9th United States Congress

9th United States Congress
8th ← → 10th
United States Capitol (1800)
March 4, 1805 – March 4, 1807
Members	34 senators 142 representatives 3 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Democratic-Republican
Senate President	George Clinton (DR)
House majority	Democratic-Republican
House Speaker	Nathaniel Macon (DR)
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1805 – March 4, 1805 1st: December 2, 1805 – April 21, 1806 2nd: December 1, 1806 – March 4, 1807

The Ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1805, to March 4, 1807, during the fifth and sixth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition scouted the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest.

Major events

Main articles: 1805 in the United States, 1806 in the United States, and 1807 in the United States

• June 1, 1805: First Barbary War ends.
• November 7, 1805: Lewis and Clark Expedition arrived at the Pacific Ocean.
• September 23, 1806: Lewis and Clark Expedition returned to St. Louis, Missouri, thereby ending the exploration of the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest.
• February 19, 1807: Former Vice President Aaron Burr was tried for conspiracy and acquitted.

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 9th United States Congress

• March 29, 1806 - Cumberland Road, ch. 19, 2 Stat. 357
• February 24, 1807 - Seventh Circuit Act of 1807, ch. 16, (2 Stat. 420)
• March 2, 1807 - Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, ch. 22, 2 Stat. 426
• March 3, 1807 - Insurrection Act, ch. 39, 2 Stat. 443

Territories organized

• June 30, 1805 Michigan Territory was formed from a portion of the Indiana Territory

Senate President George Clinton

Senate President pro tempore
Samuel Smith (DR)

House Speaker
Nathaniel Macon (DR)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of previous congress	25	9	34	0
Begin	26	7	33	1
End
Final voting share	78.8%	21.2%
Beginning of next congress	28	6	34	0

House of Representatives

	Party (shading shows control)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of previous congress	102	39	141	1
Begin	113	26	139	3
End	112	28	140	2
Final voting share	80.0%	20.0%
Beginning of next congress	115	25	140	1

Leadership

Senate

• President: George Clinton (DR)
• President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR)

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Nathaniel Macon (DR)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

Connecticut

• 1. James Hillhouse (F)
• 3. Uriah Tracy (F)

Delaware

• 1. Samuel White (F)
• 2. James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia

• 2. Abraham Baldwin (DR)
• 3. James Jackson (DR), until March 19, 1806
  • John Milledge (DR), from June 19, 1806

Kentucky

• 2. Buckner Thruston (DR)
• 3. John Breckinridge (DR), until August 7, 1805
  • John Adair (DR), November 8, 1805 – November 18, 1806
  • Henry Clay (DR), from November 19, 1806

Maryland

• 1. Samuel Smith (DR)
• 3. Robert Wright (DR), until November 12, 1806
  • Philip Reed (DR), from November 25, 1806

Massachusetts

• 1. John Quincy Adams (F)
• 2. Timothy Pickering (F)

New Hampshire

• 2. Nicholas Gilman (DR)
• 3. William Plumer (F)

New Jersey

• 1. John Condit (DR)
• 2. Aaron Kitchell (DR)

New York

• 1. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)
• 3. John Smith (DR)

North Carolina

• 2. James Turner (DR), from December 22, 1805
• 3. David Stone (DR), until February 17, 1807

Ohio

• 1. John Smith (DR)
• 3. Thomas Worthington (DR)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Samuel Maclay (DR)
• 3. George Logan (DR)

Rhode Island

• 1. Benjamin Howland (DR)
• 2. James Fenner (DR)

South Carolina

• 2. Thomas Sumter (DR)
• 3. John Gaillard (DR)

Tennessee

• 1. Joseph Anderson (DR)
• 2. Daniel Smith (DR)

Vermont

• 1. Israel Smith (DR)
• 3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR)

Virginia

• 1. Andrew Moore (DR)
• 2. William B. Giles (DR)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are listed by their district numbers

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Samuel W. Dana (F)
• At-large. John Davenport (F)
• At-large. Jonathan O. Moseley (F)
• At-large. Timothy Pitkin (F), seated September 16, 1805
• At-large. John Cotton Smith (F), until August 1806
  • Theodore Dwight (F), seated December 1, 1806
• At-large. Lewis B. Sturges (F), seated September 16, 1805
• At-large. Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware

• At-large. James M. Broom (F)

Georgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Joseph Bryan (DR), until 1806
  • Dennis Smelt (DR), from September 1, 1806
• At-large. Peter Early (DR)
• At-large. David Meriwether (DR)
• At-large. Cowles Mead (DR), until December 24, 1805
  • Thomas Spalding (DR), December 24, 1805 – 1806
  • William W. Bibb (DR), from January 26, 1807

Kentucky

• 1. Matthew Lyon (DR)
• 2. John Boyle (DR)
• 3. Matthew Walton (DR)
• 4. Thomas Sandford (DR)
• 5. John Fowler (DR)
• 6. George M. Bedinger (DR)

