iPhone 4
Template:Infobox iPhone The iPhone 4 (Template:Pron-en EYE-fohn-fohr) is a smartphone designed and developed by Apple. It is the fourth generation of iPhone, and successor to the iPhone 3GS. It is particularly marketed for video calling, and consumption of media such as books and periodicals, movies, music, and games; and for general web and e-mail access. It was announced on June 7, 2010 at the WWDC 2010 at the Moscone Center, San Francisco,[1] and was released on June 24, 2010 in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.
The iPhone 4 runs the iOS operating system, the same operating system as used on previous iPhones, the iPad, and the iPod Touch. It is primarily controlled by a users fingertips on the multitouch display, which is sensitive to fingertip contact. Unlike the iPad, which can support up to eleven fingers, the iPhone 4 can only support two finger gestures.[2] Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its App Store.
The most noticeable difference between the iPhone 4 and its predecessors is the new design, which incorporates a stainless steel frame that acts as the device's antennae. The internal components of the device are situated between two panels of chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass.[3] It has an Apple A4 processor and 512 MB of eDRAM, twice that of its predecessor and four times that of the original iPhone. Its 3.5 inches (89 mm) LED backlit liquid crystal display with an increased 960-by-640 pixel resolution is marketed as the "Retina Display".
History
Prototypes
Prior to the official unveiling of the iPhone 4 on June 7, 2010, two prototypes were brought to mainstream media, breaching Apple's normally secretive development process. Many of the speculations regarding technical specifications proved accurate.
Gizmodo
On April 19, 2010, gadget website Gizmodo reported that they had purchased an iPhone prototype for $5000, and furthermore, had conducted a product teardown of the device. The prototype is reported to have been lost by an Apple software engineer in Redwood City, California.[4] Shortly after Gizmodo published detailed information about the prototype, Apple's legal associates formally requested for the phone to be returned to Apple, and Gizmodo responded with the intent to cooperate.[5] On April 22, officers from the Rapid Enforcement Allied Computer Team (REACT) task force of the California HTTAP Program raided the home of Jason Chen, the Gizmodo editor responsible for reviewing the prototype, seizing all computers and electronic media in the house.[6] The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the raid as violating journalist source protection laws that forbid the seizure of journalist computers as well as the suspicion that Apple had used its influence as a member of the steering committee which is charged with direction and oversight of the California REACT task force to push police into action in a way that would not normally be conducted for this type of incident. Apple had already received the iPhone prototype prior to the raid when it was returned by Gizmodo.[7] The District Attorney has stated that the investigation has been suspended, and discontinued searching through the Gizmodo editors belongings as they determine whether the shield laws are applicable, and cautioned that no charges have been issued at this point.[8][9]
Taoviet
A second prototype was published on a Vietnamese website, Taoviet, on May 12, 2010.[10] It was almost identical to the first, and used an A4 chip manufactured by Apple.[11] The website purchased the prototype for $4,000.[12] DigiTimes reported that screen resolution of the new phone is 960-by-640, which was confirmed by Apple at the iPhone 4's official announcement.
Release and availability
The iPhone 4 was made available for pre-order on June 15, 2010 and was released on June 24, 2010 in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.[1]
Customers attempting to pre-order the iPhone 4 reported problems with the pre-order process on the U.S. and U.K. online Apple Stores which crashed due to the surge in traffic.[13] The same issue was reported with AT&T and SoftBank, who suspended advance sales of the iPhone 4 as demand threatened to exceed supply.[14] Retail stores were also unable to complete pre-order transactions due to the servers crashing.[15] Apple and its partner carriers received 600,000 pre-orders for the iPhone 4 in the first 24 hours, the largest number of pre-orders Apple has received in a single day for any device.[16] Engadget reported that at 20:30 UTC, all iPhone 4 pre-order suppliers had sold out.[17]
On June 21, Apple sent an email to their preorder customers, showing a delivery date one day early, on June 23.[18]
Design
The iPhone 4 features a redesigned structure, designed by Jonathan Ive. Most notably, the bulges of the back panel as well as the band between the front and back are gone and have been replaced with flattened surfaces. The redesign reflects the utilitarianism and uniformity of existing Apple products, such as the iPad and the iMac. The only remnant of the previous generations of iPhone is the general layout of the device; the distinctive metal structure of the iPhone 4 is more reminiscent of the 3G and 3GS. The overall dimensions of the iPhone 4 have been reduced from its predecessor. It is 4.5 inches (110 mm) high, 2.31 inches (59 mm) wide, and 0.37 inches (9.4 mm) deep, compared to the 3GS, which is 4.55 inches (116 mm) high, 2.44 inches (62 mm) wide, and 0.48 inches (12 mm) deep; it is 24% thinner than the iPhone 3GS. Steve Jobs claims that it is “the thinnest smartphone on the planet.”[19]
The iPhone 4 is structured around a stainless steel frame which both acts as the primary structure for the device, and additionally acts as the iPhone 4's antennae. The stainless steel enclosure features three slits that divide the band into three sections; the left section of band acts as the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GPS antenna, and the right and lower bands sections act as the antenna for GSM and UMTS connectivity. There is some debate as to whether or not this causes issues with signal strength and availability. The act of touching the antenna with an un-gloved hand while standing on the ground potentially grounds the signal.
