User:Turini2/Accessibility of transport in London

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The accessibility of public transport services across Greater London is incomplete. Much of the rail network in London (including the London Underground and London Overground) was built before accessibility was a requirement. In recent years, major station upgrades and new infrastructure such as the Elizabeth Line has increased the number of step-free stations on the Transport for London (TfL) network to over 270, with all new Underground stations since 1999 opened as accessible stations.

Other modes of transport are significantly more accessible. The Docklands Light Railway and Tramlink have been accessible since opening in 1987 and 2000 respectively. In 2006, London became one of the first major cities in the world to have an accessible, low floor bus fleet – 10 years ahead of the national requirement. Taxis in London have been accessible since 2000.

Background[edit]

As of the 2021 census, 1.2 million Londoners have a disability[1] – a "physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term negative effect on their ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities".[2] The 2021 Census also indicated that there are 1 million people aged over 65 in London, and over 137,000 people aged over 85.[3] The number of older people in London is expected to rise over the next 30 years.[4] Older people are also much more likely to be disabled – with around a third of Londoners aged 65 and over.[5] In 2012, TfL stated that 4.9 million trips a day are taken by passengers carrying heavy luggage, 1.5 million by people with a small child (with buggy) and 0.7 million by those aged over 74. A total of 7.1 million trips a day are made by somebody with at least one of these barriers to mobility.[6]

Accessibility of the public transport network allows people to travel freely at a time of their choice. Examples of disabled people that benefit from improved accessibility include people that use a wheelchair, people with limited mobility, people who are blind or visually impaired, people with impaired hearing and people with learning disabilities.[7] Examples of other groups that benefit from improved accessibility include older people, people who have English as a second or foreign language, people with travelling with small children and people travelling with heavy luggage or shopping.[7]

Accessibility is more than lifts, ramps and dropped kerbs – it also includes the consideration of inclusive design, ensuring that communication is accessible to all, and that staff are well trained.[8][6] TfL also notes the desire to make journeys pleasant, and give people the confidence to travel.[6]

History[edit]

Large platform gap at Bank Underground station

In the first half of the 20th century, no special provisions for the disabled were provided by London transport authorities. Until 1959, London Transport required blind passengers or disabled people "wishing to travel independently" to sign an indemnity accepting financial liability from any accident.[9][10] In 1968, London Underground began using automated warnings for passengers to "Mind the gap", as many Underground stations have horizontal and/or vertical gaps between the train and the platform.[11]

The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 placed an legal obligation on local authorities to provide access to public buildings for the disabled. However, the Act did not include provision of access to public transport. The Victoria line, completed in 1971, made no provision for the disabled – with no lifts provided at stations.[12] For comparison, new rapid transit projects elsewhere were making provisions for the disabled, with the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), Washington Metro and Tyne and Wear Metro providing lifts from opening in 1972, 1976 and 1980 respectively.[13] In 1973, the Greater London Council began offering London wide concessionary bus fares for the elderly.[14]

1980s[edit]

During the International Year of Disabled Persons in 1981, London Transport worked with disability groups to publish an accessible guide to the public transport network for the first time.[15][10] Chairman of London Transport Peter Masefield expressed a willingness to improve facilities for the disabled, but noted the challenge and costs of doing so.[15] In 1982, Dial-a-Ride services were introduced to provide door-to-door transport for the disabled.[16][17][12] Following the London Regional Transport Act 1984, London Regional Transport (LRT) was obliged to provide public transport services for the disabled.[18] The London Transport Unit for Disabled Passengers was set up in 1984. This body worked throughout LRT to ensure that public transport became more accessible over time, as well as helping to train staff in offering assistance to the disabled and elderly.[19][20] New LRT buildings were built with the disabled in mind – with Harrow bus station including an disabled toilet and dropped kerbs in the design.[21][22]

In November 1984, LRT began trialling bus routes with buses specifically designed to cater for those with disabilities.[23] These routes would later become "Mobility Buses".[24] The design of regular buses used was also modified, with non-slip handrails, illuminated stopping signs and additional steps at bus doors to reduce the step height – making it easier to access the bus.[25] LRT promised that future station renovation and modernisation work would take into account the needs of the disabled and those with impaired sight or hearing.[25] By 1988, buses that operated the Airbus routes to Heathrow Airport had been modified so they could carry two passengers in wheelchairs.[10]

In 1987, the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) opened, serving 16 stations across Docklands and East London.[26] The DLR was the first major railway infrastructure project in Britain where access for the disabled was considered, with level access into the train from platforms and lifts at all stations.[27] Although wheelchairs were permitted on many parts of the Underground, and that some stations were already accessible due to their level access, the LRT Board decided that the ban on wheelchairs at deep-level sections of the Underground would continue for safety reasons.[25]

In 1987, the MCW Metrocab became the first accessible black cab model in London.[28][29] From February 1989, all newly licensed black cabs were required to be able to take a passenger in a wheelchair.[30][31]

1990s[edit]

First Low-floor bus route in London

In the early 1990s, Campaign for Accessible Transport – led by disability rights groups such as the Disabled People's Direct Action Network (DAN) – was set up to protest and lobby for increased access to public transport.[12][32] For many disabled people, the only public transport option available was Dial-a-Ride, as buses were not accessible.[33][34] DAN protesters blocked buses on Oxford Street, Trafalgar Square and other locations across London by handcuffing or chaining themselves to buses,[35] as well as placing themselves in the path of buses and refusing to move.[36][37][32] On several occasions in 1994 and 1995, during the consideration of the Disability Discrimination Act, protesters handcuffed themselves to a Routemaster bus by Palace of Westminster.[38][39][40]

From 1 October 1993, wheelchair access on the deep level Tube lines was permitted for the first time, following changes to London Underground's conditions of carriage.[10][41][42] It was estimated that around 40 stations were accessible, however obstacles such as gaps between trains and platforms remained.[42] Research by London Transport suggested that a step-free Underground would raise ridership by around 5%.[43]

In the early 1990s, low-floor single decker buses were trialled and tested on various bus routes across London.[44] In 1994, route 120 became the first bus route in the United Kingdom to solely use accessible, low-floor buses.[45][46] From 1996, significant numbers of low-floor single decker buses were ordered by bus operators, replacing older high-floor buses.[44] In 1998, route 242 became the first low-floor double decker route in London.[44][45] Low-floor buses were gradually rolled out on bus routes across London, with over 900 in service by 1998,[47] and the last high-floor bus entering service in 1999.[44][45]

In 1995, the Disability Discrimination Act was passed.[48] This required that London Transport make "reasonable adjustments" to anything that makes it unreasonably difficult for disabled people to use services like the Underground and buses.[43]

Canary Wharf station entrance, with glazed lift shaft on right

In 1999, the Jubilee Line Extension opened as the first major extension of the Underground in 30 years. During the design stage of the extension in the early 1990s, it was agreed that lifts would be provided at stations so that access for the disabled would be provided.[49] 34 lifts were provided across the 11 stations, providing step free access from street to train.[49]

2000s[edit]

In 2000, Ken Livingstone was elected the first Mayor of London,[50] and Transport for London (TfL) was founded as part of the formation of the Greater London Authority (GLA).[51] The Greater London Authority Act 1999 obliged the GLA to promote "equality of opportunity" for all.[52] The London Transport Unit for Disabled Passengers was subsumed into TfL.[10]

On 1 January 2000, non-accessible London Taxis were no longer permitted to be used, and the fleet became fully accessible.[31][53] In May 2000, Croydon Tramlink opened after several years of construction. Serving Croydon and surrounding areas of South London, it was the first modern tram project in London, with low-floor trams and low platforms allowing accessibility for all.[54]

Mayor Livingstone was initially supportive of retaining the iconic, yet high floor AEC Routemaster buses and their conductors,[55] reintroducing 49 refurbished buses into service.[56][57] However, Livingstone decided to replace them with low-floor buses, following a campaign by disabled rights groups, the large number of people injured by falling off the open rear platform and a realisation of the difficulty of trying to use high-floor buses with his children.[58][59] In March 2003, Peter Hendy, then managing director of Surface Transport for TfL noted that the implementation of a low floor, accessible bus fleet was a higher priority than keeping the historic Routemaster buses.[60] Despite criticism from the media and the public,[61][62] remaining Routemaster services were consequently replaced from August 2003 onwards by low-floor double decker or articulated buses.[63] The last Routemaster buses were replaced with low-floor buses in December 2005.[64] The last services were greeted by crowds of bus enthusiasts, as well as disability rights protesters welcoming the withdrawal.[64][65]

By early 2006, all London bus routes were fully accessible – 10 years ahead of the national requirement – thanks to the largest low-floor bus fleet in the world.[66][67] Despite this, disability campaigners noted that further improvements were required – as they experienced buses that didn't get close enough to the kerb, broken wheelchair ramps and inaccessible bus stops.[68]

[69]

In 2002, TfL published "Unlocking London for All", with plans to make the Underground more accessible, with a core network of accessible tube stations.[70] It proposed that with more than 100 stations would be made step-free by 2020 (around 35 per cent of the network).[70]

https://www.london.gov.uk/who-we-are/what-london-assembly-does/questions-mayor/find-an-answer/disabled-access-tube-0 https://www.london.gov.uk/who-we-are/what-london-assembly-does/questions-mayor/find-an-answer/disabled-access-tube-1

At the Mayor's Disability Capital Conference in December 2003, the Commissioner of Transport for London Bob Kiley stated that TfL wanted to "aggressively" improve access, including making half of the 280 Tube stations accessible by 2015.[71]

In May 2003, line diagrams on Jubilee line trains began using a wheelchair pictogram to denote stations with step free access.[72]

In 2005, "By 2010, we want to make 25 per cent of Tube stations step-free, and aim to increase that to 50 per cent by 2015" [73]

In 2006, Department for Transport launched the "Access for All" programme, which provides funding to make existing National Rail stations accessible.[74][75]

In 2005, TfL launched a "baby on board" badge for pregnant women travelling on the Underground – so that other passengers can offer them a seat.[76] By 2017, TfL noted that around 130,000 badges were being issued every year.[77]

"Accessibility is about more than simply step-free access, and features such as induction loops, tactile paving and additional and more visible Help and Information points will be added to stations as modernisations and refurbishments are completed.

In 2006, One third of Tube stations to be accessible by 2013 Where necessary, works will be prioritised to ensure that as many stations as possible serving Olympic venues have step-free access for the 2012 Games. [78]

Railway stations – Clapham Junction and Lewisham [79]

2010[80]

In 2007, dial-a-ride fares were abolished.[81]

By 2008, all London buses had been fitted with the iBus system, that gives audio-visual announcements of bus stops and other information to passengers.

2012 Paralympics[82]

scrapped[83]

The stations which have had step-free access scrapped are Amersham, Greenford, Ladbroke Grove, Newbury Park, Osterley and West Kensington. Greenford Station alone had £2.9m spent on cable and drainage work ahead of lift shaft installation before the project was cancelled.

https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmtran/116/116we20.htm

https://artsandculture.google.com/story/unlocking-london-39-s-underground-network-for-all-tfl-archives/7AVxvKg6TYBLTw?hl=en

https://www.london.gov.uk/who-we-are/what-london-assembly-does/questions-mayor/find-an-answer/accessibility-tfl-services

Between 2003 and the late 2000s, the infrastructure of London Underground was maintained by Tube Lines and Metronet as part of a public–private partnership (PPP). Outside of a few major projects (such as Wembley Park), station refurbishments delivered as part of the PPP included minor accessibility improvements including new signage, improvements to stairs, ensuring visual contrast and the installation of tactile paving.[84] London Underground began undertaking accessibility audits, to ensure that minor accessibility improvements were delivered alongside other works to stations.[84]

In 2007, Metronet collapsed following a spending overrun - with TfL subsequently cancelling accessibility improvements and station upgrades due to the high costs.[85]

2010s[edit]

station upgrades

In November 2014, HM Government announced that they would provide £14 million in funding for the last three Crossrail stations (Langley, Taplow, Iver) to be made accessible, following the campaign by Transport for All and other disability campaigners.[86][87]

The government’s investment package builds on Transport for London’s announcement last month that it would fund step-free access at Seven Kings, Maryland, Manor Park and Hanwell stations. Now each of the 40 Crossrail stations will be ‘step free’. The government’s investment at Langley, Taplow and Iver stations will make it easier for passengers to access Crossrail trains when they start running from these stations in 2019.

2012 Summer Paralympics[88][89]

https://library.olympics.com/Default/digitalCollection/DigitalCollectionAttachmentDownloadHandler.ashx?documentId=158977&skipWatermark=true

LONDON'S Tube and bus services are to be upgraded to make them more wheelchair friendly as a legacy of the Paralympics. Transport chiefs will spend £18 million to make all bus stops accessible to disabled and older passengers, and drivers will be trained to help disabled people board services. Step-free access will be introduced to 28 Tube and Overground stations over the nest decade. Manual boarding ramps to help wheelchair users onto trains, introduced at 16 Tube stations for the Games, will remain in place.TfL said the Paralympics had made it change its approach to disabled users, who make 1.3 million daily journeys in London. Transport for All director Faryal Velmi welcomed the plans but said: "There is a frustrating lack of ambition on stepfree access. Seven years after TfL pledged that a third of Tube stations would be stepfree by 2013, disabled people are being told to wait another decade."[90]

