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Icelandair
File:Icelandair logo.svg
IATA ICAO Call sign
FI ICE ICEAIR
Founded1937
HubsKeflavík International Airport
Frequent-flyer programSaga Club
Fleet size30
Destinations43[1]
Parent companyIcelandair Group
HeadquartersReykjavík Airport
Reykjavík, Iceland
Key peopleBirkir Hólm Guðnason, CEO
Websiteicelandair.com

Icelandair is the main airline of Iceland, headquartered at Reykjavík Airport in Reykjavík.[2] It is part of the Icelandair Group and, during the summer of 2015, operated scheduled services to 39 cities in 16 countries on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean out of its hub at Keflavík International Airport.[1][3] The geographical position of Iceland allows one-stop transatlantic flights, which are one pillar of the airline's business strategy, along with traffic to and from the country.[4]

History

Flugfélag Íslands in the early decades

The first Flugfélag Íslands Douglas DC-4, dubbed Gullfaxi, arriving at London Heathrow Airport in June 1953.

Icelandair traces its roots back to 1937, when Flugfélag Akureyrar was founded in Akureyri on the north coast of Iceland. Flight operations started in 1938 with a single floatplane of the type Waco YKS-7. In 1939 the airline was grounded when this aircraft was destroyed in a capsizing accident. The company moved to Reykjavík, where it acquired another Waco aircraft and was re-launched in 1940 as Flugfélag Íslands, which translates as Flight Company of Iceland.[5] Previously, two unrelated airlines of the same name had existed in the country (from 1919 to 1920, and between 1928 and 1931).[6] For international purposes, the name Iceland Airways was adopted.[7]

The fleet was expanded with a Beechcraft Model 18 in 1942; and with two de Havilland Dragon Rapides[8] and a Consolidated PBY Catalina in 1944, the latter being the first ever aircraft registered in Iceland to be flown to Iceland by an Icelandic crew from North America.[9] On 11 July 1945, this aircraft operated the first commercial flight over the Atlantic Ocean for the airline, which led from Reykjavík to Largs in Scotland, with four passengers and four crew members on board. Regular flights to Prestwick Airport in Scotland and Copenhagen in Denmark, using Consolidated B-24 Liberator aircraft leased from Scottish Airlines were launched in 1946.[6]

In the same year, comfort and performance of domestic flights in Iceland could be improved with the introduction of the Douglas DC-3. A total of six airliners of that type had been purchased, which remained in service with the airline until 1972, the oldest one being still flightworthy as of 2011.[10] Until the late 1960s, Flugfélag concentrated mostly on domestic flights, where it initially faced fierce competition from Loftleiðir, another airline which had been founded in 1944. When a merger proposal of the Icelandic government was rejected by the two airlines, the domestic routes were split among them as a measure to ease competition. When Loftleiðir pulled out of the domestic market in 1952 to fully concentrate on international flights, Flugfélag became the main domestic carrier of the country.

Icelandair Vickers Viscount at London Heathrow Airport in 1962.

International services stayed part of the business model of Flugfélag, though to a far lesser extent compared to Loftleiðir. In 1948, the Douglas C-54 Skymaster was introduced on those routes, and in 1957 two new Vickers 759 Viscounts were acquired, the first turboprop airliners to be operated by an Icelandic airline. In the 1950s, Flugfélag began to use the 'Icelandair' branding for its international flights.[7]

In 1967, Flugfélag was the first Icelandic airline to join the jet age, when a Boeing 727-100 dubbed Gullfaxi was put into service.[11] Another 727 was acquired in 1971, and the aircraft type was operated until 1990.[12] In 2008, the cockpit section of the Gullfaxi was put on display at the Akureyri Aviation Museum.[13]

Loftleiðir

Main article: Loftleiðir

Another company called Loftleiðir had been formed in 1944 by three young pilots returning from their flight training in Canada. Their company, whose name roughly means "Skyways", concentrated on Icelandic domestic air services for the first few years. The first aircraft used were two Stinson Reliants, and then a Grumman Goose[14] amphibious aircraft.

