian University of Science and Technology | hon doc of humanities | Oct 2008[citation needed] |
246 | China | Dalian University | hon prof | Dec 2008[93] |
247 | Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts | hon prof | Jan 2009[citation needed] |
248 | Malaysia | Open University Malaysia | hon doc of arts (humanities) | Feb 2009[94][95] |
249 | Santa Cruz, Bolivia | University of Aquino-Bolivia (Udabol) | hon doc | Mar 2009[96] |
250 | Denmark | University College South Denmark | honorary doctorate | 21 March 2009[citation needed] |
251 | Republic of Korea | Korea Maritime University | University Professor | 2 April 2009[citation needed] |
252 | Kyrgyzstan | Issyk-Kul State University | hon prof | Apr 2009[citation needed] |
253 | China | Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University | hon prof | Apr 2009[citation needed] |
254 | China | Henan Normal University | hon prof | Apr 2009[citation needed] |
255 | Northern Ireland, UK | Queen's University Belfast | hon doc of laws | May 2009[97] |
256 | China | Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics | hon prof | May 2009[citation needed] |
257 | Philippines | Southern Luzon State University | hon doc of humanities | Jun 2009[citation needed] |
258 | Brazil | Federal University of Rondônia | hon doc | Jul 2009[citation needed] |
259 | Republic of Korea | Hongik University | hon doc of literature | Sep 2009[citation needed] |
260 | Macau, China | Asia International Open University (Macau) | honorary doctorate of philosophy | Sep 2009[citation needed] |
261 | Brazil | Maranhão School of Government | honorary professorship | Sep 2009[citation needed] |
262 | Brazil | Silva e Souza Integrated College | honorary doctorate of architecture and urban engineering | Sep 2009[citation needed] |
263 | Indonesia | Universitas Indonesia | Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy and Peace | Soka University, 10 October 2009[98] |
264 | China | Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering | hon prof | Oct 2009[citation needed] |
265 | China | Dalian Polytechnic University | emeritus prof | Oct 2009[citation needed] |
266 | Sakha Republic, Russia | Yakutsk Teacher-training College No.1 | hon prof | Oct 2009[citation needed] |
267 | China | Southwest Jiaotong University | hon prof | Nov 2009[citation needed] |
268 | China | Xi'an University of Technology | hon prof | Nov 2009[citation needed] |
269 | China | Ningxia University | hon lifetime prof | Nov 2009[citation needed] |
270 | Taiwan | Yu Da University | hon prof | Dec 2009[citation needed] |
271 | Mexico | Enrique Díaz de León University | hon doc | Dec 2009[citation needed] |
272 | China | Xi'an Peihua University | hon prof | Dec 2009[citation needed] |
273 | Guam, USA | Guam Community College | hon prof | Jan 2010[citation needed] |
274 | China | Anhui University of Science and Technology | hon prof | Jan 2010[citation needed] |
275 | Uzbekistan | Institute of Fine Arts, Uzbeki Academy of Sciences | hon doc | Feb 2010[citation needed] |
276 | China | Xi'an International University | hon prof | Feb 2010[citation needed] |
277 | China | Guangdong University of Business Studies | hon prof | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
278 | Aragua, Venezuela | Bicentennial University of Aragua | hon doc of education | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
279 | Aragua, Venezuela | Bicentennial University of Aragua | hon prof | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
280 | China | Xi'an Jiaotong University | hon prof | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
281 | Philippines | Ramon Magsaysay Technological University | centennial hon prof | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
282 | Armenia | Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and Artists | honorary doctorate | Japan, 2 April 2010[99] |
283 | Sichuan, China | Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences | hon prof | Apr 2010[citation needed] |
284 | Xinjiang, China | Xinjiang Medical University | hon prof | Apr 2010[citation needed] |
285 | Guangxi, China | Guangxi Arts Institute | lifetime hon prof | Apr 2010[citation needed] |
286 | Zhejiang, China | Shaoxing University | hon prof | Apr 2010[citation needed] |
287 | Canada | Université Laval | honorary doctorate of education | 4 May 2010[100] |
288 | Beijing, China | Tsinghua University | hon prof | May 2010[citation needed] |
289 | Beijing, China | Beijing City University | hon prof | May 2010[citation needed] |
290 | Zhejiang, China | Ningbo University | hon prof | June 2010[citation needed] |
291 | Zhejiang, China | Zhejiang Ocean University | hon prof | June 2010[citation needed] |
292 | Virginia, USA | George Mason University | hon doc of humane letters | July 2010[101] |
293 | New Taipei, Taiwan | National Taiwan University of Arts | hon prof | July 2010[citation needed] |
294 | Kaohsiung, Taiwan | National University of Kaohsiung | hon prof | July 2010[citation needed] |
295 | Malaysia | University of Malaya | honorary doctorate of humanities | 2 August 2010[102] |
296 | Osh, Kyrgyzstan | Osh Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute | hon prof | August 2010[103] |
297 | Osh, Kyrgyzstan | Osh Agricultural Institute | hon prof | August 2010[103] |
298 | Chile | Universidad Pedro de Valdivia | honorary doctorate | Soka University, 30 August 2010[104] |
299 | Philippines | University of Southern Mindanao | honorary doctorate of humanities | 9 October 2010[citation needed] |
300 | United States | University of Massachusetts Boston | honorary degree | Shinjuku, Tokyo, 18 November 2010[105] |
301 | Amazonas, Brazil | Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas | hon doc | November 2010[citation needed] |
302 | Liaoning, China | Dalian Maritime University | hon prof | December 2010[citation needed] |
303 | São_Paulo, Brazil | São Paulo Metropolitan University | hon prof | December 2010[citation needed] |
304 | Mato Grosso, Brazil | Federal University of Mato Grosso | hon doc | December 2010[106] |
305 | Yunlin County, Taiwan | National Formosa University | hon doc | December 2010[citation needed] |
306 | South Chungcheong, Republic of Korea | Konyang University | hon doc of business administration | December 2010[citation needed] |
307 | Macau | Macao Polytechnic Institute | hon prof | January 2011[citation needed] |
