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{{Advert|date=December 2018}}
{{hatnote|This article is about an Internet domain. '''.md''' might also be a [[file suffix]]; e.g. for [[Markdown]] or [[Moneydance]] files.}}
{{hatnote|This article is about an Internet domain. '''.md''' might also be a [[file suffix]]; e.g. for [[Markdown]] or [[Moneydance]] files.}}
{{Infobox Top level domain
{{Infobox Top level domain
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|type = [[Country code top-level domain]]
|type = [[Country code top-level domain]]
|status = Active
|status = Active
|registry = [[MoldData]] S.E.
|registry = STISC<ref name="stisc-reg"/>
|sponsor = [[MoldData]] S.E.
|intendeduse = Entities connected with {{MDA}}
|intendeduse = Entities connected with {{MDA}}
|actualuse = Very popular in Moldova, limited use by [[Doctor of Medicine|medical doctors]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.amednews.com/article/20050117/business/301179991/7/|title=New company makes push for ".md" domain|last=Norbut|first=Mike|date=17 January 2005|work=[[American Medical News]]|accessdate=2 February 2015}}</ref>
|actualuse = Very popular in Moldova, limited use by [[Doctor of Medicine|medical doctors]]<ref name="amednews"/>
|restrictions = Prohibited sites which contain sexual or pornographic content, advocate the use of terrorism, send or is associated with the sending of [[Spamming|spam]]<!-- http://www.nic.md/terms.php Terms and conditions -->
|restrictions = Prohibited domain names with bad taste, foul language, injurious to public order or to public sensibilities, with offending character, or with obscene or pornographic words
|registereddomains=23,306
|registereddomains=over 25,000
|dateregistereddomains=2013-11-27
|dateregistereddomains=2020-07-25
|refregistereddomains=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nic.md/|title=nic.md (.MD Domain Registry)|publisher=nic.md|accessdate=2013-11-27}}</ref>
|refregistereddomains=<ref name="nicmd">{{cite web |url=https://nic.md/en/|title=nic.md (.MD Domain Registry)|publisher=nic.md|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref>
|structure = Registrations are taken directly at the second level
|structure = Registrations are taken directly at the second level
|document = [http://www.nic.md/terms.php Terms and conditions]
|document = [https://nic.md/img/terms_and_conditions_en.pdf Terms and conditions]
|disputepolicy= [[UDRP]]
|disputepolicy= [[UDRP]]
|website = [http://www.nic.md/ nic.md]
|website = [http://www.nic.md/ nic.md]
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'''.md''' is the [[Internet]] [[country code]] [[top-level domain]] ([[ccTLD]]) for [[Moldova]] introduced on March 24, 1994.
'''.md''' is the [[Internet]] [[country code]] [[top-level domain]] ([[ccTLD]]) for [[Moldova]] introduced on March 24, 1994.


The price of domain registration is US$39 per year ($39 including [[VAT]]).
The price of domain registration is 450 [[Moldovan leu|lei]]<ref name="nicmd"/> or $39 USD (including [[VAT]])<ref name="mdd">{{cite web|url=https://molddata.md/?pag=domains|title=Înregistrare domene|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref> per year.


The TLD is currently administered by STISC (Service for Information Technology and Cyber Security)<ref name="stisc-reg"/>; before being merged into STISC, the Moldovan state company MoldData had an exclusive agreement to administer and distribute domain names within the .MD domain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://molddata.md/?pag=faq&id=6|title=Suport - Întrebări frecvente|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref>
The price of [[Subdomain|third-level]] domain registration is ~US$10 per year (120 [[Moldovan leu|lei]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.host.md/domain_names.html |title=.com.md Domain Registry |publisher=host.md |access-date=2013-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025040013/http://www.host.md/domain_names.html# |archive-date=2015-10-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


⚫
== Second-level domain names ==
The Moldovan state company [[MoldData]] has signed an exclusive agreement to administer and distribute domain names within the .MD domain.<ref>[http://nic.md/faq.php Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)]. nic.md</ref>
The official regulations list a number of second-level domain names for official government and local government use, as well as a list of generic second-level domain names:<ref name="reg">{{cite web|url=https://molddata.md/files/files/regulament.pdf|title=Regulamentul cu privire la gestionarea numelor in domenul de nivel superior .md|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref>

⚫
==Second-level domains==
* {{mono|.com.md}} – [[Economy of Moldova|commercial entities]]
* {{mono|.com.md}} – [[Economy of Moldova|commercial entities]]
* {{mono|.org.md}} – [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]] and not-for-profit organizations
* {{mono|.srl.md}} – [[Private limited company|Private limited companies]]
* {{mono|.info.md}} – (general) information
* {{mono|.sa.md}} – [[Public company|Publicly traded companies]]
* {{mono|.pro.md}} – (general) professional
* {{mono|.net.md}} – Companies which offer Internet services
* {{mono|.org.md}} – Other organizations, including [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]] and not-for-profit organizations
* {{mono|.gov.md}} – [[Politics of Moldova|government]]
* {{mono|.edu.md}} – [[Education in Moldova|education]]
* {{mono|.acad.md}} – Academic and educational institutions

* {{mono|.din.md}} – social network for Moldovans
.com.md, .org.md, .info.md, and .pro.md [[Subdomain|third-level]] domain names can be registered via MoldData for $12 USD.<ref name="mdd"/>

==History==

The establishment of the .md TLD was approved in March 1994 by the University of Southern California's [[Information Sciences Institute]] ([[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]]'s predecessor). The first Moldovan Internet server, mdearn.md, became operational on January 1, 1994. In May 1995, .md was fully delegated to RCI (the Moldovan Republican Centre for Informatics, established September 1, 1993<ref name="md-dates">{{cite web|url=https://molddata.md/?pag=page&id=105|title=Date memorabile|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref>).

