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Super Cassettes Industries Private Limited
T-Series
Company typePrivate
IndustryEntertainment
Founded11 July 1983; 41 years ago (1983-07-11) in Delhi, India[1]
FounderGulshan Kumar
Headquarters
Noida
,
India[2]
Key people
Bhushan Kumar (Chairman, Managing Director)
Krishan Kumar
Neeraj Kalyan (President)[3]
Services
Owner
YouTube information
Channel
Years active2006 – present
Genres
Subscribers170 million[4]
(February 2021)
Total views141 billion[4]
(February 2021)
100,000 subscribers2011
1,000,000 subscribers2013
10,000,000 subscribers2016
50,000,000 subscribers2018
100,000,000 subscribers2019
Last updated: January 25, 2021
WebsiteT-Series.com

Super Cassettes Industries Private Limited, doing business as T-Series,[note 1][1][2] is an Indian music record label and film production company founded by Gulshan Kumar in 1983.[6] It is primarily known for Bollywood music soundtracks[6] and Indi-pop music.[7] As of 2014, T-Series is India's largest music record label, with up to a 35% share of the Indian music market, followed by Sony Music India and Zee Music.[8] T-Series also owns and operates the most-viewed and most-subscribed channel on YouTube, with 170 million subscribers[9] and over 141 billion views as of February 2021.[10] While best known as a music label, T-Series has also had some moderate success as a film production company.

Kumar, initially a fruit juice seller in Delhi, founded T-Series to sell pirated Bollywood songs before the company eventually began producing new music. Their breakthrough came with the soundtrack for the 1988 Bollywood blockbuster Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, composed by Anand-Milind, written by Majrooh Sultanpuri, and starring Aamir Khan and Juhi Chawla, which became one of the best-selling Indian music albums of the 1980s, with over 8 million sales. They eventually became a leading music label with the release of Aashiqui (1990), composed by Nadeem–Shravan, which sold 20 million copies and became the best-selling Indian soundtrack album of all time.[11] However, Gulshan Kumar was murdered by the Mumbai mafia syndicate D-Company in 1997. Since then, T-Series has been led by his son Bhushan Kumar and younger brother Krishan Kumar.

On YouTube, T-Series has a multi-channel network, with 30 channels (including Lahari Music) that have more than 184 million subscribers as of July 2019. The company's YouTube team consists of 13 people at the T-Series headquarters.[12] The company's main T-Series channel on YouTube primarily shows music videos as well as film trailers. It became the most-viewed YouTube channel in January 2017.[13] The T-Series channel primarily features content in the Hindi language, and occasionally several other languages including Urdu, Punjabi, English, Portuguese and Spanish. T-Series also have other channels dedicated to content in several Indian languages including Punjabi, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Marathi and Rajasthani.

History

T-Series was founded on 11 July 1983,[14] by Gulshan Kumar,[15] at the time a fruit juice seller in the Daryaganj neighbourhood of Delhi.[16] The company initially sold pirated Bollywood songs, prior to releasing original music.[17][18][19] Back then, the Indian audio cassette market was small-scale, with widespread piracy, but there was growing demand for cassette music. According to Rediff, while Kumar "was involved in piracy, he was passionately market- and consumer-driven."[20] The company also took advantage of loopholes in copyright law allowing for the release of cover versions of songs, which T-Series would then flood the market with.[21] Researchers Lawrence Liang and Ravi Sundaram wrote:

T-Series was a profoundly disruptive force in the Indian music market, in large part because it was a tremendously successful pirate. The company built its catalog through a variety of quasi-legal and illegal practices ... [T-Series] engaged in more straightforward copyright infringement in the form of pirate releases of popular hits, and it often illegally obtained film scores before the release of the film to ensure that its recordings were the first to hit the market.[21]

Krishan Kumar (left) and CEO Bhushan Kumar (right), the brother and son of Gulshan Kumar, respectively, during the audio release of Aashiqui 2 (2013)

Kumar discovered that there was also a market for devotional music, and began recording and selling it. Kumar noticed that many elderly Hindu followers could not read hymns and chants because of failing eyesight, so Kumar hired singers to record the chants and sold them as cheap cassettes. Later, he filmed major Hindu pilgrimages in India and sold them on VHS and video cassette tapes.[22]