At first, Loftleiðir, like Flugfélag Íslands, concentrated on domestic air services. Loftleiðir began scheduled international operations in 1947.[15]

By 1952, the Icelandic authorities were very worried that fierce competition between both Icelandic airlines would ruin both companies, and attempted to force a merger between them.[16] This did not happen at the time, but instead the authorities split up the domestic routes between the two airlines.[17] As a result, Loftleiðir ceased domestic flights in Iceland entirely, concentrating instead on international flights.[16] Loftleiðir's pioneering low-fare services across the North-Atlantic then commenced in 1953.[18] In a way, Loftleiðir can even be considered a sort of precursor of the low-cost carriers that started operating in the 1970s.[19][20][21] This made it a popular airline for travel between Europe and North America.[22]

The late 1960s were an exciting time for Loftleiðir.[23] In 1969 the company acquired International Air Bahama, a small airline operating Douglas DC-8 jet aircraft out of the Bahamas with transatlantic nonstop service between Nassau and Luxembourg,[24] and a year later Loftleiðir became one of the founders of Cargolux, a cargo airline. Also in 1970, Loftleiðir entered the jet age with its first two Douglas DC-8 aircraft.[25]

During those years, Loftleiðir was often referred to, even by the company's own staff, as "the Hippie Airline" or even "the Hippie Express".[26] Loftleiðir was not famous for speed or punctuality, but flying with the company became a sort of rite of passage for young "hippies" from America travelling to Europe, one of whom was future president of the United States Bill Clinton.[27][28]

Merger with Loftleiðir

During the 1970s energy crisis, the economic situation for both Flugfélag and Loftleiðir worsened. The government of Iceland initiated a new attempt to merge the two airlines, which could be realized in 1973 following lengthy and difficult negotiations.[29] The staff of Loftleiðir complained that Flugfélag, although smaller, had gained the upper hand in the united company.[30] A holding company called Flugleiðir was created, which combined the two companies and began to streamline staff and operations.[31] At the time of the merger, two thirds of the passenger traffic of the airline were international transatlantic crossings, and Flugfélag's fleet of Douglas DC-3s and Boeing 727s was enlarged by the Douglas DC-8s of Loftleiðir. In 1979, Flugfélag bought all of Loftleiðir's assets in Flugleiðir, and the airline was renamed as Icelandair.

Post-merger Icelandair

A pair of Icelandair Douglas DC-8s at Luxembourg-Findel Airport (1983).
A Boeing 727 of Icelandair approaches London Heathrow Airport in 1983.

The aircraft fleet of Icelandair remained mainly unchanged until the Boeing 757-200 became the new backbone for transatlantic flights during the 1990s. The domestic Fokker F27s were replaced by Fokker 50s and Boeing 737s deployed on European routes. The European hub at Luxembourg – Findel Airport had been taken over from Loftleiðir. Passenger count topped one million in 1995[citation needed] as the company's business grew on a reputation as a "backpacker airline", similar to Loftleiðir, which had been referred to as "Hippie Airline" since the late 1960s. In the same year, it was begun to dismantle the Luxemburg hub in favor of today's decentralized European network, linking the largest cities non-stop to Reykjavík.[32]

In 1997 the domestic operations of Icelandair, part of which had previously been operated under the 'Flugfélag Nordurlands' branding, were combined with small airline Nordurflug to form the Air Iceland subsidiary,[33] allowing mainline Icelandair to fully concentrate on international flights since then. In 1999, a new aircraft livery was introduced, as part of an image campaign designed to retire Icelandair's "backpacker" label in favor of an emphasis on business travel. From 2001, the Icelandair hub was moved to Keflavík International Airport. As Icelandair particularly focuses on flights to North America, the company was significantly affected by the airspace closure following the September 11 attacks in the same year.

The Flugleiðir holding was reorganized as Icelandair Group (for aviation business) and FL Group (for non-aviation finance and investment business) between 2002 and 2005, with Icelandair becoming the largest and most important of eleven subsidiaries. The wet-lease and charter department, which was founded in 2003, was named Loftleiðir Icelandic, thus re-introducing a familiar name.[34]

Developments since 2010

Like most Icelandic companies, Icelandair was hit quite hard by the 2008 financial crisis in the country, but was well on the road to recovery[citation needed] when another crisis of a very different kind hit in 2010. The air traffic restrictions following the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull resulted in large parts of the European airspace being closed down. The air travel disruption coincided with the start of the important summer season for the company. The in-house crisis management organization began assessing the situation once the scale of the problem had become known.[35] Thrice-daily crisis meetings were held at the airline's headquarters. Icelandair tried to operate as many passenger flights as possible, keeping its hub at Keflavík open and diverting European flights to airports that were still open. The eventual closure of Keflavík due to the volcanic ash cloud coincided with an improvement of the situation towards Europe, which allowed Icelandair to move its headquarters with 200 staff to Glasgow and operate flights from there for ten days,[36][37] with shuttle flights to Iceland's Akureyri Airport and round-the-clock bus shuttles onwards to Reykjavík.

