Kansas City, Missouri
Kansas City, Missouri | |
|---|---|
| File:Kcpanorama.jpg | |
| Nickname: City of Fountains" or "Heart of America | |
| Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. | |
| Country State Counties | United States Missouri Jackson Clay Platte Cass |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Kay Waldo Barnes |
| Population (2004) | |
| • City | 444,387 |
| • Metro | 1,947,694 (2,005 Est.) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Website | http://www.kcmo.org/ |
Kansas City is a city covering parts of Jackson, Clay, Cass, and Platte counties in Missouri, USA. Although it is the largest city in Jackson County, the suburb of Independence is the county seat. Situated at the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers, it lies along the boundary between Missouri and Kansas, and is directly opposite of Kansas City, Kansas. Just like That '70s Show.
Often abbreviated as "KC" (to refer to the entire metropolitan area), or "KCMO" (to refer to only Kansas City, Missouri), Kansas City, Missouri is the center of the 26th largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States. In the Midwest, Kansas City is the 7th largest city (between Cleveland, Ohio and Omaha, Nebraska). As of the 2000 census, the city has a population of 441,545. Combined with Kansas City, Kansas, the population is 588,411, but the entire metropolitan area (in both Missouri and Kansas) is approximately 1,836,038 (estimated 2,015,282 in 2005). Although Kansas City has the highest population of any city in Missouri, St. Louis has a larger metropolitan area with about 2.8 million people.
The Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, a project of the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, recently designated Kansas City as having potential of attaining world city status. The city's tap water was recently rated the cleanest among the 50 largest cities in the United States, containing no detectable impurities[1].
The current mayor of Kansas City, Missouri is Kay Barnes, the city's first female mayor. Elected in March 1999 and again in March 2003, her second of two terms will expire in April 2007.
History
The French explorers Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette were the first Europeans to spot the area that came to be known as Kansas City, doing so via a six-day canoe trip up the Missouri River in 1673. The French settled in the lower Missouri Valley, first at St. Louis in 1765 and later Chouteau Landing in 1821 by François Chouteau, at the confluence of the Missouri and Kansas rivers.
John McCoy established Westport in 1833 along the Santa Fe Trail, three miles away from the river. McCoy and a group of investors bought a farm between Westport and the river in 1839 and established the Town of Kansas in 1850. The Missouri General Assembly approved the incorporation on February 22, 1853 and then on March 18, 1853 the City of Kansas was created with a newly elected mayor. It had an area 0.98 square miles and a population of 2,500. The City of Kansas was renamed Kansas City in 1889. Westport became part of Kansas City on December 2, 1897.[2] The original portion of the city is the present day City Market neighborhood along the Missouri River on the north edge of downtown. The boundary lines at that time extended from the middle of the Missouri river south to what is now Ninth street, and from Bluff street on the west to a point between Holmes and Charlotte streets on the east.[3]
By that time, The Town of Kansas and Westport, along with nearby Independence were critical points in westward expansion. Not only did three major trails— Santa Fe, California, and Oregon—start from Jackson County, the area was ripe with animosity as the Civil War approached. As a slave state, Missourians tended to sympathize with the southern states. With Kansas petitioning to enter the union under the new doctrine of popular sovereignty, many from the area crossed into Kansas to sway the state towards allowing slavery, at first by ballot box and then by bloodshed.
During the Civil War, the Town of Kansas was in the midst of battles, almost all of them victories by the Union. The August 1862 Battle of Independence stunted a Confederate advance into northern Missouri (settled by pro-slavery Virginians), and the October 1864 Battle of Westport effectively ended Confederate efforts to occupy the city. However, a successful raid on Lawrence, Kansas led by William Quantrill forced General Thomas Ewing to issue General Order No. 11, forcing the eviction of residents in four counties, including Jackson, except those living in the city and nearby communities, or those whose allegiance to the Union was certified by Ewing.