The internal components are situated between two panels of aluminosilicate glass, described by Apple as being "chemically strengthened to be 20 times stiffer and 30 times harder than plastic," theoretically allowing it to be more scratch resistant and durable than the previous models.[3]
The iPhone 4 switches the placement of the microphone and speaker on the base on the unit — the speaker is now on the left.[20]
Hardware
Display
The display on the iPhone 4, which is manufactured by LG Display, features an LED backlit LCD capacitive touchscreen with a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch (ppi) on a 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) (960-by-640) display, each pixel is 78 micrometers in width. The display has a contrast ratio of 800:1. The screen is marketed by Apple as the "Retina Display," based on the assertion that a display of approximately 300 ppi at a distance of 12 inches (305 mm) from one's eye is the maximum amount of detail that the human retina can process.[21] With the iPhone expected to be used at a distance of about 12 inches from the eyes, a higher resolution would allegedly have no effect on the image's apparent quality as the maximum potential of the human eye has already been met.
The display has been the subject of some controversial criticism; focused primarily on Apple's claims that the displays resolution exceeds the maximum amount of detail that the human retina can process. Raymond Soneira, president of DisplayMate Technologies, reported in an interview with Wired Magazine saying that the claims by Jobs' are something of an exaggeration: "It is reasonably close to being a perfect display, but Steve pushed it a little too far". Soneira continued to state that the resolution of the retina is higher than claimed by Apple, working out to 477 ppi at 12 inches (305 mm) from the eyes.[22]
However, Phil Plait, author of Bad Astronomy, whose career includes a collaboration with NASA regarding the camera on the Hubble Space Telescope, responded to the criticism by stating that "if you have [better than 20/20] eyesight, then at one foot away the iPhone 4’s pixels are resolved. The picture will look pixellated. If you have average eyesight, the picture will look just fine."[23][24]
Camera
The iPhone 4 features an additional front-facing VGA camera, and an improved 5 megapixel rear-facing camera integrated with an LED flash. The rear-facing camera is capable of recording HD video in 720p at 30 frames per second. Both cameras make use of the tap to focus feature, part of iOS 4, for photo and video recording.[25] The rear-facing camera has a 5× digital zoom.
Gyroscope and accelerometer
The iPhone 4 introduces a gyroscopic sensor that enables 3-axis angular acceleration around the X, Y and Z axes, enabling precise calculation of yaw, pitch, and roll. The gyroscope complements the accelerometer, a sensor that has been present since the original iPhone, and detects the device's acceleration, shake, vibration shock, or fall by detecting linear acceleration along one of three axes (X, Y and Z). The combined data from the accelerometer and the gyroscope provides detailed and precise information about the device's 6-axis movement in space; the 3-axes of the gyroscope combined with the 3-axes of the accelerometer enable the device to recognize approximately how far, fast, and in which direction it has moved in space.[26]
Processor and memory
The iPhone 4 is powered by the Apple A4 chip, which was designed by Intrinsity and, like all previous iPhone models, manufactured by Samsung.[27] This system-on-a-chip is composed of a Cortex-A8 CPU integrated with a PowerVR SGX 535 GPU.[28] The Apple A4 is also used in the iPad where it is clocked at its rated speed of 1 GHz.[29] The clock speed in the iPhone 4 hasn't been disclosed; all previous models of the iPhone have underclocked the CPU which typically extends battery life and lowers heat dissipation.
The iPhone 4 has 512 MB of eDRAM. The additional eDRAM supports increased performance and multi-tasking.[30]
Storage and Micro-SIM
The iPhone 4 uses a Micro-SIM card, which is positioned in an ejectable tray, located on the right side of the device. All previous models have used regular Mini-SIM cards. As on previous models, all data is stored in flash memory, 16GB or 32GB, and not on the SIM. Unlike previous generations, the storage capacity is not printed on the back of the unit. The iPhone 4 continues to use the 30 pin dock connector as its only external data port.