T-Series' first original film soundtrack release was for Lallu Ram in 1984, with music scored by Ravindra Jain.[citation needed] The company's breakthrough came when it released the soundtrack for the 1988 Bollywood blockbuster Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (also known as QSQT),[23] directed by Mansoor Khan and starring Aamir Khan and Juhi Chawla. The Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak soundtrack, composed by Anand-Milind and written by Majrooh Sultanpuri, became the best-selling Indian soundtrack album of 1988 and one of the best-selling Indian soundtrack albums of the 1980s,[24] with more than 8 million units sold.[25] The biggest hit song from the album was "Papa Kehte Hain", sung by Udit Narayan and picturised on Aamir Khan.[26][27] T-Series founder Gulshan Kumar soon played a key role in Bollywood's cassette boom of the late 1980s with his affordable T-Series albums.[28]

T-Series later became a leading music label with the release of Aashiqui (1990),[17] directed by Mahesh Bhatt. The Aashiqui film soundtrack album, composed by the duo Nadeem–Shravan, sold 20 million units in India,[29] and is the best-selling Bollywood soundtrack album of all time.[11] A cover version of "Dheere Dheere" from Aashiqui was later sung by Yo Yo Honey Singh and released by T-Series in 2015.

T-Series was largely responsible for sparking a boom for the Indian music industry in the early 1990s.[25] Many of the best-selling Bollywood music albums of the 1990s, particularly those composed by Nadeem–Shravan, were released under the T-Series label.[11] Besides music production, the company also began venturing into film production.[30] The annual earnings of T-Series grew from ₹20 crore ($16 million) in 1985 to ₹200 crore ($88 million) in 1991,[31][32] and by 1997 had reached ₹500 crore[33] ($140 million).[34]

In 1997, T-Series founder Gulshan Kumar was murdered by the Mumbai mafia syndicate D-Company.[33] His assassination also led to T-Series losing its most prolific musicians at the time, Nadeem–Shravan, due to Nadeem Akhtar Saifi initially being accused of involvement in the murder, before later being exonerated.[35][36][37] After Gulshan Kumar's death in 1997, the company has since been led by his son Bhushan Kumar,[38] with the help of Gulshan's younger brother Krishan Kumar.

As a film production company, T-Series has had some moderate success. The highest-grossing T-Series film production to date is the critically acclaimed sleeper hit Hindi Medium (2017), written by Zeenat Lakhani, directed by Saket Chaudhary, and starring Irrfan Khan and Saba Qamar.[39] It grossed ₹322.4 crore ($44 million) worldwide,[40] with $34 million in China alone,[41] becoming one of the top 20 highest-grossing Indian films of all time.[42] One of the most expensive Indian films will be T-Series's Saaho,[43] a sci-fi thriller with a production budget of ₹300 crore (equivalent to ₹373 crore or US$45 million in 2023), scheduled for release in 2019.[44][45] T-Series is also producing a biopic film based on the life of its founder Gulshan Kumar, called Mogul, which is currently under production and is scheduled for release in 2019.[citation needed]

YouTube presence

See also: PewDiePie vs T-Series

T-Series joined YouTube on 13 March 2006, but only started uploading videos in late 2010. Under this channel, T-Series primarily shows music videos and film trailers. By July 2013, it had crossed 1 billion views, becoming the second Indian YouTube channel to cross the milestone after Rajshri Productions.[46] In January 2017, T-Series surpassed PewDiePie to become the world's most-viewed YouTube channel,[47][13][48][49] and as of December 2019 it has over 92 billion views.[50] The T-Series YouTube channel is run by a team of 13 people at the T-Series headquarters.[12]

As of December 2020, T-Series has exceeded 164 million subscribers, making it the most-subscribed YouTube channel, exceeding the second-placed PewDiePie by 56 million. When it reached 50 million subscribers, the channel received a Custom Ruby Play Button on 10 September 2018.[51] It is also the second channel ever to hit 70 million subscribers.[10] It became the first channel on 29 May 2019 to hit 100 million subscribers. On average, T-Series earns approximately one million subscribers every ten days.[52][53]