After the Civil War, the Town of Kansas grew rapidly. The selection of the city over Leavenworth, Kansas for the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad bridge over the Missouri River brought about significant growth. The population exploded after 1869, when the Hannibal Bridge, designed by Octave Chanute, opened. The boom prompted a name change to Kansas City in 1889 and the city limits to extend south and east. Kansas City, guided by architect George Kessler, became a forefront example of the City Beautiful movement, developing a network of boulevards and parks around the city. The relocation of Union Station to its current location in 1914 and the opening of the Liberty Memorial in 1923 capped this movement. Further capping Kansas City's growth was the opening of the innovative Country Club Plaza development by J.C. Nichols in 1925.
Kansas City also served as a launching pad for several storied careers. Ernest Hemingway wrote for the Kansas City Star during World War I. Walt Disney moved to Kansas City and established his first animation studio (Laugh-O-Gram Studio) at 31st and Locust in 1923. Several early screen actors, including Jean Harlow, Ginger Rogers and Craig Stevens, grew up in Kansas City.
At the turn of the century, political machines attempted to gain clout in the city, with the one led by Tom Pendergast emerging as the dominant machine by 1925. A new city charter passed that year made it easier for his Democratic Party machine to gain control of the city council (slimmed from 32 members to nine) and appoint a crooked city manager. The machine fell in 1939 when Pendergast, riddled with health problems, pleaded guilty to tax evasion. The machine, however, gave rise to Harry S. Truman, who quickly became Kansas City's favorite son.
After World War II, the city experienced considerable sprawl, as the affluent populace bolted for Johnson County, Kansas and eastern Jackson County. However, many also went north of the Missouri River, where Kansas City had incorporated areas during the 1920s and in 1963. This annexation would pay off for the city in the 1970's, when a population and developmental boom occurred in both Platte and Clay counties, bringing more buisinesses to the Northland and making many of the landowners in the area millionares. The population of the city proper dipped, but over the past 15 years has rebounded to nearly 450,000. Not only has growth in annexed areas (as far north as Smithville and south as Cass County) contributed to the growth, but also successful efforts to revitalize the downtown area. Such growth and ability to annex surrounding areas has allowed Kansas City to easily surpass St. Louis as the largest single municipality in the state of Missouri.
Architecture
Kansas City has long been praised for its varied architecture, which includes many famous and interesting buildings. Its skyline is notable for various structures, including the immense Bartle Hall Convention Center and numerous skyscrapers such as the Kansas City Power and Light Building and One Kansas City Place (the tallest habitable structure in Missouri), as well as the KCTV-Tower (the tallest freestanding structure in Missouri and 39th tallest tower in the world), and the Liberty Memorial (the national World War I memorial and museum of the United States).
Politics
Kansas City from the late 19th Century to the mid 20th Century was controlled by Democrat Tom Pendergast and his often corrupt political machine. The most prominent Democrat to rise out of Pendergast's machine was Harry S. Truman, who was a Senator then President of the United States from 1945-1953. Kansas City consistently votes Democractic in Presidential elections. However on the State and local level Republicans often find some modest success. The city hosted the 1900 Democratic National Convention. Since Kansas City borders on the state of Kansas which consistently votes Republican, and since the suburbs of Kansas City are overwheminly Republican, the city is sometimes associated with the Republicans. The city hosted the 1928 Republican National Convention which nominated Herbert Hoover from Iowa for President and the memorable 1976 Republican National Convention which nominated Kansas U.S. Senator Bob Dole for Vice President.
The city has a city manager form of government. However the role of city manager has diminished over the years following excesses during the heyday of Tom Pendergast.
For a list of mayors of Kansas City see: List of mayors of Kansas City
Downtown redevelopment
Downtown Kansas City is an area of 2.9 square miles bounded by the Missouri River to the north, 31st Street to the south, Bruce R. Watkins Drive (U.S. Highway 71) to the east and I-35 to the west.