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

• 1. John Campbell (F)
• 2. Leonard Covington (DR)
• 3. Patrick Magruder (DR)
• 4. Roger Nelson (DR)
• 5. William McCreery (DR)
• 5. Nicholas R. Moore (DR)
• 6. John Archer (DR)
• 7. Joseph H. Nicholson (DR), until March 1, 1806
  • Edward Lloyd (DR), from December 3, 1806
• 8. Charles Goldsborough (F)

Massachusetts

• 1. Josiah Quincy (F)
• 2. Jacob Crowninshield (DR)
• 3. Jeremiah Nelson (F)
• 4. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
• 5. William Ely (F)
• 6. Samuel Taggart (F)
• 7. Joseph Barker (DR)
• 8. Isaiah L. Green (DR)
• 9. Phanuel Bishop (DR)
• 10. Seth Hastings (F)
• 11. William Stedman (F)
• 12. Barnabas Bidwell (DR)
• 13. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
• 14. Richard Cutts (DR)
• 15. Peleg Wadsworth (F)
• 16. Orchard Cook (DR)
• 17. John Chandler (DR)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Silas Betton (F)
• At-large. Caleb Ellis (F)
• At-large. David Hough (F)
• At-large. Samuel Tenney (F)
• At-large. Thomas W. Thompson (F)

New Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Ezra Darby (DR)
• At-large. Ebenezer Elmer (DR)
• At-large. William Helms (DR)
• At-large. John Lambert (DR)
• At-large. James Sloan (DR)
• At-large. Henry Southard (DR)

New York

• 1. Eliphalet Wickes (DR)
• 2. and 3. Joint district with two seats.
  • Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)
  • George Clinton (DR)
• 4. Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)
• 5. John Blake, Jr. (DR)
• 6. Daniel C. Verplanck (DR)
• 7. Martin G. Schuneman (DR)
• 8. Henry W. Livingston (F)
• 9. Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)
• 10. Josiah Masters (DR)
• 11. Peter Sailly (DR)
• 12. David Thomas (DR)
• 13. Thomas Sammons (DR)
• 14. John Russell (DR)
• 15. Nathan Williams (DR)
• 16. Uri Tracy (DR)
• 17. Silas Halsey (DR)

North Carolina

• 1. Thomas Wynns (DR)
• 2. Willis Alston (DR)
• 3. Thomas Blount (DR)
• 4. William Blackledge (DR)
• 5. Thomas Kenan (DR)
• 6. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
• 7. Duncan McFarlan (DR)
• 8. Richard Stanford (DR)
• 9. Marmaduke Williams (DR)
• 10. Nathaniel Alexander (DR), until November 1805
  • Evan S. Alexander (DR), from February 24, 1806
• 11. James Holland (DR)
• 12. Joseph Winston (DR)

Ohio

• At-large. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.

• 1. Joseph Clay (DR)
• 1. Michael Leib (DR), until February 14, 1806
  • John Porter (DR), from December 8, 1806
• 1. Jacob Richards (DR)
• 2. Robert Brown (DR)
• 2. Frederick Conrad (DR)
• 2. John Pugh (DR)
• 3. Isaac Anderson (DR)
• 3. Christian Lower (DR), until December 19, 1806, vacant thereafter
• 3. John Whitehill (DR)
• 4. David Bard (DR)
• 4. John A. Hanna (DR), until July 23, 1805
  • Robert Whitehill (DR), from November 7, 1805
• 5. Andrew Gregg (DR)
• 6. James Kelly (F)
• 7. John Rea (DR)
• 8. William Findley (DR)
• 9. John Smilie (DR)
• 10. John Hamilton (DR)
• 11. Samuel Smith (DR), seated November 7, 1805

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Nehemiah Knight (DR)
• At-large. Joseph Stanton, Jr. (DR)

South Carolina

• 1. Robert Marion (DR)
• 2. William Butler, Sr. (DR)
• 3. David R. Williams (DR)
• 4. O'Brien Smith (DR)
• 5. Richard Winn (DR)
• 6. Levi Casey (DR), until February 3, 1807, vacant thereafter
• 7. Thomas Moore (DR)
• 8. Elias Earle (DR)

Tennessee

• 1. John Rhea (DR)
• 2. George W. Campbell (DR)
• 3. William Dickson (DR)

Vermont

• 1. Gideon Olin (DR)
• 2. James Elliott (F)
• 3. James Fisk (DR)
• 4. Martin Chittenden (F)

Virginia

• 1. John G. Jackson (DR)
• 2. John Morrow (DR)
• 3. John Smith (DR)
• 4. David Holmes (DR)
• 5. Alexander Wilson (DR)
• 6. Abram Trigg (DR)
• 7. Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F)
• 8. Walter Jones (DR)
• 9. Philip R. Thompson (DR)
• 10. John Dawson (DR)
• 11. James M. Garnett (DR)
• 12. Burwell Bassett (DR)
• 13. Christopher Clark (DR), until July 1, 1806
  • William A. Burwell (DR), from December 1, 1806
• 14. Matthew Clay (DR)
• 15. John Randolph (DR)
• 16. John W. Eppes (DR)
• 17. John Claiborne (DR)
• 18. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
• 19. Edwin Gray (DR)
• 20. Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
• 21. Thomas M. Randolph (DR)
• 22. John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