308 | Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz-Russian Academy of Education | hon prof | March 2011[citation needed] |
309 | Taipa, Macau | Macau University of Science and Technology | hon prof | May 2011[citation needed] |
310 | Hainan, China | Hainan Normal University | hon prof | May 2011[citation needed] |
311 | North Chungcheong, Republic of Korea | Chungju National University | hon doc of business administration | July 2011[citation needed] |
312 | Pangasinan, Philippines | Pangasinan State University | hon doc of humanities | July 2011[citation needed] |
313 | Busan, Republic of Korea | Pukyong National University | hon doc of international and area studies | September 2011[citation needed] |
314 | Lusaka, Zambia | University of Zambia | hon doc of laws | September 2011[citation needed] |
315 | Nueva Ecija, Philippines | Central Luzon State University | hon lifetime prof | October 2011[citation needed] |
316 | Jiangxi, China | Jinggangshan University | hon prof | October 2011[citation needed] |
317 | UK | University of Buckingham | Honorary Doctorate of Literature | 25 October 2011[107] |
318 | China | Jimei University | Honorary Professor | 9 November 2011[citation needed] |
319 | Moscow, Russia | Russian State University of Trade and Economics | hon doc | November 2011[citation needed] |
320 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | Termez State University | hon prof | December 2011[citation needed] |
321 | Beijing, China | Central University of Finance and Economics | hon prof | January 2012[citation needed] |
322 | Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan | Bishkek Humanities University | hon doc | March 2012[citation needed] |
323 | Bataan, Philippines | Bataan Peninsula State University | hon doc of humanities | March 2012[citation needed] |
324 | Santa Cruz, Bolivia | Private Technological University of Santa Cruz (Utepsa) | hon doc | March 2012[108] |
325 | Taipei, Taiwan | Taipei College of Maritime Technology | hon prof | April 2012[citation needed] |
326 | Lima, Peru | Technological University of Peru | hon doc | May 2012[citation needed] |
327 | Lima, Peru | Technological University of Peru | professor emeritus, Faculty of Law, Political Science and International Relations | May 2012[citation needed] |
328 | Guizhou, China | Guizhou Normal University | hon prof | May 2012[citation needed] |
329 | Taipei, Taiwan | National Taiwan Normal University | hon prof, College of Arts | June 2012[citation needed] |
330 | Liaoning, China | Bohai University | hon prof | June 2012[citation needed] |
331 | Ontario, Canada | University of Guelph | hon doc of laws | September 2012[109] |
332 | Paraná, Brazil | Dom Bosco College of Higher Education | hon doc | September 2012[citation needed] |
333 | Almaty, Kazakhstan | Al-Farabi Kazakh National University | hon prof | October 2012[citation needed] |
334 | Táchira, Venezuela | National Experimental University of Táchira | hon doc | November 2012[citation needed] |
335 | Pando, Bolivia | Amazonian University of Pando | hon doc | February 2013[citation needed] |
336 | Osh, Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz-Chinese Humanitarian Economic Institute | hon prof | February 2013[citation needed] |
337 | Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines | Nueva Vizcaya State University | hon doc of humanities | March 2013[citation needed] |
338 | South Africa | University of KwaZulu-Natal | Doctor of Social Science honoris causa | Apr 2013[110] |
339 | Bangkok, Thailand | Thammasat University | hon doc of philosophy | August 2013[citation needed] |
340 | Armenia | Yerevan State University | hon doc | September 2013[citation needed] |
341 | Aklan, Philippines | Aklan State University | hon doc of humanities | October 2013[citation needed] |
342 | Liaoning, China | Dalian Art College | hon prof | October 2013[citation needed] |
343 | Peru | Universidad Peruana de las Americas/Peruvian University of the Americas | hon doc | November 2013[citation needed] |
344 | Ulan Bator, Mongolia | University of the Humanities | hon doc of humanities | November 2013[citation needed] |
345 | Moscow, Russia | Pushkin State Russian Language Institute | hon doc | November 2013[citation needed] |
346 | Córdoba, Argentina | National University of Villa María | hon prof extraordinary | February 2014[citation needed] |
347 | Jharkhand, India | Satyendra Narayan Sinha Institute of Business Management | hon prof | March 2014[citation needed] |
348 | Isabel, Philippines | Isabela State University | hon doc of humanities | April 2014[citation needed] |
349 | Tianjin, China | Tianjin Foreign Studies University | hon prof | May 2014[citation needed] |
350 | Lima, Peru | National University of Engineering | hon doc | May 2014[citation needed] |
351 | Heilongjiang, China | Harbin Normal University | hon prof | July 2014[citation needed] |
352 | Sakha Republic, Russia | Yakutsk Teacher-training College | hon prof | September 2014[citation needed] |
353 | Manila, The Philippines | University of the East | hon doc of humanities | September 2014[111] |
Other awards
- United Nations Peace Award (1983, USA)[112][113]
- Rosa Parks Humanitarian Award (1993, USA)[114][115]
- International Tolerance Award from the Simon Wiesenthal Center (1993, Los Angeles, Calif.)[113][115]
- Tagore Peace Award (1997, India)[116]
- Rizal International Peace Award (1998, the Philippines) from the Knights of Rizal[117]
- International Literary Award for Understanding and Friendship (2003, Beijing, China) from the China Literature Foundation and Chinese Writersʼ Association[118]
- Jamnalal Bajaj Award (2005, India) for "Outstanding Contribution in Promotion of Gandhian Values Outside India by Individuals other than Indian Citizens"[119]
- Order of Friendship (2008, Russia)[120]
- Gold Medal for Peace with Justice from the Sydney Peace Foundation (2009, Australia)[121][122]
- Indology Award (2011, India) for "outstanding contribution in the field of Indic research and Oriental wisdom" from Motilal Banarsidass Publishers[123]
- Golden Heart Award (2012, the Philippines) from the Knights of Rizal[124]
- Gandhi International Prize for Social Responsibility (2014, Australia)[125]
Personal life
Ikeda lives in Tokyo with his wife, Kaneko Ikeda (née Kaneko Shiraki, born 1932), whom he married on 3 May 1952. The couple have had three sons, Hiromasa (born 1953; vice president of Soka Gakkai),[126] Shirohisa (1955–1984), and Takahiro (born 1958).