After years of neglect and seas of parking lots, downtown Kansas City is currently undergoing a renaissance. Many residential properties have recently been or are currently under redevelopment. A planned entertainment district, titled the "Power and Light District" is being developed in the southern part of the downtown freeway loop by the Cordish Company of Baltimore, Maryland. Adjacent to the entertainment district will be a new arena, named the Sprint Center, set to open in 2007. The arena, to be designed by a consortium of local architects, hopes to lure an NBA or NHL franchise to the city. Los Angeles-based Anschutz Entertainment Group has invested in the arena project and will run its daily operations.
In 2003 the Downtown population reached 15,100 people, up from around 13,000 in 2000, aided by ever-increasing real estate development converting vacant commercial buildings to loft-style housing.
See Also: Downtown Kansas City Redevelopment
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 318.0 mi² (823.7 km²). 313.5 mi² (812.1 km²) of it is land and 4.5 mi² (11.6 km²) of it (1.41%) is water.
Kansas City is often imagined by outsiders to be flat like Chicago, Dallas, New York, Phoenix or Miami, but in fact it has many rolling hills -- some reaching up to 300 feet. The Kansas and Missouri rivers have cut shallow valleys into the terrain, and some areas have small, rocky cliffs (such as the bluff directly across the river from downtown, where the Charles Wheeler Downtown Airport sits).
Kansas City, Missouri, is organized into a system of approximately 150 registered neighborhoods.
Climate
Kansas City lies almost in the exact center of the United States, at the confluence of the second largest river in the country, the Missouri River, and the Kansas River (also known as the Kaw River). This makes for a continental climate with moderate precipitation and extremes of hot and cold. Summers can be very humid, with moist air riding up from the Gulf of Mexico, with July/August daytime highs reaching into the triple digits. Winters vary from mild days to bitterly cold, with lows reaching into the teens below zero a few times a year. Spring and Fall are pleasant, and peppered with thunderstorms as the cold air from Canada mixes with the warm Gulf moisture.
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Demographics
| City Population [4] | |
|---|---|
| Census year |
Population |
| 1870 | 32,260 |
| 1880 | 55,785 |
| 1890 | 132,716 |
| 1900 | 163,752 |
| 1910 | 248,381 |
| 1920 | 324,410 |
| 1930 | 399,746 |
| 1940 | 400,178 |
| 1950 | 456,622 |
| 1960 | 475,539 |
| 1970 | 507,087 |
| 1980 | 448,159 |
| 1990 | 435,146 |
| 2000 | 441,545 |
| 2010 | est. 456,789 |
As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 441,545 people, 183,981 households, and 107,444 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,408.2/mi² (543.7/km²). There were 202,334 housing units at an average density of 645.3/mi² (249.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 60.68% White, 31.23% Black or African American, 1.85% Asian, 0.48% Native American, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 3.21% from other races, and 2.44% from two or more races. 6.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 183,981 households out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.0% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.06. Growth in Kansas City is increasing, with 3,618 housing permits granted in 2004 and 2005. As of 2005, about 210,000 households exist.
In the city the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $37,198, and the median income for a family was $46,012. Males had a median income of $35,132 versus $27,548 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,753. About 11.1% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Because of its size and regional placement, Kansas City is home to a thriving economy. This includes six Fortune 1000 corporations as well as numerous other major companies and non-corporate employers. The business community is serviced by two major business magazines, one weekly and one monthly, as well as numerous other smaller publications, including a local society journal.
Transportation
In Kansas City the main method of transportation is the automobile. Use of the automobile is supported by the existence of many limited-access interstate highways as well as numerous U. S. and state highways. For a list of major highways see Kansas City Metropolitan Area. Kansas City does not have a subway system or light rail as seen in cities such as New York, Chicago, and St. Louis.
Mass transit
- The MAX: In July 2005, the Kansas City Area Transportation Authority started a new bus system called, "The MAX" (Metro Area Express). The bus route starts in the City Market in Downtown Kansas City, and has many stops along Main Street, The Plaza and southern Kansas City. The MAX buses are able to prolong green traffic lights to stay on schedule.
