U language
| U | |
|---|---|
| Pouma | |
| Region | China |
Native speakers | 40,000 (2000)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | uuu |
| Glottolog | uuuu1243 |
| ELP | U |
The U language, or P'uman 濮满, is spoken by 40,000 people in the Yunnan province of China and possibly Burma. It is classified as an Austroasiatic language in the Palaungic branch. In China, U speakers are classified as ethnic Bulang.
Locations
U is spoken in Shuangjiang County of Yunnan and other nearby counties.[2]
- Wang & Chen (1981) covers the dialect of Pengpan 碰拚, Dafengshan Township 大凤山乡, Shuangjiang County.
- Zhou & Yan (1983) covers the dialect of Pangpin 胖品,[3] Yongge Township 永革乡, Shuangjiang County.
- Yan & Zhou (2012) cover U of Gantang 甘塘,[4][5] Yongde County as well as U of Pangpin 胖品.
- Svantesson (1991:67) documents the U dialect of Paɑ̃ Xɛp (Bangxie 邦协), Shahe Township 沙河乡, Shuangjiang County.[6]
There 2 main dialects of U in Shuangjiang County: one spoken in Gongnong 公弄 (now part of Mengku Town 勐库镇), and one spoken in Bangbing 邦丙 and Dawen Mangga 大文乡忙嘎; the Dawen dialect is reportedly mutually intelligible with that of Shidian County (Shuangjiang County Ethnic Gazetteer 1995:160).
Phonology
U has four tones, high, low, rising, falling, which developed from vowel length and the nature of final consonants.
References
- ^ U at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/svantesson1988u.pdf
- ^ http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=100393
- ^ http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=124591
- ^ http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=124563
- ^ http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178409
- Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau [思茂行署民族事务委员会编]. 1991. A study of the Bulang people [布朗族研究]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社]. ISBN 7-222-00803-9
- Svantesson, Jan-Olof. 1988. "U." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 11, no. 1: 64-133.
- Tao Yuming [陶玉明]. 2012. The Bulang people of China [中国布朗族]. Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Press [宁夏人民出版社].
- Wang Xingzhong [王兴中] & Zhao Weihua [赵卫华]. 2013. Geography and multilingualism in Lincang [临沧地理与双语使用]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社]. ISBN 978-7-222-08581-7
- Yan Qixiang [颜其香] & Zhou Zhizhi [周植志]. 2012. Mon-Khmer languages of China and the Austroasiatic family [中国孟高棉语族语言与南亚语系]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academy Press [社会科学文献出版社].
Gazetteers and other Chinese government sources with lexical data
- Nanjian County Gazetteer Commission [南涧县志编纂委员会编] (ed). 1993. Nanjian County Gazetteer [南涧彝族自治县志]. Chengdu: Sichuan Reference Press [四川辞书出版社].
- Na Ruzhen [納汝珍], et al. (eds). 1994. Zhenkang County Ethnic Gazetteer [镇康县民族志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社].
- Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau [思茅行暑民族事务委员会] (ed). 1990. A study of the Bulang people [布朗族研究]. m.s.
- Xiao Dehua [萧德虎], et al. (eds). 1992. Zhenkang County Gazetteer [镇康县志]. 1992. Chengdu: Sichuan People's Press [四川民族出版社].
- Yunnan Gazetteer Commission [云南省地方志编纂委员会] (ed). 1998. Yunnan Provincial Gazetteer, Vol. 59: Minority Languages Orthographies Gazetteer [云南省志. 卷五十九, 少数民族语言文字志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社].
External links
- http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
- http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-67B4-3@view U in RWAAI Digital Archive