Software
FaceTime
The iPhone 4 is the first device to support FaceTime, an embedded video calling application that is able to use either the front or back camera over a Wi-Fi connection to communicate with another iPhone 4. Apple is currently running tests on the iPhone 4 so Facetime can work on 3G.
Issues
- Some users have reported discoloration of the screen, which was attributed to the glass lamination glue that was used. It did not have time to dry fully before the unit reached consumers due to the speed of manufacturing.[31]
- Another issue reported after days the iPhone 4 was released is the proximity sensor. Many users have reported that during calls the sensor can be insensitive and contact with the touchscreen can end calls, mute calls, and dial other numbers.[32]
- On June 24, Apple issued a statement that white models, but not black models, "have proven more challenging to manufacture than expected", and pushed the release date back to "the second half of July".[33]
Antenna
Shortly after iPhone 4 was delivered to customers, there were reports that signal strength of the phone was adversely affected by holding the edge of the phone.[34] In response, Apple issued a statement advising that customers should "avoid gripping it in the lower left corner" when making or receiving a call.[35] The issue can also be addressed by adding a case, cover or bumper to the phone.[36]
Apple allegedly knew about the problem as far back as 2009.[37]
On July 2, 2010, it was reported that several iPhone 4 users were to sue Apple and AT&T, alleging fraud by concealment, negligence, intentional misrepresentation and defective design. The legal challenge was started by California law firm Kershaw, Cutter and Ratinoff, who set up a website to recruit disenchanted iPhone 4 buyers for a lawsuit against Apple.[38][39]
Also on July 2, 2010, Apple issued another statement on its website stating that it had discovered the cause of the "dramatic drop in bars."[40] Apple explained how the formula it used to calculate the number of bars to display was "totally wrong." Apple promised to correct the issue and release a software update within a few weeks that would address the "mistake," which had been present since the original iPhone.[40] The New York Times commented that "the failure to detect this longstanding problem earlier is astonishing."[41] Consumer Reports rejected Apple's explanation after conducting tests in a controlled environment, and comparing the results against previous models of iPhones. They recommend that consumers that "want an iPhone that works well without a masking-tape fix" purchase the iPhone 3GS instead.[42] Consumer Reports tested a $29.00 frame-like cover sold by Apple called a Bumper that prevents finger contact with the antenna and reported it also fixes the problem.[43]
CNN reported a small amount of duct tape has proven the most effective fix to iPhone 4's dropped call issue.[44]
Critical reception
Reaction to announcement
Media reaction to Steve Jobs' announcement of the iPhone 4 was generally positive.[45] The announcement included information that had not been covered by Gizmodo. Fox News commented that "seeing it in action is far more informative than staring at Gizmodo's photos of a busted test unit".[46] Rhodri Marsden of The Independent said that "aside from the introduction of face-to-face video calling, it's not a staggering feature set," instead focusing on how the device is "more powerful than its predecessor, speedier, easier to use and will make previously laborious tasks seem like a cinch".[47]
CNET reacted to the announcement by explaining how it believes that iMovie for iOS was the "most exciting part of this year's WWDC Keynote". The article noted how the iPhone 4, unlike current cameras, can record HD content and then edit it from the same device, labelling it a "true mobile editing suite".[48]
Reviews
Reviews of the iPhone 4 have been generally favorable. Walt Mossberg of The Wall Street Journal called the device "the best device in its class".[49] Engadget named it the "best smartphone on the market right now".[50] CNET gave the iPhone 4 a rating of 8.6 out of 10, one of the highest ratings it has distributed to any smartphone.[51] TechRadar gave the device 4.5/5 stars but rated it on par with rival HTC Desire.[52] Consumer Reports said the signal problem was the reason they didn't rate it a "recommended" model, although the other tests ranked it highest among smart phones.[53]
Joshua Topolsky of Engadget described the devices industrial design as being "more detailed and sophisticated" than its predecessor.[50]
Timeline of iPhone models
Timeline of iPhone models |
---|
Source: Apple Newsroom Archive[54]
Notes
- ^ Initial June 24, 2010 release date is only in; the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.[55]
- ^ SIM free iPhone 4's are only available directly from Apple in; Canada, France, and the United Kingdom as of initial release.[56]
- ^ The Advanced Performance Optimization on iOS, part 2 sesion.
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