SAIC Motor
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![]() SAIC Building, which is the administration headquarters, Jing'an District. | |||||||
Native name | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | ||||||
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Company type | State-owned | ||||||
SSE: 600104 | |||||||
Industry | Automotive | ||||||
Founded |
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Headquarters | , China | ||||||
Area served | Worldwide | ||||||
Key people | |||||||
Products | Automobiles, commercial vehicles | ||||||
Production output | 5,400,000 units (2021)[1] | ||||||
Revenue | CN¥ 796,180,000,000 billion (2020) [2] | ||||||
CN¥ 20,431,037,480 (2020) | |||||||
Total assets | CN¥ 919,414,755,790 (2020) | ||||||
Number of employees | 204,815 (2020) | ||||||
Parent | Shanghai's State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (71.2%)[3] | ||||||
Divisions | |||||||
Subsidiaries | List
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Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 上海汽車集團股份有限公司 | ||||||
Literal meaning | Shanghai Automotive Group Joint-stock Limited Corporation | ||||||
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Abbreviation | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 上汽集团 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 上汽集團 | ||||||
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Website | www |
SAIC Motor Corp., Ltd. (formerly Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Anting, Shanghai. Founded in 1955,[4] it is currently the largest of the "Big Four" state-owned car manufacturers of China, namely: SAIC Motor, FAW Group, Dongfeng Motor Corporation, and Changan Automobile, with car sales of 5.37 million, 3.50 million, 3.28 million and 2.30 million in 2021 respectively.[5]
The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Feifan, IM, Maxus, MG, Roewe, Baojun (under SGMW), Wuling (under SGMW), as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as SAIC-Volkswagen (Volkswagen, Skoda, Audi) and SAIC-General Motors (Buick, Chevrolet, Cadillac). In 2021, domestic-branded cars took 52% of sales.[6][7] It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings, including dedicated EV brands such as Feifan and IM.
It is currently a Fortune Global 100 company, ranked 60 on the list.[when?] Including SGMW, it is also the third largest plug-in electric vehicle (BEV and PHEV) company and second largest BEV company in the world, with 10.5% and 13% global market share respectively in 2021, selling under brand names such as Wuling, Baojun, Maxus, MG, Roewe and Feifan.[8]
SAIC traces its origins to the early years of the Chinese automobile industry in the 1940s, and SAIC was one of the few carmakers in Mao's China, making the Shanghai SH760.[9] Currently, it participates in the oldest surviving sino-foreign car making joint venture, with Volkswagen, and in addition has had a joint venture with General Motors since 1998. SAIC products sell under a variety of brand names, including those of its joint venture partners. Two notable brands owned by SAIC itself are MG, a historic British car marque, and Roewe.
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Shanghai_1964_%2814677829658%29.jpg/220px-Shanghai_1964_%2814677829658%29.jpg)
Origins to 2000
Although it has a long history, originating from an automobile assembly factory established in Shanghai sometime around World War II, SAIC, unlike domestic rivals FAW Group and Dongfeng Motors, has only recently attained a position of prominence in the Chinese vehicle industry.[10] A small company in the 1970s,[11] SAIC owes its rise to more than an increase in domestic demand for passenger vehicles.[citation needed] A cooperative agreement made with Volkswagen in 1984[12] followed by the formal establishment of Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive Co Ltd in March 1985[13] allowed it to produce competitive cars with foreign technology. Early success at SAIC may also be a result of guidance provided by local Shanghai authorities; at one time SAIC was simply an extension of the Shanghai Municipal government.[14] For these two reasons and more, SAIC grew swiftly. In the 11 years leading to 1996, annual production capacity increased ten-fold to 300,000 units/year, and the company established itself as one of the leading Chinese automakers.[15]
During this period, SAIC effectively built an entire modern automotive component supply chain in Shanghai from scratch,[16] and the number and quality of locally produced auto parts rose significantly.[17] Cars that were previously assembled in China from knock-down kits provisioned by Volkswagen[18] became products built from parts produced in Shanghai,[19] and between 1990 and 1996 the city more than doubled its contribution to the national output of automotive components.[17] In 1987, the only local parts used in one car, the Volkswagen Santana, were tires, radio, and antenna,[20] but by 1998 over 90% of the components used in its manufacture were locally sourced.[19] A goal set by the Shanghai Municipal government,[14] creation of a local parts industry is an example of the influence that the local government has had on the development of SAIC.