T-Series channel also owns a multi-channel network, with 29 channels[3](excluding Lahari Music), which include YouTube channels such as T-Series Tamil, T-Series Telugu,[54] Bollywood Classics,[55] T-Series Kids Hut, T-Series Apna Punjab, T-Series Kannada, Shabad Gurbani, Health And Fitness, T-Series Bhakti Sagar (mainly dedicated to Hindu devotional music, and to a lesser extent Jain, Sikh, Muslim, Buddhist and Christian), Pop Chartbusters, T-Series Malayalam, T-Series Classics, T-Series Regional, hamaarbhojpuri, T-Series Gujarati, T-Series Marathi, T-Series Bhavageethegalu & Folk, Bhakti Sagar Telugu, Bhakti Sagar Tamil, Bhakti Sagar Malayalam, T-Series Bhakti Marathi, Bhakti Sagar Kannada, T-Series Islamic Music, T-Series Kids Hut-Portuguese Fairy Tales, T-Series Haryanvi, T-Series Kids Hut-Telugu Kathalu, T-Series Kids Hut-Cuentos en Español and T-Series Kids Hut Tamil. On top of this, seven of their channels are among the top 100 most-subscribed channels in India, including T-Series, Bhakti Sagar, Apna Punjab, Pop Chartbusters, Bollywood Classics, T-Series Regional, Lahari Music.[56] T-Series' 29 channels accumulated a total of more than 184 million YouTube subscribers as of July 2019. During January–July 2018, T-Series earned an income of ₹720 crore (equivalent to ₹895 crore or US$110 million in 2023) from YouTube.[54] Online revenue contributes to at least 60% of the company's overall revenue.[57]

The most popular song on the T-Series channel is "Dilbar" (2018),[58] an updated version of a 1999 song from Sirf Tum originally composed by Nadeem–Shravan, reinvisioned by Tanishk Bagchi with Middle-Eastern musical influences,[59] and a music video featuring Arabic belly dancing from Moroccan-Canadian dancer Nora Fatehi.[60] It has become one of the most popular Bollywood music videos of all time,[61] with its international success inspiring an Arabic language version released by T-Series, also featuring Nora Fatehi. "Dilbar" is popular across Southern Asia and the Arab world, with all versions of the song having received more than 1 billion views on YouTube.[62] The most popular T-Series artist on YouTube is Punjabi language artist Guru Randhawa, whose song "Lahore" (2017) crossed 700 million views on YouTube.[63] "Slowly Slowly", Guru Randhawa's collaboration with American rapper Pitbull released by T-Series, received 38 million views within a day, becoming one of the most-viewed music videos in 24 hours.[64]

The growth of T-Series' YouTube channel has been attributed to India's emerging online population. India currently has 500 million Internet users and this number is expected to grow rapidly.[65] A major breakthrough in India's Internet growth came in September 2016 with the advent of 4G network Reliance Jio, offering data at very low costs.[15] India has since emerged as the world's second-largest online population (behind China, where YouTube is blocked), with YouTube alone having over 225 million monthly Indian users. India's high demand for YouTube content and the lack of local content creators has contributed significantly to the rapid growth of T-Series.[66]

The growth of T-Series is also attributed to its growing audience outside of India.[15] About 40% of the channel's traffic comes from outside of India,[3] including 12% from the United States.[15] The majority of the channel's overseas viewers belong to the global South Asian diaspora. More recently, the channel's overseas viewership has increased further, as a result of attention and controversy drawn to the channel by foreign YouTubers such as PewDiePie and MrBeast.[3] On 22 February 2019 at 6:04 AM, T-Series surpassed PewDiePie for the first time to become the most-subscribed YouTube channel, with PewDiePie regaining the spot 8 minutes later. T-Series overtook PewDiePie in a similar manner many more times over the following weeks, and on 27 March, finally gained and maintained, until 1 April, the top spot by a fluctuating, but overall growing, margin.[67][68]

In November 2007, T-Series filed a lawsuit against YouTube for infringing on the copyright of its music by allowing users to upload videos of its music onto YouTube, which could be accessed for free, and obtained an interim order against YouTube from the Delhi High Court, which restrained YouTube from infringing on its copyrights.[69][70] T-Series and YouTube settled out of court in January 2011.[70]

In April 2019, after PewDiePie released two diss tracks against T-Series, "Congratulations" and "Bitch Lasagna", T-Series filed a complaint with the Delhi High Court to have the songs removed from YouTube, arguing that they were "defamatory, disparaging, insulting, and offensive". Despite Kjellberg's statement that these diss tracks were "done in good fun", the court issued a temporary injunction in favour of T-Series on 8 April 2019 and access to the diss tracks on YouTube was blocked in India.[71][72] In August 2019, it was reported that T-Series and PewDiePie had settled their legal disputes outside of court.[73]

List of artists

The following notable musical artists have worked with T-Series and/or had music released under the T-Series label:

Production filmography

Main article: T-Series filmography

Soundtrack discography

This is a list of soundtrack albums that were published under the T-Series label, excluding films that were also produced by T-Series (see Production filmography above).