In the aftermath of the eruption, the government of Iceland launched the successful[38][39][40] "Inspired by Iceland" campaign to regain confidence in travelling to Iceland for tourists and business people,[41] of which Icelandair was a leading participant and initiator.[36]

When the Grímsvötn volcano erupted in 2011, Icelandair once again had to cope with airspace closures in Europe, though this time to a lesser extent due to a higher level of political preparedness.[42][43] Weekly newspaper The Economist claimed that Icelandair could even take advantage when catering for disaster tourists.[44]

In February 2011 Icelandair was chosen "The Knowledge Company" of the year and Icelandair CEO Birkir Hólm Guðnason was picked as "Man of the Year" in the Icelandic business community.[45] In both categories the panel of judges of the Association of Economists and Business Graduates in Iceland said that "the fine results of the company in the previous year showed both a high degree of skill and specialist knowledge within the company as well as excellent leadership."[45] In October of the same year, the airline was awarded the title "Marketing Firm of the Year in Iceland", by a judging panel from IMARK, the Marketing Association in Iceland.[46]

Further route expansion

TF-FIU (Hekla Aurora), an Icelandair Boeing 757-200 in a special livery depicting the aurora borealis or northern lights, departs Geneva Airport.

After having launched scheduled flights to Washington D.C. in 2011,[47] Denver was announced as a new U.S. destination for 2012, followed by Anchorage in 2013, bringing the total number of cities served in the country up to eight, along with Boston, Minneapolis, New York City, Orlando and Seattle.[48] Also in 2012, Icelandair resumed domestic services, with regular flights linking Akureyri to its Keflavík hub through subsidiary company Air Iceland.[49]

Operations have doubled over a five-year period. New destinations in 2014 were Edmonton and Vancouver in Canada; and Geneva. Twice weekly flights to Vancouver commenced on 13 May 2014 and continued until October that year. Flights to Edmonton started on 4 March 2014, with a year-round service operating five times a week. The Geneva service started on 24 May 2014 and continued twice weekly until September.[50]

On 9 December 2014, Icelandair revealed a northern lights themed Boeing 757-200 (registration TF-FIU) named Hekla Aurora.[51] The aircraft was officially launched in February 2015 as part of the company’s #MyStopover campaign. The exterior, which was hand-painted by a team of highly skilled airbrush artists from the UK, features artwork depicting an Icelandic winter scene complete with the Aurora Borealis. An installation of LED mood lighting in the cabin continues the theme by emulating both the colours and dancing patterns of the aurora. As part of Icelandair’s transatlantic fleet, the Hekla Aurora flies to all of the airline’s 40 destinations and has a three-day schedule available for passengers and observers.[52]

On 5 February 2015, Birmingham became Icelandair’s 5th gateway in the UK, and the 39th overall, with flights operating twice weekly, on Thursdays and Mondays.[53] On 19 May 2015 Icelandair launched scheduled flights to and from Portland, Oregon in the US: its 14th destination in North America. Flights were set to operate twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Thursdays, until 20 October.[54] Further expansion of Icelandair’s global network was announced on 12 May 2015 with new, year-round services from Chicago O’Hare International Airport. Services commenced on 16 March 2016, with flights to Iceland operating four days a week.[55]

On 17 August 2015 Icelandair announced the augmentation of its global flight network with a new service between Keflavik and Aberdeen, the company’s second Scottish destination. The new service, operated by Air Iceland (a subsidiary of Icelandair Group), commenced in March the following year, with flights scheduled four times per week.[56]

Icelandair commenced scheduled flights to Paris Orly Airport beginning on 29 March 2016.[57] Services to Montreal, Canada began on 26 May 2016.[58]

In Sep 2016 Icelandair announced services to Philadelphia, USA, starting in May 2017 and Tampa, USA starting in Sep 2017.[59]

Stopover

Since the 1960s, Icelandair has offered passengers travelling on transatlantic flights between North America and Europe an opportunity to stopover in Iceland for up to seven days, at no additional cost. In order to raise awareness about its stopover offer, the company launched a new social media initiative in 2014, with the hashtag #MyStopover.[60]