In June 1997, SAIC formed a second major joint venture, Shanghai General Motors Co Ltd, with General Motors.[13][21] The new joint venture began operations in 1998, and helped to drive a doubling in SAIC's vehicle production between 2000 and 2004.[22] Initially partnering with foreign automakers, creating joint ventures with component suppliers, such as the American Visteon,[23] may now help underpin SAIC success.[citation needed]
2000 to 2010
At the start of the 2000s, SAIC made several acquisitions in Korea. In 2002 it participated in GM's purchase of Korean automaker Daewoo, acquiring a 10% stake in the newly formed GM Daewoo company for US$59.7 million,[24] and in 2004 it also assumed control of an ailing South Korean automaker, SsangYong Motor, paying US$500 million for 48.9% ownership of the company.[25] Around this time SAIC created a new holding company for its subsidiaries employed in passenger car production, Shanghai Automotive Group.[26]
In the middle of the decade, SAIC attempted to acquire the British automaker MG Rover, but in 2005 was outbid by another Chinese automaker, Nanjing Automobile.[27] SAIC did manage to obtain some MG Rover technology that was incorporated into a new line of luxury sedans sold under the Roewe marque,[28] and it subsequently purchased the winning bidder.[29]
While the company saw sales success in the late 2000s, with 2.72 million vehicles sold in 2009,[30] its 2004 purchase of an ownership stake in a Korean SUV-maker, Ssangyong, soured. In January 2009, after an additional US$45 million was provided to it by SAIC, SsangYong Motor Company was placed into receivership in Korea.[31] Courts might have mandated SAIC reduce its ownership, and by 2010 a 51.33% share of the Korean company had become a 10% one.[32] The 2009 Ssangyong failure also saw riot police quell protesting Ssangyong workers who staged a 77-day-long sit in.[33] SAIC may have benefitted from exposure to some technology from Mercedes that Ssangyong controlled during this time.[34][35]
2010 to present
In 2010, SAIC produced 3.58 million units, the largest output of any China-based automaker that year.[36]
In June 2010, Magneti Marelli and Shanghai Automobile Gear Works (SAGW) officially launched a new joint venture plant in the Jiading district near Shanghai, China. SAGW, the main Chinese manufacturer of transmissions for the automotive sector, is a subsidiary of SAIC Motor.
In February 2011, SAIC unveiled a new commercial vehicles marque, Maxus.[37]
On 13 April 2011, vehicle assembly resumed at the MG Motor UK Longbridge plant as the first MG 6 to be produced in the United Kingdom came off the production line,[38] but ended in 2016 when SAIC moved production to China.[39] it retained a technical subsidiary SAIC Motor UK on site until 2019.
In 2011, SAIC produced 3.97 million vehicles, the largest output of any China-based automaker that year.[40]
In June 2012, SAIC's United States-based subsidiary Shanghai Automotive Industries Corp USA, Inc. opened a new North American Operations Center in Birmingham, Michigan.[41][42][43] The opening ceremony was attended by Rick Snyder, Governor of Michigan, Oakland County Executive L. Brooks Patterson, and senior executives from General Motors and SAIC Motor.[43] The 30,000-square-foot, three-story facility will house nearly 100 staff and focus on sourcing components.[41]
In 2012, SAIC retained its top spot among domestic rivals by producing around 3.5 million units.[44]
Mergers and company name-changes
The present-day SAIC is the product of numerous mergers and corporate re-structurings. Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Components Company was founded in December 1955.[13] In March 1958, Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Components Company and Shanghai Powertrain Equipment Manufacturing Company were merged into Shanghai Powertrain Machinery Manufacturing Company.[13] In January 1960, Shanghai Powertrain Machinery Manufacturing Company was renamed Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Company.[13] In April 1969, Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Company was renamed Shanghai Tractor Industry Company. Shanghai Automobile & Tractor Company was established in July 1984.[13] In March 1990, Shanghai Automobile & Tractor Company was renamed Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation.[13] Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp (Group) was founded in September 1995.[13]
Marques
SAIC sells vehicles under a variety of brands. Brand names that are exclusive to SAIC include Maxus,[45] MG,[46] Roewe,[46] and Yuejin.[47] Products produced by SAIC joint venture companies are sold under marques including Baojun,[48] Buick,[49] Chevrolet,[49] Cadillac,[49] Iveco,[47] Škoda,[50] Volkswagen,[50] Audi,[50][51] and Wuling.[52][53]
Maxus
Maxus was formed in 2011 following the acquisition of LDV Group by SAIC in 2010,[54] and produces MPVs, pickup trucks, and SUVs for both domestic sale and global export.