Reception
Ikeda’s work through 2015 earned him a Nobel Peace Prize nomination and the status of “natural successor” to Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., as a global spiritual leader.[127] [128] Yet, the Soka Gakkai movement has been characterized as being centered on a cult of personality around Ikeda.[129][130][131][132][133]
In 1995, Michelle Magee wrote an article in the San Francisco Chronicle titled "Japan Fears Another Religious Sect" in which she said the Soka Gakkai in Japan had been accused of "heavy-handed fund raising and proselytizing, as well as intimidating its foes and trying to grab political power".[134] The article quoted Takashi Shokei, a professor at Meisei University, who called Ikeda "a power-hungry individual who intends to take control of the government and make Soka Gakkai the national religion;" the article also described a videotape made by a disgruntled former Soka Gakkai member in 1993 purportedly showing Ikeda "yelling and pounding on tables in anger and later railing against President Clinton for having refused to meet with him".[134]
In a 2003 interview regarding the wide range of opinions expressed about Ikeda, Lawrence Carter, Dean at Atlanta’s Morehouse College, praised Ikeda as a Japanese reformer, stating: "Controversy" is an inevitable partner of greatness. No one who challenges the established order is free of it. Gandhi had his detractors, as did Dr. King. Dr. Ikeda is no exception. Controversy camouflages the intense resistance of entrenched authority to conceding their special status and privilege. "Insults" are the weapons of the morally weak; "slander" is the tool of the spiritually bereft. Controversy is testament to the noble work of these three individuals (Gandhi, King and Ikeda) in their respective societies."[135][136]
In 1999, Howard French wrote a critical article in the The New York Times about the rise of the New Komeito Party in Japan and its ties to Ikeda and the Soka Gakkai.[40] In response, a letter to the editor by Alfred Balitzer offered a more positive portrayal of Komeito and Soka Gakkai.[137]
Ikeda held multiple meetings with former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega. Noriega repeatedly visited Taiseki-ji and hosted Ikeda on several visits to Panama. Both leaders praised each other's virtues in public statements.[138]: 160 After a 1981 visit, Noriega named a scenic observation point on one of the Causeway Islands at the Pacific approach to the Panama Canal "Mirador Ikeda,"[139] and he presented Ikeda with the Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Friends of Noriega and anonymous American sources have alleged that Ikeda provided him with several million dollars' worth of assistance during the worst part of Noriega's crisis in 1987 and 1988, though Soka Gakkai spokesmen have repeatedly denied this.[140][141]
American Civil Rights pioneer Rosa Parks chose as her favorite photograph one of her meeting with Ikeda in 1993. She explained that:
I can’t think of a more important moment in my life. ... [Ikeda] said this meeting, between the two of us, was very special for him. It was for me, too. In his concern for human rights, Dr. Ikeda is ahead of many people in this century. He is a calm spirit, a humble man, a man of great spiritual enlightenment. We met for about an hour and talked about my life and challenges concerning the youth in our countries. ... Our meeting can serve as a model for anyone. So the photograph of our first meeting is very important because it is history in the making.[142]
Books
Ikeda is a prolific writer, peace activist and interpreter of Nichiren Buddhism.[143] His interests in photography, art, philosophy, poetry and music are reflected in his published works. In his essay collections and dialogues with political, cultural, and educational figures he discusses, among other topics: the transformative value of religion, the universal sanctity of life,[144] social responsibility, and sustainable progress and development.