- Buses run 7 days a week from 5:00am to 1:00am. During rush hour periods, the buses make stops every 10 minutes. All other times, the buses make stops every 15-30 minutes. Each bus ride costs $1.25. Kansas City also has the METRO bus station which runs through the whole Kansas City Area. Between June 1 and September 20, the fare is reduced to $0.25 on days for which the amount of ground level ozone is predicted to be high.
Parks and parkways
Kansas City is well-known for its spacious parkways and many parks. The parkway system winds its way through the city with broad, landscaped medians that include statuary and fountains. One of the best examples is Ward Parkway on the west side of the city, near the Kansas state line.
Swope Park is one of the nation's larger in-city parks, comprising 1,763 acress (2.75 mi²)[5]. It includes a full-fledged zoo, two golf courses, a lake, an amphitheatre, day-camp area, and numerous picnic grounds.
Kansas City has always had one of the nation's best urban forestry programs. At one time, almost all residential streets were planted with a solid canopy of American elms but Dutch elm disease devastated them. Most of the elms died and were replaced with a variety of other shade trees. A program is underway currently to replace many of the fast-growing sweetgum trees with hardwood varieties.
Kansas City cuisine
Kansas City is most famous for its steak and barbecue.
Kansas City steaks
During the heyday of the Kansas City Stockyards, the city was known for its Kansas City steaks or Kansas City strip steaks. The most famous of the steakhouses is the Golden Ox in the Livestock Exchange Building in the stockyards in the West Bottoms. The stockyards, which were second only to those of Chicago in size, never recovered from the Great Flood of 1951 and eventually closed. The famed Kansas City Strip cut of steak is actually identical to the New York Strip cut, and is sometimes referred to just as a strip steak.
Kansas City-style barbecue
Main article: Kansas City-style barbecue
Kansas City calls itself the "world capital of barbecue." There are more than 90 barbecue restaurants[6] in the metropolitan area and the American Royal each fall claims to host the world's biggest barbecue contest.
The classic Kansas City-style barbecue was an inner city phenomenon that evolved from the pit of Henry Perry from the Memphis, Tennessee area in the early 1900s and blossomed in the 18th and Vine neighborhood. Arthur Bryant's was to take over the Perry restaurant and added molasses to sweeten the recipe. In 1946 Gates and Sons Bar-B-Q was opened by one of Perry's cooks. The Gates recipe added even more molasses. Although Bryant's and Gates are the two definitive Kansas City barbecue restaurants they have had little or no luck exporting the barbecue beyond the Kansas City metropolitan area.
In 1977 Rich Davis, a white child psychologist doctor, test marketed his own concoction called K.C. Soul Style Barbecue Sauce. He renamed it KC Masterpiece and in 1986 he sold the sauce to the Kingsford division of Clorox. Davis retained rights to operate restaurants using the name and sauce, and there restaurants in the suburb of Overland Park, KS and on The Plaza in Kansas City, MO.
Kansas City Jazz
Main article: Kansas City Jazz
Kansas City Jazz in the 1930's marked the transition from big bands to the bebop influence of the 1940s. In the 1930s Big City Boss Tom Pendergast was at his zenith of his power and left Kansas City a wide open town in which night clubs were allowed to remain open from dusk to dawn. In this venue an era of musical improvisation developed in which it was not uncommon for a single "song" to be performed all night by competing performers who passed through the city. The era ended in 1936 when producer John H. Hammond began signing Kansas City talent and transferring the acts to New York City.
The era of Kansas City influence is bracketed by the signing of Count Basie in 1929 to the advent of Kansas City native Charlie Parker in the 1940s. Pendergast pleaded guilty to income tax evasion in 1939 and the city soon began a crackdown of the clubs.
In the 1970s Kansas City attempted to resurrect the glory of the jazz era in a sanitized family friendly atmosphere. In the 1970s an effort to open jazz clubs in the River Quay area of City Market along the Missouri ended in a gangland war in which three of the new clubs were blown up in what ultimately resulted in the removal of Kansas City mob influence in the Las Vegas casinos that was partially depicted in the movie Casino (movie).