MG
MG Motor designs, develops and markets cars sold under the MG marque while vehicle manufacturing takes place at its factories in China and Thailand. MG Motor is the largest importer of Chinese made cars into the United Kingdom.
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MG 5 II
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MG 6 II
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MG Pilot (MG HS facelift)
Rising Auto (Feifan, R Brand)
Rising Auto (Feifan, 非凡), formerly R Brand,[55] is an offshoot of SAIC's Roewe brand dedicated to new energy vehicles and intelligent vehicles.[56]
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Rising Auto ER6
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Rising Auto Marvel R
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Rising Auto R7 (ES33 Concept)
Roewe
Roewe was introduced by SAIC in 2006. It is sold in most export markets outside China under the MG Motor marque.
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Roewe i5
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Roewe i6
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Roewe eRX5 Plus
Joint ventures
SAIC participates in cooperative efforts with foreign automakers that see the products of large international companies such as General Motors and Volkswagen made and sold in China.
The following is only a partial list.
iM (Zhiji Motor)
SAIC launched a premium auto brand “IM” (dubbed “Zhiji Motor” in Chinese) jointly developed with Shanghai's Pudong New Area government and Alibaba on January 13, 2021. During the brand launch, two concept vehicles under the IM brand were unveiled at the same time including an all-electric D-segment sedan and an all-electric crossover SUV. According to SAIC Motor, “IM” stands for Intelligence in Motion.[57]
Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive
A joint venture between SAIC and Volkswagen Group. It was founded in 1984 and produces cars under the Volkswagen, Skoda, and Audi brands.
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Volkswagen Lavida
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Skoda Octavia Pro
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Audi A7L
Shanghai General Motors Corporation
This joint venture between SAIC and General Motors manufactures and sells Chevrolet, Buick, and Cadillac brand automobiles in Mainland China.
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Chevrolet Menlo
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Buick Enclave II
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Cadillac CT6
SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile (SGMW)
A joint venture between SAIC, General Motors, and Liuzhou Wuling Motors Co Ltd. Based in Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in southwestern China, it makes commercial and consumer vehicles sold in China under the Wuling and Baojun brands. SGMW has recently found great success as an electric vehicle manufacturer — as of 2021, the venture's Wuling Hongguang Mini EV city car is the best-selling electric car in China by volume.[58]
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Wuling Xingchen
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Wuling Mini EV
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Baojun E300 / Kiwi EV
SAIC Iveco Hongyan
SAIC Iveco Hongyan was established in January 2003 as Chongqing Hongyan and traces its origins back to a Chinese manufacturer established in 1965. The company is focused on producing Iveco-based heavy trucks which are mostly marketed under the Hongyan marque.[59]
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Hongyan Genlyon
Nanjing Iveco Auto Co Ltd ("New Naveco")
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Iveco Daily Ousheng