Inflight service

Icelandair offers three booking classes: Economy, Economy Comfort and Saga Class (the last being equivalent to business class). Free meals are only available in Economy Comfort and Saga Class, and a buy on board service is provided for Economy Class passengers.[61]

All of Icelandair's aircraft are equipped with a free of charge AVOD in-flight entertainment system that includes seatback, touch-screen monitors for each passenger.[62] The airline claims to be especially children-friendly. At-cost meals, blankets, pillows and headsets are provided, and the inflight system hosts a selection of children's movies.[63]

Almost all of Icelandair's fleet is equipped with in-flight WiFi, provided by Row 44. The installation of WiFi in all the airline's B757-200/300 is expected to be completed by the autumn of 2015.[64][65]

Special Assistance is provided for travelling with pets,[66] young travellers and infants,[67][68][69] and Special Service, e.g. for blind people with seeing-eye dogs, expectant mothers, wheelchair service, POC systems.[70]

Icelandair Info, the inflight magazine of Icelandair, is printed four times a year in Icelandic and English. First published in 2008, it is also the product catalogue for the airline's Saga Shop. The frequent flyer program of the airline is called Saga Club.[71]

On 1 April 2013 Icelandic band Sigur Rós debuted its latest album, Valtari, exclusively onboard Icelandair's aircraft, two months before the album's general release. Biophilia, Björk's 2011 album, had earlier been released on Icelandair's fleet in the same way.[72]

Destinations

Main article: Icelandair destinations

Icelandair flies from Iceland to 26 destinations in Europe and 18 destinations in North America. A few of these destinations are seasonal.

Codeshare agreements

Icelandair codeshares with the following airlines:[73]

Fleet

Icelandair Boeing 757-200
Icelandair Boeing 757-300

As of December 2016, Icelandair uses an all-Boeing fleet made up of the following aircraft:[74]

Icelandair fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
C Y Total
Boeing 737 MAX 8 — 9[75][76] TBA 153[75] Deliveries 2018 to 2021.[75]
Boeing 737 MAX 9 — 7[75][76] TBA 172[75]
Boeing 757-200 25 — 22 161 183 Older aircraft to be replaced by 737 MAX.[citation needed]
Boeing 757-300 1 — 22 200 222
Boeing 767-300ER 4 — 23 237 262[77] [78]
Boeing 787-8 — 1 [79] TBA Order reduced from four aircraft to one[80]
Total 30 17

All of the aircraft in Icelandair's fleet are named after Icelandic volcanoes.[81]

In 2005, the airline, on behalf of its parent company Icelandair Group, announced an order for ten Boeing 737-800 aircraft with options for five more.[82] Those options were later exercised.[83] These were not placed into service by the airline but leased to other airlines.[84] During that same year, Icelandair announced an order for two Boeing 787 Dreamliners.[85] In 2006, Icelandair announced an order for two more Boeing 787s.[86][87] In 2011, it was announced that orders for three of the 787s had been cancelled.[80]

On 13 February 2013, Icelandair Group announced that the company had finalized an order with Boeing for sixteen new Boeing 737 MAX aircraft.[88] Purchase rights for eight additional 737s had also been signed. The value for all sixteen aircraft was USD 1.6 billion at Boeing list prices, but the actual purchase price was confidential. The aircraft will be delivered in 2018-2021. The order is for nine 737 MAX 8s configured for 153 passengers; and seven 737 MAX 9s to hold 172 passengers. In comparison, Icelandair Group’s current Boeing 757-200 aircraft hold 183 passengers.[89]

Formerly operated

A Boeing 767-300ER of Icelandair lands at Frankfurt Airport in 2006
An Icelandair Boeing 737-400 at Faro Airport in 1992

Over the years, the airline operated the following aircraft types:[90][91]

Icelandair historical fleet
Aircraft Introduced Retired
Boeing 727 (series -100 and -200)
1967
1990
Boeing 737-300
1997
2004
Boeing 737-400
1989
2001
Douglas DC-3
?
1970
Douglas DC-4
?
1958
Douglas DC-6
1956
1972
Douglas DC-8
1969
1990
McDonnell Douglas DC-10
1970
1980
Fokker F27 Friendship
1968
1992
Fokker 50
1992
1997
Vickers Viscount
1958
1970
Canadair CL-44
1964
1970