In 1981, 114 people died in the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse at a tea dance that was attempting to recreate the jazz era. In 1999 the American Jazz Museum opened in the 18th and Vine neighborhood.
Attractions
Kansas City ranks second in the world in number of fountains (160), exceeded only by Rome.
- 39th Street District, known as restaurant row and featuring one of Kansas City's largest selections of independently owned restaurants and boutique shops. A center of literary and visual arts and bohemian culture (website)
- American Jazz Museum (website)
- Negro Leagues Baseball Museum (website)
- 18th and Vine Historic District
- River Market District (website)
- Crown Center, headquarters of Hallmark Cards and major downtown shopping and entertainment complex. Connected to Union Station by a series of covered walkways.
- Country Club Plaza, upscale, outdoor shopping district, and first shopping district designed to accommodate shoppers arriving by automobile.
- Ward Parkway, beautiful, landscaped boulevard known for its Italian art and historic large houses.
- Kansas City's Union Station, now home to Science City, restaurants, shopping, theaters, and the city's Amtrak facility.
- Liberty Memorial (website)-- Official World War I memorial and museum in the United States. Tower and observation deck restored and re-opened in 2002. Currently an even larger museum is being constructed underneath the monument.
- Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
- Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art
- Prospero's Books, A Kansas City Literary staple with 50,000 used book titles in an historic 3-story building. Hosting live readings, music and publishing counter cultural happenings (website)
- The Roasterie (website)
- Broadway Cafe (website)
- City Market (website)
- Airline History Museum
- Toy and Miniature Museum of Kansas City
- Westport, oldest part of the city and a vibrant entertainment district.
- Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun
- Kansas City Zoo, in Swope Park.
- Charlie Parker Memorial, at 17th Terrace and the Paseo
- Arabia Steamboat Museum (www.1856.com), in the historic River Market.
- Laugh-O-Gram Studio (www.laughograms.com), Walt Disney's original cartoon studio in Kansas City. Now being renovated.
- Kansas City barbecue
- Kansas City Museum (website), located in a beautifully renovated 1910 mansion.
- Kansas City Renaissance Festival (website), annual festival that runs through the fall that features live entertainers, a medieval village, rides, games, sword fights, and more.
- Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum (website), located in Kansas City suburb of Independence, MO.
Educational institutions
Post-secondary
- Avila University
- Calvary Bible College
- DeVry University of Kansas City
- Kansas City Art Institute
- Kansas City College
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences (KCUMB)
- Metropolitan Community College-Kansas City ( website )
- MCC-Penn Valley
- MCC-Longview
- MCC-Maple Woods
- MCC-Business and Technology
- MCC-Blue River
- Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary
- National American University
- Nazarene Theological Seminary ( website )
- Park University ( [7] )
- Rockhurst University
- University of Missouri - Kansas City (UMKC)
- University of Phoenix - Kansas City
- Webster University - Kansas City
- Vatterott College
Elementary and secondary
Kansas City is served by a variety of school districts.
School districts that serve Kansas City include:
- Center 58 School District
- Grandview Consolidated No.4 School District
- Hickman Mills Consolidated No.1 School District
- Kansas City, Missouri School District.
- Lee's Summit R-VII School District
- Liberty Schools
- North Kansas City School District
- Park Hill School District
- Raytown Consolidated No.2 School District
- Smithville School District
Private schools in Kansas City include:
- The Barstow School
- Lutheran High School
- Notre Dame de Sion
- The Pembroke Hill School
- Rockhurst High School
- Archbishop O'Hara Highschool
- Saint Pius X High School
Media
Print media
The Kansas City Star is the area's primary newspaper. William Rockhill Nelson first published the evening paper on September 1, 1880. The Star competed heavily with the morningTimes before acquiring it in 1926 and discontinuing it in March 1990.