Shanghai Sunwin Bus
This joint venture produces passenger buses.[60]
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Sunwin iev10
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Sunwin SWB6120V4LE, based on Volvo B7RLE chassis
SAIC-Charoen Pokphand
SAIC produces MG Motors vehicles through this joint venture with Charoen Pokphand for their Thailand subsidiary.[61]
Technomous
Established with Austrian technology provider TTTech in 2018 for Intelligent and Autonomous Driving solutions.[62]
Sales
Total | MG | Roewe | Maxus/LDV | Wuling | Baojun | Hongyan | Sunwin | |
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2010 | 1,424,513 | 29,603 | 131,027 | - | 1,157,258 | - | 33,258 | 3,098 |
2011 | 1,433,387 | 50,349 | 112,825 | 2,833 | 1,210,824 | 21,854 | 31,500 | 3,152 |
2012 | 1,659,973 | 79,343 | 122,952 | 7,076 | 1,503,868 | 80,323 | 17,008 | 3,250 |
2013 | 1,884,112 | 83,896 | 152,705 | 11,032 | 1,349,964 | 100,500 | 28,008 | 3,783 |
2014 | 2,051,240 | 64,651 | 126,590 | 21,016 | 1,628,493 | 181,586 | 25,000 | 3,866 |
2015 | 2,272,961 | 83,294 | 99,350 | 35,071 | 1,541,516 | 502,872 | 8,708 | 2,103 |
2016 | 2,533,631 | 98,714 | 241,026 | 46,145 | 1,369,618 | 760,559 | 15,517 | 2,007 |
2017 | 2,811,455 | 158,574 | 385,235 | 71,301 | 1,138,726 | 1,016,342 | 40,017 | 1,213 |
2018 | 3,009,273 | 280,647 | 466,608 | 126,119 | 1,197,932 | 879,077 | 58,037 | 818 |
2019 | 2,655,622 | 332,026 | 428,597 | 153,371 | 1,078,234 | 604,026 | 58,077 | 1,159 |
2020 | 2,694,081 | 425,915 | 384,321 | 194,970 | 1,184,088 | 422,550 | 80,077 | 2,122 |
2021 | 3,061,430 | 713,916 | 357,524 | 240,386 | 1,470,783 | 214,947 | 63,007 | 825 |
Facilities
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/MG_Motor_UK_HQ_-_SAIC_UK_Technical_%26_Design_Centre.jpeg/220px-MG_Motor_UK_HQ_-_SAIC_UK_Technical_%26_Design_Centre.jpeg)
SAIC has numerous production facilities in China, including sites in: Chongqing, Liuzhou, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Yantai.[64] It also had an assembly plant in the United Kingdom, the Longbridge plant,[65] It also has a plant in Chonburi, Thailand, Halol, India and one in Lahore, Pakistan.
Research and development
SAIC operated a large research and development centre in the United Kingdom, the SAIC Motor UK Technical Centre, which as of 2012 employed around 275 engineers and 25 designers.[66] The UK Technical Centre was the principal site worldwide for the development of MG cars,[67] also playing a major role in the development of Roewe products.[68] However in June 2019, SAIC Motor closed the UK Technical Centre making over 300 engineers redundant in the process.[69][70]
See also
Notes
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- ^ Zhao, Hejun (22 October 2010). "Shanghai's Slow Boat to State Asset Reform". Caixin. Archived from the original on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- ^ "SAIC Motor Corp. LTD".
- ^ "2021全年汽车销量出炉,上汽卫冕,三家民营车企挤入前十_腾讯新闻".
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- ^ "World's Top 5 EV Automotive Groups Ranked by Sales: 2021".
- ^ The home team: Indigenous carmakers are working their way up Archived 13 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine economist.com, 13 November 2008
- ^ Richter, Frank-Jürgen (2000). The dragon millennium: Chinese business in the coming world economy. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 65–69. ISBN 9781567203530. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ Richter, Frank-Jürgen (2000). The dragon millennium: Chinese business in the coming world economy. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 66. ISBN 9781567203530. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ Richter, pp. 67.