Icelandair Cargo

Icelandair Cargo is a sister airline to Icelandair; it is Icelandair Group's cargo airline subsidiary. Flugfélag Íslands and Loftleiðir used their aircraft to carry freight as well as passengers; and when Icelandair was established in 1973 a freight division was set up within the airline. After years of operating freighter aircraft as part of Icelandair, Icelandair Cargo was established as a separate entity in 2000. The airline uses available space in the baggage compartments of Icelandair's passenger aircraft, as well as operating two Boeing 757 freighters between New York, Keflavik and Liège in Belgium.[92]

Fleet

Icelandair Cargo Boeing 757-200PF

As of December 2016 the Icelandair Cargo fleet consists of the following aircraft:[74][93]

Icelandair Cargo fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Notes
Boeing 757-200PF 1 —
Boeing 757-200PCF 1 —
Total 2 0

Environmental policy

Icelandair has adopted a strict environmental policy in keeping with Iceland's image as an unspoiled country with clean air, water, sea and nature in general. The goal of this policy is to minimize Icelandair’s total environmental impact and to establish sustainable practices by optimizing the use of the resources at the company's disposal.[94] This is done in a variety of ways, from recycling paper in the company's office to trying to create one of the "greenest" ground crews in the industry at Keflavik Airport to inviting passengers to participate in planting trees.[95]

Iceland Airwaves

As one of Iceland's largest companies, Icelandair sponsors many events and charities. The company is, together with the City of Reykjavík, one of two main sponsors of the hugely popular Iceland Airwaves, the annual music festival held in Reykjavík on the first weekend in November.[96] The festival spans five days (Wednesday–Sunday) and its main focus is showcasing new music, both Icelandic and international.

Accidents and incidents

  • On 29 May 1947, a Flugfélag Islands Douglas DC-3 (registered TF-ISI) crashed near Hjedinsfjordur during a scheduled domestic flight from Reykjavík to Akureyri, killing the 21 passengers and 4 crew on board. To date, this remains the worst aviation accident in Iceland.[97]
  • On 7 March 1948, a Avro Anson Mk5 belonging to Loftleiðir crashed on the mountain Skálafell enroute from the Westmann Islands (Vestmannaeyjar) to Reykjavík, killing the pilot and the five passengers on board.[98]
  • On 31 January 1951, the seventeen passengers and three crew members on board a DC-3 registered TF-ISG were killed when the aircraft crashed in the sea off the Icelandic coast near Hafnarfjörður. The pilots were attempting to land the aircraft at Reykjavík Airport in heavy snowfalls following a flight from Vestmannaeyjar, when radar contact was lost.[99]
  • On 14 April 1963, a Vickers Viscount (registered TF-ISU) crashed on approach to Oslo-Fornebu Airport. All 12 people on board were killed.[100]
  • On 26 September 1970, a Flugfélag Fokker F27 Friendship (registered TF-FIL) crashed into a mountain near Vágar, Faroe Islands while approaching Vágar Airport following a scheduled passenger flight from Bergen, in what is known a controlled flight into terrain. Of the 34 people on board, 7 passengers and 1 crew member were killed.[101]
  • On 15 November 1978, due to a fault in the ground based Instrument landing system transmitter, a Douglas DC-8 registered TF-FLA missed the runway while attempting to land at Colombo Airport in Sri Lanka during a chartered Hajj pilgrimage flight from Jeddah and crashed. 74 passengers and 5 crew members survived the accident.[102][103] The disaster of Icelandic Airlines Flight LL 001 (a Loftleiðir flight number, but the company had merged with Flugfélag at that time) with its 183 fatalities marks by far the worst accident in the history of Icelandic aviation.
  • On 22 January 2002, the crew of Icelandair Flight 315, a Boeing 757-200 registered TF-FIO with 75 passengers on board, unintentionally entered a series of extreme manoeuvres during a go-around from a low altitude following an unstabilised approach to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. During the incident the aircraft was subjected to load factors in excess of the design limits, culminating in a dive followed by a +3.59 g pull up manoeuvre clearing the ground by only 321 ft. The speed limit for the flap configuration was also exceeded. Control was regained and a second approach was flown with the aircraft landing safely. The airliner was permitted to proceed on its subsequent scheduled flights without a technical inspection being conducted until 13 March of that year when its manufacturer Boeing recommended further maintenance work after having evaluated the readings from the flight data recorder. The Accident Investigation Board Norway, which led the investigation into the incident, made four safety recommendations, including one to the wider aviation community on operational procedures regarding discontinued approaches.[104]

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