Monthly newspapers such as The Kansas City Metro Voice and The Business Journal, and several weekly papers, including The Pitch, the bilingual paper "Dos Mundos" and various suburban papers also serve the Kansas City area.
Camp newspaper is a news and features monthly that serves the LGBT & Allied community of Greater Kansas City.
Broadcast media
The Kansas City media market (ranked 29 by Arbitron and 31 by Nielsen) includes ten television channels along with 30 FM and 21 AM radio stations.
Film community
Kansas City has often been a locale for Hollywood productions and television programming. Most notably, the 1983 television movie The Day After was filmed in Kansas City and Lawrence, Kansas. The 1990's film starring Gary Sinise, entitled Truman, was also filmed in various parts of the city. Other films shot in (or around) Kansas City, MO include Article 99, Mr. & Mrs. Bridge, Kansas City, Paper Moon, In Cold Blood, Kansas City and Sometimes They Come Back (in and around nearby Liberty, MO).
Airports
Sports
Current teams
Kansas City sports teams presently include the following:
Past teams
Future teams
With the construction of the new Sprint Center arena, Kansas City is hoping to receive an NHL or NBA franchise in the near future. The most likely possibility is the relocation of the Orlando Magic, a return of the Sacramento Kings from the NBA.[citation needed]
Sporting events
- Kansas City is often the home of the Big 12 College Basketball Tournaments. Men's Basketball is played at Kemper Arena, while women's Basketball is played at Municipal Auditorium. Lately newer arenas in Dallas and Oklahoma City have hosted the tournament.
- Arrowhead Stadium serves as the venue for various intercollegiate football games. Often it is the host of the Big 12 Football Title Game.
On the last weekend in October, the Fall Classic rivalry game between Northwest Missouri State University and Pittsburg State University takes place here. Usually, the Bearcats of Northwest and Gorillas of Pitt State are ranked one-two in the MIAA conference.
In 2005, other games at Arrowhead included Arkansas State playing host to Missouri, and Kansas hosting Oklahoma.
Sports headquarters
Kansas City and nearby Overland Park, Kansas were once the home of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and has hosted ten men's final fours, more than any other city. However, with recent men's final fours taking place in indoor football stadiums (notably the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis in April 2005), hopes of Kansas City hosting an 11th are dependent upon the success of the new Sprint Center in downtown Kansas City, MO.
In recognition of Kansas City's ten final fours, the National Association of Basketball Coaches are based in the city, and will operate a full-time museum in the new Sprint Center when it opens in 2007.
Kansas City is home to the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Association, a NCAA Division II conference of nine schools in Missouri and Kansas.
The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics was formed in Kansas City, and its current headquarters is in suburban Olathe. The national basketball tournament for the NAIA takes place each year in Kansas City's Municipal Auditorium. Kauffman Stadiuam is used for the Royals Home games.
Sister cities
Tainan City, Taiwan
Seville, Spain
Xi'an, People's Republic of China
Freetown, Sierra Leone
Ramla, Israel
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
Kurashiki, Japan
Metz, France- Guadalajara, Mexico
Hannover, Germany
Arusha, Tanzania
See also
External links
- VisitKC.com - Official Travel and Tourism Site for Kansas City
- City of Kansas City
- Kansas City's 150th anniversary timeline
- Images of Kansas City from the Library of Congress website
- History Database from the Kansas City public library
- 'Ward Parkway: a Grand American Avenue (University of Missouri - Kansas City)
- Kansas City Chamber of Commerce
- Downtown Council
- Kansas City Restaurants and info
- Calendar of events via Upcoming.org
- DocumentKC - Wiki for Kansas City
- Kansas City Restaurant Guide
- Kansas City Fountains
- Read blogs from around KC
Kansas City metropolitan area's cities and counties | ||
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| Central city |  | |
| Largest cities (over 100,000 in 2000) | ||
| Medium-sized cities (10,000 to 100,000 in 2000) | ||
| Smaller cities (between 5,000 and 9,900 in 2010) | ||
| Counties | ||