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- ^ a b Thun, Eric (2006). Changing lanes in China: foreign direct investment, local government, and auto sector development. Cambridge University Press. p. 103. ISBN 9780521843829. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ Richter, Frank-Jürgen (2000). The dragon millennium: Chinese business in the coming world economy. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 68. ISBN 9781567203530. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ Yasheng, Huang (2003). Selling China: foreign direct investment during the reform era. Cambridge University Press. p. 264. ISBN 9780521814287. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ a b Yasheng, Huang (2003). Selling China: foreign direct investment during the reform era. Cambridge University Press. pp. 264–265. ISBN 9780521814287. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ Thun, Eric (2006). Changing lanes in China: foreign direct investment, local government, and auto sector development. Cambridge University Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780521843829. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ a b Chiu, Becky; Lewis, Mervyn (2006). Reforming China's state-owned enterprises and banks. New horizons in money and finance. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 310. ISBN 9781843767589. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ Thun, Eric (2006). Changing lanes in China: foreign direct investment, local government, and auto sector development. Cambridge University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780521843829. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ "G.M. Expects Asia Deals to Raise $400 Million". The New York Times. 4 December 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ^ Chiu, Becky; Lewis, Mervyn (2006). Reforming China's state-owned enterprises and banks. New horizons in money and finance. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 309. ISBN 9781843767589. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ "Visteon's Global Electronics Platforms Launched on Shanghai GM's Chevrolet New Sail". Visteon Corp. 25 February 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
- ^ "Auto Venture in Korea". The New York Times. 14 October 2002. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "SAIC Takes on Ssangyong Motors". China Daily. 29 October 2004. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "Chinese auto firm looks overseas". BBC News. 29 November 2004. Archived from the original on 8 April 2005. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
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- ^ "REFILE-UPDATE 2-SAIC to make MG 6 in UK, upbeat on own-brand car" Reuters, 25 November 2009
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- ^ Kitchen, Michael (9 January 2009). "Korean auto maker Ssangyong enters receivership". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
- ^ For court-ordered destruction of SAIC ownership and 51.33% stake, see Seo, Eun-kyung (17 December 2009). "UPDATE 1-Court backs Ssangyong plan, shares briefly halted". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- For 2010 ten percent stake, see "Ssangyong Motor up for sale, India's Mahindra eyes bid". Reuters. 14 May 2010. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ "S Korea factory occupation ends". BBC. 6 August 2009. Archived from the original on 11 July 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
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- For Mercedes technology in Ssongyang hands, see DaimlerBenz Annual Report 1991 (PDF), Daimer AG, 1991, p. 30, archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2013
- ^ "[본문스크랩] 두 얼굴의 상하이차(車)".
- ^ China Car Market 101: Who Makes All Those 19 Million Cars? Archived 22 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine thetruthaboutcars.com, 19 January 2011
- ^ "SAIC unveils first international brand". Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- "SAIC's MAXUS Datong vying for global market". China Economic News. 12 April 2011. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ^ "New MG Sports Rolls Out Of Longbridge Plant". Sky News. 13 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "MG to end UK car production at Longbridge with switch to China". BBC. 23 September 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- ^ 2011年前十家乘用车生产企业销量排名. China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). 20 January 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
- ^ a b "China's Shanghai Automotive Industries opens office in Birmingham". Crain's Detroit Business. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
- ^ VLASIC, BILL (14 May 2013). "Chinese Creating New Auto Niche Within Detroit". pp. A1.
- ^ a b "SAIC USA Opens New North American Operations Center in Michigan". Aftermarket News. 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
- ^ "2012年12月分车型前十家生产企业销量排名". China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ^ "SAIC unveils first international brand". SAIC. 29 March 2011. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
- ^ a b Fang Yan; Tom Miles (27 December 2010). "SAIC invests $1.5 billion to boost own-brand car capacity: paper". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
- ^ a b "About Naveco: About Us". Naveco. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
- ^ "SGMW to launch Baojun brand". SAIC. 19 July 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
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- ^ a b c "SVW Introduction: Overview". SAIC. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
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- ^ Muller, Joann (22 April 2010). "Can China Save GM?". Forbes. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
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- ^ "SAIC launched new brand Maxus for vans". China Car Times. 3 March 2011. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
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External links
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