The 1976 publication of Choose Life: A Dialogue (in Japanese, Nijusseiki e no taiga) is the published record of dialogues and correspondences that began in 1971 between Ikeda and British historian Arnold J. Toynbee about the "convergence of East and West"[145] on contemporary as well as perennial topics ranging from the human condition to the role of religion and the future of human civilization. Toynbee’s 12-volume A Study of History had been translated into Japanese, which along with his lecture tours and periodical articles about social, moral and religious issues gained him popularity in Japan. To an expat's letter critical of Toynbee's association with Ikeda and Soka Gakkai, Toynbee wrote back: “I agree with Soka Gakkai on religion as the most important thing in human life, and on opposition to militarism and war."[146] To another letter critical of Ikeda, Toynbee responded: “Mr. Ikeda’s personality is strong and dynamic and such characters are often controversial. My own feeling for Mr. Ikeda is one of great respect and sympathy.”[147] As of 2012, the book had been translated and published in twenty-six languages.[148]
Ikeda’s children’s stories are “widely read and acclaimed,” according to The Hindu, which reported that an anime series of 14 of the stories was to be shown on the National Geographic Channel.[149][150] In the Philippines, DVD sets of 17 of the animated stories were donated by Anak TV to a large school, as part of a nationwide literacy effort.[151]
In 2003, Japan's largest English-language newspaper, The Japan Times, began carrying periodic essays by Ikeda on global issues including peacebuilding, nuclear disarmament, and compassion. As of 2015, The Japan Times had published 26 essays by Ikeda, 15 of which were also published in a bilingual Japanese-English book titled "Embracing the Future."[152][153]
Human Revolution
Ikeda's most well-known publication is the novel The Human Revolution (Ningen Kakumei), which was serialized in the Soka Gakkai's daily newspaper, the Seikyo Shimbun. In his preface to The Human Revolution, the author describes the book as a "novelized biography of my mentor, Josei Toda."[154]: vii The author's official website, daisakuikeda.org, describes the book as an "historical novel [that] portrays the development of the Soka Gakkai in Japan, from its rebirth in the post-World War II era to the last years of its second president, Josei Toda."[155] In 1978, as the Gakkai entered a dispute with Nichiren Shoshu, the text of Human Revolution was altered in over 40 places.[156] The author writes that "the original narrative has been edited to bring it into line with recent developments in the history of Nichiren Buddhism, with changes and deletions in the presentation of the material" in the preface to the 2004 edition of The Human Revolution.[154]: x
Selected works
- A Dialogue Between East and West: Looking to a Human Revolution (Echoes and Reflections: The Selected Works of Daisaku Ikeda) with Ricardo Diez-Hochleitner, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2008; ISBN 978-1845116002 (Hardback), ISBN 978-1845116002 (Paperback)
- A Lifelong Quest for Peace with Linus Pauling (May 2000), Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1st edition, ISBN 978-0867202786 (Hardback), ISBN 0-86720-277-7 (Paperback); London and New York: I. B. Tauris, Reprint edition 2008; ISBN 978-1845118891
- A Passage to Peace: Global Solutions from East and West with Nur Yalman, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2009; ISBN 9781845119225 (Hardback), ISBN 9781845119232 (Paperback)
- A Quest for Global Peace: Rotblat and Ikeda on War, Ethics, and the Nuclear Threat with Joseph Rotblat, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2006; ISBN 978-1845112790
- A Youthful Diary: One Man's Journey from the Beginning of Faith to Worldwide Leadership for Peace, Santa Monica, California: World Tribune Press, 2006; ISBN 978-1932911190
- America Will Be!: Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy, with Vincent Harding, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Dialogue Path Press, 2013; ISBN 978-1887917100
- Before It Is Too Late with Aurelio Peccei, (1985), Kodansha America, 1st edition, ISBN 978-0870117008; London and New York: I. B. Tauris Reprint edition, 2008; ISBN 978-1845118884
- Buddhism: A Way of Values" with Lokesh Chandra, New Delhi: Eternal Ganges Press, 2009; ISBN 978-81-907191-2-4
- Buddhism: the First Millennium, (1977), Kodansha International, ISBN 9780870113215 (Hardback); Santa Monica, California: Middleway Press, Reprint edition, 2009; ISBN 978-0977924530
- Choose Hope: Your Role in Waging Peace in the Nuclear Age with David Krieger, Santa Monica, California: Middleway Press, 2002; ISBN 0-967-46976-7
- Choose Life: A Dialogue with Arnold J. Toynbee, Richard L. Gage (Editor), (1976), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0192152589; London and New York: I. B. Tauris, Reprint edition, 2008; ISBN 978-1845115951
- Choose Peace: A Dialogue Between Johan Galtung and Daisaku Ikeda with Johan Galtung, London: Pluto Press, 1999; ISBN 978-0745310404
- Compassionate Light in Asia with Jin Yong, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2013; ISBN 978-1848851986
- Creating Waldens: An East-West Conversation on the American Renaissance with Ronald A. Bosco and Joel Myerson, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Dialogue Path Press, 2009; ISBN 978-1887917070
- Dawn After Dark with René Huyghe, (1991), Weatherhill, ISBN 9780834802384; London and New York: I. B. Tauris, Reprint edition, 2008; ISBN 978-1845115968
- Dialogue of World Citizens with Norman Cousins, (tentative translation from Japanese), Sekai shimin no taiwa, 世界市民の対話, Paperback edition, Tokyo, Japan: Seikyo Shimbunsha, 2000; ISBN 978-4412010772
- Discussions on Youth, Santa Monica, California: World Tribune Press, 2010; ISBN 978-1-932911-93-0
- Embracing the Future, Tokyo: The Japan Times, 2008; ISBN 978-4-7890-1316-1
- Fighting for Peace, Berkeley, California: Creative Arts Book Company, 2004; ISBN 0-88739-618-6
- For the Sake of Peace: A Buddhist Perspective for the 21st Century, Santa Monica, California: Middleway Press, 2001; ISBN 978-0967469720
- Glass Children and Other Essays, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1979; ISBN 0-87011-375-5
- Global Civilization: A Buddhist-Islamic Dialogue With Majid Tehranian, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2008; ISBN 978-1860648106
- Human Rights on the 21st Century with Austregesilo de Athayde, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2009; ISBN 978-1845119881
- Human Values in a Changing World: A Dialogue on the Social Role of Religion, with Bryan Wilson. Reprint edition. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2008; ISBN 978-1845115975
- Humanity at the Crossroads: An Intercultural Dialogue with Karan Singh, New Delhi: Oxford University Press India, 1988; ISBN 978-0195622157
- Into Full Flower: Making Peace Cultures Happen with Elise Boulding, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Dialogue Path Press, 2010; ISBN 978-1887917087
- Journey of Life: Selected Poems of Daisaku Ikeda, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2014; ISBN 9781780769691
- Kanta and the Deer (children's book), New York: Weatherhill, 1997; ISBN 978-0834804067
- 'La fuerza de la Esperanza; Reflexiones sobre la paz y los derechos humanos en el tercer milenio' (dialogue between Argentine Nobel Peace laureate Dr. Adolfo Pérez Esquivel and Daisaku Ikeda), Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores,2011; ISBN 9789500434126
Notes
- ^ In Japanese folklore, the tanuki or Japanese raccoon dog is regarded as a sly and deceptive being with shapeshifting powers. The word is still used in contemporary Japanese to refer to slyness and deception. See the definition of tanuki in Kōjien (2nd ed.): 他人を欺くこと。また、そのひと。
References
- ^ "Daisaku Ikeda Profile". Soka University. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
- ^ a b c Dayle Bethel (1974). "The Political Ideology of Ikeda Daisaku, President of Soka Gakkai". International Education. 3 (2).