• Indiana Territory. Benjamin Parke, seated December 12, 1805
• Mississippi Territory. William Lattimore
• Orleans Territory. Daniel Clark, seated December 1, 1806

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

|- | North Carolina
(2) | Vacant | Montfort Stokes (DR) was elected in 1804 but declined the position.
Successor elected December 22, 1805. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Turner (DR) | Seated December 22, 1805

|- | Kentucky
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Breckinridge (DR) | Resigned August 7, 1805, after being appointed United States Attorney General.
Successor elected November 8, 1805, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Adair (DR) | Seated November 8, 1805

|- | Georgia
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Jackson (DR) | Died March 19, 1806.
Winner elected June 19, 1806, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Milledge (DR) | Seated June 19, 1806

|- | Maryland
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Robert Wright (DR) | Resigned November 12, 1806, after being elected Governor of Maryland.
Successor elected November 25, 1806, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807 (as well as to the next term). | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Philip Reed (DR) | Seated November 25, 1806

|- | Kentucky
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Adair (DR) | Resigned November 18, 1806, after losing the election to the next term.
Successor elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional age minimum. | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Henry Clay (DR) | Seated November 19, 1806

|- | North Carolina
(3) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | David Stone (DR) | Resigned February 17, 1807.
Vacant for remainder of Congress. | Vacant

|}

House of Representatives

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- | Connecticut
At-large | Vacant | Calvin Goddard (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Timothy Pitkin (F) | Seated September 16, 1805

|- | Connecticut
At-large | Vacant | Roger Griswold (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Lewis B. Sturges (F) | Seated September 16, 1805

|- | Pennsylvania
11th | Vacant | John B. C. Lucas (DR) resigned before the beginning of this Congress | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Samuel Smith (DR) | Seated November 7, 1805

|- | Pennsylvania
4th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John A. Hanna (DR) | Died July 23, 1805 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Robert Whitehill (DR) | Seated November 7, 1805

|- | North Carolina
10th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Nathaniel Alexander (DR) | Resigned November, 1805 after being elected Governor of North Carolina | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Evan S. Alexander (DR) | Seated February 24, 1806

|- | nowrap | Indiana Territory | Vacant | Territory elected delegate to Congress for first time | Benjamin Parke | Elected December 12, 1805

|- | Georgia
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Cowles Mead (DR) | Lost contested election December 24, 1805 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Spalding (DR) | Seated December 24, 1805

|- | Georgia
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Bryan (DR) | Resigned sometime in 1806 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Dennis Smelt (DR) | September 1, 1806

|- | Georgia
At-large | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Spalding (DR) | Resigned sometime in 1806 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William W. Bibb (DR) | Seated January 26, 1807

|- | Pennsylvania
1st | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Michael Leib (DR) | Resigned February 14, 1806 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Porter (DR) | Seated December 8, 1806

|- | Maryland
7th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph H. Nicholson (DR) | Resigned March 1, 1806 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Edward Lloyd (DR) | Seated December 3, 1806

|- | Virginia
13th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Christopher H. Clark (DR) | Resigned July 1, 1806 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William A. Burwell (DR) | December 1, 1806

|- | Connecticut
At-large | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Cotton Smith (F) | Resigned sometime in August, 1806 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Theodore Dwight (F) | December 1, 1806

|- | nowrap | Territory of Orleans | Vacant | Territory elected delegate to Congress for first time | Daniel Clark | Elected December 1, 1806

|- | Pennsylvania
3rd | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Christian Lower (DR) | Resigned December 19, 1806 | Vacant | Not filled for remainder of term

|- | South Carolina
6th | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Levi Casey (DR) | Died February 3, 1807 | Vacant | Not filled for remainder of term

|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Army Regulations (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Frederick Conrad)
• Claims (Chairman: John C. Smith then David Holmes)
• Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Jacob Crowninshield)
• Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then John Boyle then Andrew Gregg)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Samuel Tenney)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Ways and Means (Chairman: John Randolph then Joseph Clay)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: N/A then Sen. James Turner)
• The Library (Chairman: N/A)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
• Librarian of Congress: John J. Beckley

Senate

• Chaplain: Alexander T. McCormick, Episcopalian, elected November 7, 1804
  • Edward Gantt, Episcopalian, elected December 4, 1805
  • John J. Sayrs, Episcopalian, elected December 3, 1806
• Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
• Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: James Laurie, Presbyterian, elected December 2, 1805
  • Robert Elliot, Presbyterian, elected December 1, 1806
• Clerk: John Beckley
• Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
• Reading Clerks: [data missing]
• Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton

See also

• 1804 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
  • 1804 United States presidential election
  • 1804 and 1805 United States Senate elections
  • 1804 and 1805 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1806 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections
  • 1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists