Tontemboan language
| Tontemboan | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | northern Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (150,000 cited 1990)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tnt |
| Glottolog | tont1239 |
Tontemboan is an Austronesian language, of northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is a Minahasan language, a sub-group of the Philippine languages.[2]
Other names and dialect names are: "Makela'i-Maotow, Makelai, Matana'i-Maore', Matanai, Pakewa, Sonder, Tompakewa, Tompaso, Tountemboan."[3]
Vocabulary
| English | Tontemboan | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| one | esa | |
| two | rua | |
| three | tellu | |
| four | epat | |
| five | lima | |
| six | enem | |
| seven | pitu | |
| eight | wallu | |
| nine | siou | |
| ten | mapulu | |
| north | monge | |
| south | meko | |
| west | mako | |
| east | mico | |
| water | rano | |
| shower | lemele | |
| eat | kuman | |
| work | tamawoy | |
| fire | api | |
| ear | lunteng | |
| cold | utiŋ | |
| large | wangkər | |
| I | aku | |
| you | angko | |
| know | -taʔu | |
| say | nuwu |
Usage
As of 2013, an estimated 100,000 people speak the language, but it is not being passed on to children. It is used in an area around Langoan, Sonder, Suluun and Amurang.[5] Documentation of the language assembled by missionaries a century ago is relatively inaccessible to Tontemboan speakers, as it is written in the Dutch language. As of 2013, the Endangered Language Alliance is organizing a series of Tontemboan language events in New York City.[6]
In 1907, Firma P.W.M Trap, Leiden, Holland published a Bible in the Tontemboan language. It was edited by M. Adriani-Gunning and J. Regar.
References
- ^ Tontemboan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Liao, 2008, p. 3.
- ^ OLAC resources in and about the Tontemboan language
- ^ Sneddon, 1970, pp. 20-26.
- ^ Sneddon, 1970, p. 16.
- ^ Bruce Wallace (Director) (2013-10-10). "When New Yorker Rose Monintja speaks her native tongue, the memories flood back". Public Radio International. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
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- Liao, Hsiu-Chan, A Typology of First Person Dual Pronouns and their Reconstructibility in Philippine Languages, Oceanic Linguistics, 47:1, pp. 1–29, 2008.
- Sneddon, J.N, The Languages of Minahasa, North Celebes, Oceanic Linguistics, IX:1, pp. 11–36, 1970.
External links
- OLAC resources in and about the Tontemboan language
- Tontemboan Gospel of Mark
- The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11: 1-9)