- ^ Jason Goulath; Takao Ito (2012). "Daisaku Ikeda's Cirriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and 'Human Education' in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship". Curriculum Inquiry. 42 (1).
- ^ a b Editor (3 February 2015). "No More Nukes". Tricycle. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
{{cite news}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ Daniel Métraux (2013). "Soka Gakkai International: Japanese Buddhism on a Global Scale". Virginia Review of Asian Studies.
- ^ a b Clark Strand (Winter 2008). "Faith in Revolution". Triycle. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ Ubrain, Oliver. 2010. Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophy of Peace: Dialogue, Transformation and Global Citizenship. | ISBN = 978-1848853041| Publisher: Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia. p182-184 | Accessed 21 January 2016.
- ^ Watanabe, Teresa (15 March 1996). "Japan's Crusader or Corrupter?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
- ^ Olivier Urbain (2010). Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophy of Peace. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1848853041.
- ^ a b c d e f Seager, Richard Hughes. Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
timeline
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kisala, Robert (2000). Prophets of peace: Pacifism and cultural identity in Japan's new religions. Honolulu, HI, USA: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0824822675.
- ^ Montgomery, Daniel B. (1991). Fire in the lotus: the dynamic Buddhism of Nichiren. London: Mandala. ISBN 978-1852740917, Page 187
- ^ Murata, Kiyoaki (1969). Japan's new Buddhism: an objective account of Soka Gakkai. New York: Weatherhill. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-0834800403.
- ^ Shimada, Hiromi (2008). Sōkagakkai (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shinchōsha. ISBN 978-4106100727.
{{cite book}}
:|format=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ Montgomery, Daniel B. (1991). Fire in the lotus: the dynamic Buddhism of Nichiren. London: Mandala. ISBN 978-1852740917.
- ^ Murata, Japan's New Buddhism: "Recalling this incident in an interview with the author in July 1956, Toda admitted hitting the priest "twice" and said that this was the cause of the extremely unfavorable press his organization then received. . . ."
- ^ "SŌKA GAKKAI". Virginia Commonwealth University. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ Ikeda, Daisaku. "Thoughts on Education for Global Citizenship" (daisakuikeda.org). Teachers College, Columbia University, 13 June 1996
- ^ Ronan Alves Pereira (2008). "The transplantation of Soka Gakkai to Brazil: building "the closest organization to the heart of Ikeda-Sensei"". Japanese Journal of Religious Study.
- ^ Daisaku Ikeda. The New Human Revolution. Vol. 1. World Tribune Press.
- ^ Daniel Métraux (2013). "Soka Gakkai International: The Global Expansion of a Japanese Buddhist Movement". Religion Compass.
- ^ Choy, Lee Khoon (1995). Japan, between myth and reality. Singapore [u.a.]: World Scientific. ISBN 981-02-1865-6.
- ^ Lewis, James R. (2003). Legitimating new religions ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0813533247. "Soka Gakkai ... was not infrequently stereotyped as a brainwashing cult, particularly by anti-cult authors."
- ^ Fujiwara, Hirotatsu (1970). I Denounce Soka Gakkai. Tokyo: Nisshin Hodo. ISBN 9110135502.
- ^ Furukawa, Toshiaki (2000). Karuto to shite no Sōka Gakkai = Ikeda Daisaku (Shohan. ed.). Tokyo: Daisan Shokan. ISBN 978-4807400171.
- ^ Yanatori, Mitsuyoshi (1977). Sōka Gakkai (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai.
- ^ Queen, Christopher S. and Sallie B. King, eds. (1996). Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 365. ISBN 0791428443.