In 1998, RCI entered into a contractual agreement with [[Domain Name Trust]], a US-based company, granting it the rights to operate and oversee the TLD. Domain Name Trust then proceeded to sell its rights to operate .md to DotMD, an US-based LLC, which went bankrupt in October 2002. During the resulting bankruptcy court proceedings, authority over .md was ordered to be returned back to the state of Moldova in February 2003.<ref name="ianareport">{{cite web|url=https://www.iana.org/reports/2003/md-report-22oct03.html|title=IANA Report on Redelegation of the .MD Top-Level Domain|date=2003-10-22|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref><ref name="amednews">{{cite web|url=https://amednews.com/article/20050117/business/301179991/7/|title=New company makes push for ".md" domain|date=2005-01-17|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref>

RCI was renamed into MoldData on 12 July 2001, formalizing its transformation and succession on 19 September.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stroyka.md/ru/kompanii/molddata-is|title=MOLDDATA, ÎS|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref> On 30 August 2019, by order of the Moldovan government, MoldData was absorbed into STISC (Service for Information Technology and Cyber Security), which took over the responsibility of the national registrar for the .md TLD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://molddata.md/?pag=news&opa=view&id=384&tip=noutati|title=Î.S. „MOLDDATA” se reorganizează prin fuziune (absorbție)|date=2019-09-16|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref><ref name="stisc-reg">{{cite web|url=https://stisc.gov.md/ro/registrator-national-al-domeniului-de-nivel-superior-md|title=Registrator național al domeniului de nivel superior ".md"|accessdate=2020-07-25}}</ref>

On November 2007, the number of domains registered under the .md TLD reached 12,000.<ref name="md-dates"/>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/md.html IANA .md whois information]
* [http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/md.html IANA .md whois information]
* [http://www.nic.md/ .md domain registry]
* [https://nic.md/en/ .md domain registry]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151025094146/http://whois.nic.md/ .md WHOIS Server: whois.nic.md]
* [https://nic.md/en/whois/ nic.md WHOIS tool]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151025040013/http://www.host.md/domain_names.html third-level domain registration]


{{CcTLD}}
{{CcTLD}}

Revision as of 05:15, 25 July 2020

This article is about an Internet domain. .md might also be a file suffix; e.g. for Markdown or Moneydance files.
.md
.md
Introduced1994
TLD typeCountry code top-level domain
StatusActive
RegistrySTISC[1]
Intended useEntities connected with  Moldova
Actual useVery popular in Moldova, limited use by medical doctors[2]
Registered domainsover 25,000 (2020-07-25)[3]
Registration restrictionsProhibited domain names with bad taste, foul language, injurious to public order or to public sensibilities, with offending character, or with obscene or pornographic words
StructureRegistrations are taken directly at the second level
DocumentsTerms and conditions
Dispute policiesUDRP
DNSSECyes
Registry websitenic.md

.md is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Moldova introduced on March 24, 1994.

The price of domain registration is 450 lei[3] or $39 USD (including VAT)[4] per year.

The TLD is currently administered by STISC (Service for Information Technology and Cyber Security)[1]; before being merged into STISC, the Moldovan state company MoldData had an exclusive agreement to administer and distribute domain names within the .MD domain.[5]

Second-level domain names

The official regulations list a number of second-level domain names for official government and local government use, as well as a list of generic second-level domain names:[6]

.com.md, .org.md, .info.md, and .pro.md third-level domain names can be registered via MoldData for $12 USD.[4]

History

The establishment of the .md TLD was approved in March 1994 by the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute (IANA's predecessor). The first Moldovan Internet server, mdearn.md, became operational on January 1, 1994. In May 1995, .md was fully delegated to RCI (the Moldovan Republican Centre for Informatics, established September 1, 1993[7]).

In 1998, RCI entered into a contractual agreement with Domain Name Trust, a US-based company, granting it the rights to operate and oversee the TLD. Domain Name Trust then proceeded to sell its rights to operate .md to DotMD, an US-based LLC, which went bankrupt in October 2002. During the resulting bankruptcy court proceedings, authority over .md was ordered to be returned back to the state of Moldova in February 2003.[8][2]

RCI was renamed into MoldData on 12 July 2001, formalizing its transformation and succession on 19 September.[9] On 30 August 2019, by order of the Moldovan government, MoldData was absorbed into STISC (Service for Information Technology and Cyber Security), which took over the responsibility of the national registrar for the .md TLD.[10][1]

On November 2007, the number of domains registered under the .md TLD reached 12,000.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Registrator național al domeniului de nivel superior ".md"". Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  2. ^ a b "New company makes push for ".md" domain". 2005-01-17. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  3. ^ a b "nic.md (.MD Domain Registry)". nic.md. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  4. ^ a b "Înregistrare domene". Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  5. ^ "Suport - Întrebări frecvente". Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  6. ^ "Regulamentul cu privire la gestionarea numelor in domenul de nivel superior .md" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  7. ^ a b "Date memorabile". Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  8. ^ "IANA Report on Redelegation of the .MD Top-Level Domain". 2003-10-22. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  9. ^ "MOLDDATA, ÎS". Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  10. ^ "Î.S. „MOLDDATA" se reorganizează prin fuziune (absorbție)". 2019-09-16. Retrieved 2020-07-25.


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