Hindi cinema

Year Film
1984 Lallu Ram
1988 Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak
1989 Tridev
1990 Dil
1991 Sadak
1995 Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (unofficial)[20]
1999 Sirf Tum
Vaastav: The Reality
1999 Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam
2000 Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai
2002 Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge
2003 Tere Naam
Jism 2
Saaya
2004 Main Hoon Na
Swades
2005 Home Delivery: Aapko... Ghar Tak
2006 Krrish
Lage Raho Munna Bhai
Pyaar Ke Side Effects
Jaan-E-Mann
2007 Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love
Om Shanti Om
Heyy Babyy
Taare Zameen Par
Return of Hanuman
2008 Yuvvraaj
Ghajini
Golmaal Returns
2009 3 Idiots
2010 Tees Maar Khan
Break Ke Baad
Golmaal 3
2011 Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji
Ra.One
Dum Maaro Dum
Yamla Pagla Deewana
Bodyguard
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
Desi Boyz
Rockstar
Force
2012 Ferrari Ki Sawaari
Agent Vinod
Housefull 2
Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi
Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1
Jodi Breakers
Dangerous Ishhq
Bol Bachchan
2013 Ishkq in Paris
Krrish 3
Chennai Express
Chashme Baddoor
2014 Yaariyan
Shaadi Ke Side Effects
Ragini MMS 2
Heropanti
Happy New Year
Main Tera Hero
Fugly
PK
2015 Dil Dhadakne Do
Prem Ratan Dhan Payo
2016 Baaghi
M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story
Dishoom
Mohenjo Daro
2017 Kaabil
Badrinath Ki Dulhania
Machine
Golmaal Again
Judwaa 2
Mubarakan
Lucknow Central
2018 Phir Se...
Nanu Ki Jaanu
Nawabzaade
Baaghi 2
Badhaai Ho
FryDay
The Dark Side of Life: Mumbai City
Zero
Loveyatri
Simmba
2019 72 Hours: Martyr Who Never Died
Amavas
Luka Chuppi
Notebook
Junglee


Malayalam cinema

T-Series collaborated with Lahari Music.

Year Film
2019 Mamangam

Tamil cinema

T-Series collaborated with Lahari Music, Big Music and other prominent labels.

Year Film
1985 Nanban
1986 Uyire Unakkaga
1986 Aayiram Pookkal Malarattum
1986 Mannukkul Vairam
1986 Vaira Vizha
1987 Poo Mazhai Pozhiyuthu
1987 Raja Mariyadhai
1987 Velicham
1987 Ananda Aradhanai
1987 Poo Poova Poothirukku
1987 Yettikku Potti
1987 Oru Thayin Sabhatham
1987 Aankalai Nambathey
1987 Kizhakku Africavil Sheela
1987 Mangai Oru Gangai
1987 Parisam Pottachu
1987 Kavithai Paada Neramillai
1987 Pombala Manasu
1988 Kan Simittum Neram
1988 Kunguma Kodu
1988 En Thangai Kalyani
1988 Ovvoru Poovukkum Oru Vaasam
1988 Aathi Thalam
1988 Oorai Therinjukitten
1988 Uzhaithu Vaazha Vendum
1989 Solaikuyil
1989 Rasathi Kalyanam
1990 Enakkoru Neethi
1991 Nanbargal
1993 Amaravathi
1997 Minsara Kanavu
1997 Devathai
1997 Ratchagan
2000 Kadhal Rojave
2007 Kireedam
2007 Marudhamalai
2007 Kattradhu Thamizh
2007 Thavam
2007 Vilaiyattu
2007 Kannamoochi Yenada
2007 Machakaaran
2008 Sila Nerangalil
2008 Chakkara Viyugam
2008 Sandai
2008 Uliyin Osai
2008 Kuselan
2008 Poi Solla Porom
2012 Saguni
2012 Naan
2012 Pandi Oliperukki Nilayam
2013 Alex Pandian
2013 David
2013 Therodum Veedhiyile
2015 Sagaptham
2015 Baahubali: The Beginning
2015 Sakalakala Vallavan
2015 Masala Padam
2015 Inji Iduppazhagi
2016 Irudhi Suttru
2016 Oru Nodiyil
2016 Kalam
2016 Idhu Namma Aalu
2016 Raja Manthiri
2016 Thodari
2016 Meen Kuzhambum Mann Paanaiyum
2016 Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan
2016 Virugam
2016 Kadhali Kanavillai
2017 Bairavaa
2017 Bruce Lee
2017 Baahubali: The Conclusion
2017 Dhayam
2017 Yaar Ivan
2017 Aval
2017 Ulkuthu
2018 Vishwaroopam II
2018 Kee
2018 Kaatrin Mozhi
2018 Thittam Poattu Thirudura Kootam
2018 K.G.F: Chapter 1
2019 Viswasam
2019 Ayogya
2019 Kee
2019 Thittam Poattu Thirudura Kootam
2019 Capmaari
2019 Hero
2019 Thambi
2020 Pattas
2020 Ka Pae Ranasingam
2020 Laabam
2020 Dikkilona
2020 Chakra
2020 Friendship
2020 Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban

Telugu cinema

T-Series collaborated with Lahari Music.

Year Film
1987 Majnu
Premalokam
Swayamkrushi
Chakravarthy
Srinivasa Kalyanam
Trimurtulu
1988 Muthyamantha Muddu
Brahmarshi Vishwamitra
1989 Vichitra Sodarulu
1990 Lorry Driver
Muddula Menalludu
Nari Nari Naduma Murari
Shanthi Kranthi
1991 Gang Leader
Rowdy Alludu
Jaitra Yatra
1992 Rowdy Inspector
Donga Polics
Gharana Mogudu
Roja (Dubbed version)
Chinna Rayudu
Sundarakanda
Peddarikam
Chamanthi (Dubbed version)
Aapathbandavudu
1993 Mugguru Monagallu
Mechanic Alludu
Gentleman (Dubbed versionJ
1994 Indhu
Nippu Ravva
Aswamedham
Abbayigaru
1995 Antham
Brahma
Gaayam
Nippu Ravva
Allari Alludu
Seetharathnam Gari Abbayi
Muta Mestri
Rowdy Gaari Pellam
Bangaru Bullodu
Kondapalli Raja
Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu
Pokiri Raja
Kshana Kshanam
Premikudu (Dubbed version)
Money
Indira (Dubbed version)
Orey Rikshaw
Allari Mogudu
1996 Bombay Priyudu
Pelli Sandadi
Hitler
Mr. Romeo (Dubbed version)
Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi
1997 Gokulamlo Seetha
Master
1998 Tholi Prema
Sriramulayya
1999 Hallo My Dear Monishaa (Dubbed version)
2009 Vengamamba
Billa
2013 1:Nenokkadine
2014 Legend
Race Gurram
Premalo ABC
Aagadu
Joru
2015 Gopala Gopala
Yevade Subramanyam
Dohchay
Rudramadevi
Bhale Bhale Magadivoy
Lion
Asura
Baahubali: The Beginning
Akhil
Size Zero
2016 Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha
Sarrainodu
Chuttalabbayi
Parvathipuram
Majnu
Attack
Guntur Talkies
Srirastu Subhamastu
Jaguar
Hyper
Janatha Garage
2017 Khaidi No. 150
Gautamiputra Satakarni
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion
Guru
Om Namo Venkatesaya
Veedevadu
Poraatam
Agent Bhairavaa (Dubbed version)
2018 Rangasthalam
Bharat Ane Nenu
Krishnarjuna Yudham
Savyasachi
Amar Akbar Antony
2019 Vinaya Vidheya Rama
Sita
Dear Comrade
Arjun Suravaram
Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy
Prati Roju Pandage
2020 Sarileru Neekevvaru
Disco Raja
30 Rojullo Preminchadam Ela
2021 Red

International

Year Film
2008 Slumdog Millionaire: Music from the Motion Picture

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "T" is an abbreviation for trishula – the trident of Hindu god Shiva.[5]

References

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