{{cite book}}
:|first=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ http://www.daisakuikeda.org/main/peacebuild/friends/aleksey-n-kosygin.html Aleksey N. Kosygin—Advocate of Peace in the Midst of the Cold War
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=umep6P6dYLAC&dq=Lebron+common&source=gbs_navlinks_s Searching for Spiritual Unity...Can There Be Common Ground? By Robyn E. Lebron
- ^ http://www.sgiquarterly.org/borders2009Apr-1.html Russia—Cultivating the Common Ground of Peace
- ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai ("Conflicts between Komeito and Soka Gakkai"). Asahi Shinsho, Tokyo: May 2007. ISBN 978-4-02-273153-1. p. 114. Template:Ja icon
- ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai, p. 116. Template:Ja icon
- ^ Timeline of Ikeda's life, daisakuikeda.org
- ^ Strand, Clark, "Waking the Buddha", Middleway Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-9779245-6-1. pp. 149–150
- ^ Métraux, Daniel A., "The Dispute Between the Soka Gakkai and the Nichiren Shoshu Priesthood: A Lay Revolution Against a Conservative Clergy", Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 1992, 19/4, pp. 328 and 330
- ^ Wilson, Bryan and Dobbelaere, Kareland, "A Time to Chant: The Soka Gakkai Buddhists in Britain", Clarendon Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-19-827915-0. p. 240
- ^ Mizoguchi, Atsushi: Ikeda Daisaku: Kenryokusha no Kōzō ("Daisaku Ikeda: The structure behind a man with power"). Tokyo: Kōdansha, 2005. ISBN 4-06-256962-0. p. 396 Template:Ja icon
- ^ Taisekiji: Nichiren Shōshū Nyūmon ("An introduction to Nichiren Shōshū"). Fujinomiya, 2002. p. 332 (chronology) and p. 240 Template:Ja icon
- ^ a b Howard W. French, "A Sect's Political Rise Creates Uneasiness in Japan", 14 November 1999. Accessed 19 November 2011.
- ^ Jacqueline I. Stone, "Nichiren's activist heirs: Sōka Gakkai, Risshō Kōsekai, Nipponzan Myōhōji", in Christopher Queen, et al., eds, Action Dharma: New Studies in Engaged Buddhism (London: Routledge Curzon, 2003). Scan (PDF) available here [1].
- ^ Goulah, Jason. 2010. "Daisaku Ikeda's Environmental Ethics of Humanitarian Competition: A Review of His United Nations Peace and Education Proposals." Peace Studies Journal 3:1 (April 2010). Central New York Peace Studies Consortium. p3. ISSN 2151-0806
- ^ "Major Holocaust Exhibit in Japan on Righteous Gentile Chiune Sugihara". Jewish Community of Lithuania. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ Rockefeller, Steven C. "Ethics & the Earth Charter" Interview. Accessed 29 August 2014.
- ^ "The Heart of the Matter: Infusing Sustainability Values in Education" (PDF). Earth Charter Center. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ Rautenstraus, Kent. "Dean Lawrence Carter Communes with Mystics: from Gandhi to King to Ikeda to Holmes" (PDF). Science of Mind (June 2013): 20. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
- ^ "Morehouse College Martin Luther King Jr. International Chapel: Dean of the Chapel". Morehouse College. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
- ^ CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. RES. 844, Recognizing the service and dedication of Dr. Daisaku Ikeda and celebrating his 80th birthday, 110TH, the House of Representatives, State of Illinois, December 5, 2007
- ^ E103 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the House of Representatives, State of Georgia; January 15, 2009
- ^ House Resolution No. 0620C.01, the state of Missouri grant an exceptional honor, the House of Representatives, State of Missouri, 2004
- ^ Bill Status of HR0791, Illinois General Assembly, State of Illinois, October 24, 2007
- ^ Bill Status of HR0797, Illinois General Assembly, State of Illinois, December 23, 2009
- ^ "Office of the City Clerk: Legislative Information Center". Chicago Legistar. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
- ^ "Nobel Peace Prize 2015: PRIO Director's Speculations". PRIO. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
- ^ list of honorary members, Club of Rome.
- ^ Seager, Richard Hughes. 2006. Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press. p120. ISBN 0520245776
- ^ Métraux, Daniel A. 1994. The Soka Gakkai Revolution. Lanham/New York/London: University Press of America. p126. ISBN 0819197335
- ^ Indangasi, Henry. Preface. In Indangasi, Henry and Odari, Masumi, eds. 2001. Daisaku Ikeda and Africa: Reflections by Kenyan Writers. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi Press. pxiii. ISBN 9966-846-49-2.
- ^ Seager 2006, p119.
- ^ Dobbelaere, Karel. “Toward a Pillar Organization?” In Machacek, David and Wilson, Bryan. 2000. Global Citizens: The Soka Gakkai Buddhist Movement in the World. p252. ISBN 0199240396
- ^ Goulah, Jason. “Dialogic Practice in Education.” In Urbain, Olivier. 2013. Daisaku Ikeda and Dialogue for Peace. London/New York: I.B. Tauris. p83. ISBN 9781780765723
- ^ Metraux 1994, p171.
- ^ Seager 2006, p121.
- ^ Goulah, Jason. 2012. "Daisaku Ikeda and Value-Creative Dialogue: A new current in interculturalism and educational philosophy." Educational Philosophy and Theory 44:9 (November 2013). Publisher: Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia. p997-1009. doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00827.x. Accessed 15 June 2014.
- ^ a b Seager 2006, p120.
- ^ Chong Zi and Qin Jize, "Praise for man that called for friendship". China Daily. 9 May 2008. p3.
- ^ "Ikeda was strongly criticized and even received death threats from right-wingers. Ikeda saw peace with China as fundamental to the stability of Asia, and considered the reintegration of China into the international community as vital to world peace. His call and behind-the-scenes efforts helped establish the groundwork for a series of political-level exchanges between China and Japan, culminating in the restoration of diplomatic relations in 1972." Excerpted from Cai Hong, "Books to connect cultures." China Daily. 4 July 2012.
- ^ 南开大学周恩来研究中心 (Zhou Enlai Research Center, Nankai University). 2001. 周恩来与池田大作 (Zhou Enlai and Daisaku Ikeda). 主编王永祥 (Edited by Wang Yongxian). Beijing, China: 中央文献出版社 (Central Literature Publishing House). p2. ISBN 7-5073-0973-8.
- ^ Gan Xianyi. 2013. "Min-On Folk Arts Group’s Performance Tour of China." 7 November. CPAFFC. Accessed 14 June 2014.
- ^ Gao Hui. 2012. "Shaanxi Song and Dance Troupe's Performance Tour in Japan." Voice of Friendship, no. 70. December 2012. p22. ISSN 1000-9582. Accessed 14 June 2014.
- ^ Métraux, Daniel A. 1984. "Soka Gakkai Diplomacy", parts I and II. 11 and 12 July 1984. Asahi Evening News.
- ^ 創価学会の池田名誉会長、海外からの称号300個に
- ^ "Buddhist leader receives honorary degree from UMass Boston in Japan". Office of Communications. UMass Boston News. 23 November 2010. Accessed 3 December 2015.
- ^ http://www.phys.msu.ru/rus/about/sovphys/ISSUES-2006/6(53)-2006/53-5/
- ^ "Honorary Degrees and Titles" (PDF), University of Macau. Accessed 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Four Distinguished Persons Honored by CUHK: Dr. Daisaku Ikeda". Press Release. 16 October 2000.
- ^ "Honorary Degrees". University of Nairobi.
- ^ a b c "Conferral Ceremony". Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ 池田大作教授領受名譽博士學位儀式 [Professor Ikeda receives honorary doctorate, ceremony]. 14 November 1995. Congregations 典禮. University of Macau Publications (澳 大出版品).
- ^ Citation, University of Hong Kong, 2005. Accessed 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Honorary degree awarded U.N. Peace Award winner", University of Delaware Update vol. 19, no. 18, 3 February 2000. Accessed 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Wang Jiangyu names Mr. Daisaku Ikeda as an honorary professor." Beijing Administrative College.
- ^ Press release, University of Sydney, 7 October 2010. Accessed 1 January 2010.
- ^ Press release, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 16 October 2000. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ "RUC and the world", Renmin University of China. Accessed 12 February 2013.
- ^ 潘云鹤校长率团访问日本 ("Zhejiang University President Pan Yunheʼs visit to Japan"). 11 November 2002. News. Office of Zhejiang University. Accessed 16 May 2014.
- ^ 上海财经大学人文学院各系所情况简介: 经济哲学系 (College of Humanities Departmental Briefing: Economic Philosophy Department). Accessed 8 August 2014.
- ^ 我校聘请池田大作先生为名誉教授 Internet Archive of BLCU site. Accessed 15 August 2014.
- ^ "Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội trao tặng Bằng tiến sĩ danh dự cho Tiến sĩ Daisaku Ikeda" (National University, Hanoi awards honorary doctorate degree to Dr. Daisaku Ikeda), 29 September 2005. Accessed 13 August 2014.
- ^ Recommendation of the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters, Southern Illinois University, Board of Trustees, March 9, 2006
- ^ Untitled page, Jiaying University. Accessed 12 February 2013.
- ^ "Yan'an University in Shaanxi, China, Confers Lifetime Professorship", Yan'an University. Accessed 12 February 2013.
- ^ 我校代表团出访日、韩 (Our School Delegation to Japan, South Korea). 23 December 2008.
- ^ "OUM Honours Proponent of World Peace and Humanity". Last updated 1 April 2010. OUM News & Events. Accessed 1 August 2014.
- ^ "OUM Confers Honorary Doctorate to Dr Daisaku Ikeda". 24 February 2010. Bernama Education News Update. Accessed 1 August 2014.
- ^ "Distinguirán al presidente de Soka Gakkai de Japón", El Deber. 5 March 2009. Accessed 31 August 2014.
- ^ "Queen's builds £2.3 million bridge with the Far East". Queen's University, Belfast. Queen's University, Belfast Communications and External Affairs Office. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ^ "Penganugerahan Doctor Honoris Causa untuk Prof. Dr. Daisaku Ikeda".
- ^ "Rector traveled to Japan to present the respective certificates to of honorary doctorate", Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and Artists, reproduced at World News, 26 March 2011.
- ^ "Monsieur Daisaku Ikeda, philosophe bouddhiste japonais, artisan de la paix, auteur et poète", Université Laval. Accessed 1 January 2010.
- ^ http://news.gmu.edu/articles/3392
- ^ "the chancellor conferred an honorary doctorate of humanities to peace activist Dr Daisaku Ikeda", Universiti Malaya.
- ^ a b "Daisaku Ikeda, SGI president, has been honoured Professorship by Osh State University" OSU News. Accessed 4 August 2014.
- ^ "Rector UPV nombra Doctor Honoris Causa al destacado líder pacifista japonés Daisaku Ikeda", Universia, 9 September 2010. Accessed 19 March 2012.
- ^ "Buddhist leader receives honorary degree from UMass Boston in Japan". Office of Communications. UMass Boston News. 23 November 2010. Accessed 27 June 2014.
- ^ "Pedro Pedrossiam recebe título de doutor honoris causa da UFMT" Accessed 4 August 2014.
- ^ "Buckingham delegation visits Japan". Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ^ "Utepsa declara Doctor Honoris Causa a fundador de Soka Gakkai", El Deber. 26 April 2012. Accessed 29 September 2014.
- ^ "U of G President Receives International Awards," The Portico 45:1, p7. Accessed 5 August 2014.
- ^ "Honorary Doctorates" (PDF). UKZNDABA Graduation Special 2013. May 2013. p. 11. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
- ^ "Conferment of the Degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa, upon Dr. Daisaku Ikeda", University of the East News. 29 September 2014. Accessed 29 September 2014.
- ^ "Library of Congress". Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ a b "CASID". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "CASID". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ a b "Daisaku Ikeda's Environmental Ethics of Humanitarian Competition". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "Shihab Ghanem receives Tagore Peace Award". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ Roxas-Mendoza, Psyche. "Daisaku Ikeda—Japanʼs Flowing River of Peace." Philippine Graphic (23 February 1998), pp22-25.
- ^ "Award honours Japanese poet." China Daily, 10 December 2003. p2.
- ^ "Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive". Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation.
- ^ "On the Ceremony of the Order of Friendship: Honorary President of the Society Soka Gakkai Daisaku Ikeda at the Russian Embassy of Japan" (in Russian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation official website. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
- ^ "2009 – Daisaku Ikeda". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "The Guardian". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "Indology Award for Soka Gakkai president Ikeda". The Hindu. New Delhi: Kasturi & Sons Ltd. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- ^ Conferment of Golden Heart Award to Dr. Daisaku Ikeda of Soka Gakkai International, 17 December 2012. Accessed 13 July 2014.
- ^ "The Indian Sub-Continent Times". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ^ "Soka Gakkai Delegation Visits China". Soka Gakkai International. 13 January 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "Who Should Win the Nobel Peace Prize?". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ "Daisaku Ikeda and a global Buddhist movement". DNA India. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ Bluck, Robert (2008). British Buddhism Teachings, Practice and Development. Routledge. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-0415483087.
- ^ Befu, edited by Harumi; Guichard-Anguis, Sylvie (2003). Globalizing Japan : ethnography of the Japanese presence in Asia, Europe, and America (1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0415285667.
{{cite book}}
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has generic name (help) - ^ Harding, edited by John S.; Hori, Victor Sōgen; Soucy, Alexander (2010). Wild geese : Buddhism in Canada. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0773536678.
{{cite book}}
:|first=
has generic name (help) - ^ Métraux, Daniel A. (1994). The Soka Gakkai revolution. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. p. 58. ISBN 978-0819197337.
- ^ Jones, Ken (2003). The new social face of Buddhism : an alternative sociopolitical perspective. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications. pp. 197–198. ISBN 978-0861713653.
- ^ a b Michelle Magee, "Japan Fears Another Religious Sect", San Francisco Chronicle, 27 December 1995. Accessed 6 November 2013.
- ^ Rautenstraus, Kent. "Dean Lawrence Carter Communes with Mystics: from Gandhi to King to Ikeda to Holmes" (PDF). Science of Mind (June 2013): 20. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
- ^ "Morehouse College Martin Luther King Jr. International Chapel: Dean of the Chapel". Morehouse College. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
- ^ Balitzer, Alfred (19 November 1999). "Japanese sect's appeal". The New York Times.
- ^ Métraux, Daniel A. (1994). The Soka Gakkai revolution. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0819197337.
- ^ "Reunion with Panamanian Leader". The Soka Gakkai News. 191–237: 9. 1985.
- ^ Kempe, Frederick (1990). Divorcing the dictator: America's bungled affair with Noriega. London: Tauris. p. 286. ISBN 1-85043-259-7.
- ^ Tsurumi, Yoshihiro (1994). Amerikagoroshi no chōhassō: "dorei" Nihon yo, me o samase! seido hirō o sugu tadase!. Tokyo: Tokuma Shoten. ISBN 4198501653.
- ^ Kismaric, Carole and Heiferman, Marvin. Talking Pictures: People Speak about the Photographs that Speak to Them. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994. ISBN 978-0-8118-0382-3. Pp. 198–199
- ^ Chilson, Clark. 2014. "Cultivating Charisma: Ikeda Daisaku’s Self Presentations and Transformational Leadership." Journal of Global Buddhism vol 15 (2014):65–78. p67. ISSN 1527-6457 (online)
- ^ "Stop the Killing", The World is Yours to Change, [by Daisaku Ikeda, Asahi Press, Tokyo, 2002]. Accessed 29 April 2013.
- ^ McNeill, William H. 1989. Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. p273. ISBN 0195058631
- ^ Qtd. in McNeill 1989, pp272-273.
- ^ Qtd. in McNeill 1989, p273.
- ^ Goulah Jason, Ito Takao (2012). "Daisaku Ikeda's Curriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and 'Human Education' in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship". Curriculum Inquiry. 42 (1): 65. doi:10.1111/j.1467-873X.2011.00572.x.
- ^ Educating kids through animated films, The Hindu
- ^ Chinese Part 1 – Dr. Daisaku Ikeda's animation stories – Malaysia ntv7
- ^ Riain, Alfonso (24 September 2015). "Values education through animé". SunStar. Philippines. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ "Author Daisaku Ikeda". The Japan Times. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ "Embracing the Future". The Japan Times. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ a b Ikeda, Daisaku (2004). The Human Revolution. Santa Monica, California: World Tribune Press. ISBN 0-915678-77-2.
- ^ Daisaku Ikeda Website Committee, "The Human Revolution Vol. 1–6"
- ^ Wajō, Shichiri (1994). Ikeda Daisaku gensō no yabō: shōsetsu "Ningen kakumei" hihan (Shohan. ed.). Tokyo: Shin Nihon Shuppansha. pp. 212–3. ISBN 4406022309.
第四十七刷で四十余箇所にわたる改訂を行ってる。しかし奇異なことに、これだけの改訂を行いながら、第四十七刷は改訂版とされていない。・・・受付嬢は、こう断言した。「小説『人間革命』には改訂版はありません。定価が変わっているだけです。」
Further reading
- Seager, Richard: Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Sōka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhism. University of California Press, 2006.
External links
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- 1928 births
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