[91]


Deferrals[92] cancellations[93]
baker street cancelled

shepherd's bush cancelled – £100m cost[94]

scrapped[83][95]

In 2008, TfL noted that the cost of installing a lift at Shepherd's Bush Central line station had increased to around £100m. The increased cost to dig the lift shaft was due to the quantity of public utilities (water main, gas pipes, electricity cables and sewer) in the area. Leader of Hammersmith & Fulham Council Stephen Greenhalgh criticised TfL, stating that "it is inconceivable in the 21st century that you would revamp a station without putting in step-free access."[95]

During the 2012 London mayoral election campaign, Labour candidate for Mayor Ken Livingstone pledged to make one-third of the stations on the Tube accessible, by targeting stations in outer London. Mayor Boris Johnson criticised the proposal, calling it "unfunded".[96]

TRANSPORT for London has wasted more than £64 million on a collapsed scheme to make seven Tube stations more accessible to disabled passengers and parents pushing buggies. The full cost of abandoning the "stepfree" project — which involved providing lift access from ground level to platform — was revealed in response to an Evening Standard Freedom of Information request. It found that TfL spent more than £39million at Shepherd's Bush station alone, including £4.4 million on designs for new lifts and £22 million to contractor Morgan Est, which got as far as building two lift shafts and moving gas and water pipes. Only at that stage was it realised that the project was going to be more technically difficult than initially thought. TfL decided to pull the plug last October. TfL said in a statement:"Installing a lift at Shepherd's Bush station was always going to be costly and technically challenging because of the layout and condition of the below-ground station. "The platforms are offset from the ticket hall by some distance, so any lift project would involve extensive tunnelling to link the lift shafts with the platforms. Once enabling work started, it was found that ground conditions and the location of underground utilities were not as anticipated, adding significantly to the cost and difficulty of the work. This eventually led to the project being deferred indefinitely." Less-advanced work was halted at six other stations in September last year, because TfL realised it did not have the funds to complete it. They are: West Kensington, where £5.05million had been spent; Ladbroke Grove (£3.06million); Amersham (£4.6million); Greenford (£3.9 million); Newbury Park (£4.6million), and Osterley (just under £4million). Work was stopped at this point "to avoid further impacting the customer environment and to avoid incurring unnecessary construction or reinstatement costs", explained TfL. The scheme's collapse means that wheelchair users and parents with buggies will not have lift access to platforms for the foreseeable future. "These projects could be restarted in the future but at present they are not included in our business plan, which runs until 2017/2018," added TfL. Last year, Mayor Boris Johnson blamed the recession and the collapse of Tube maintenance firm Metronet for the decision to halt the project, saying TfL's budget needed to be targeted at major station redevelopment.[97]

2015[98]

https://www.itv.com/news/london/2014-10-03/paralympic-champion-challenges-boris-johnson-to-spend-a-day-in-a-wheelchair

2017 - Disability Equality training for all frontline and professional staff[99]

2017 - ramps[100]

In October 2015, the first inclined lift on the Underground was installed at Greenford, adding step-free access to the station.[101]

In April 2016, a report by Muscular Dystrophy UK showed that it takes disabled people four times longer to complete common journeys on the Underground, criticising the lack of accessible stations in central London.[102]

In 2017, TfL began offering a "Please offer me a seat" badge for people with hidden disabilities,[103] following the success of the "baby on board" badge introduced in 2005.[103] Following research that showed that people did not give up seats to those who needed it,[104][105] TfL began encouraging passengers to look for others who may need their seat.[105] On some Underground and Overground trains, priority seating was enhanced with moquette that indicated it was a priority seat.[105]

In January 2019, the High Court of Justice found that London Underground discriminated against a disability campaigner, by failing to provide enough information on which lifts were working.[106] The judge ruled that London Underground should make this information more widely available. London Underground apologised, acknowledged that "there’s more to do" and explained that staff were now able to report broken lifts to the control centre.[106]

In March 2019, disability rights activist Alan Benson criticised the pace of improvements to transport accessibility since the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and that disabled people must keep fighting for their right to travel on public transport.[107] Benson praised the positive outcomes of training TfL in inclusion and designing for accessibility.[107] TfL replied with their willingness to listen to criticism and suggestions, noting that the lack of government funding made widespread improvements difficult.[107]

2020s[edit]

In March 2020, following a collapse in income due to the COVID-19 pandemic, TfL paused design work on future step-free access schemes at Northolt, Burnt Oak and Hangar Lane.[108]

In 2021, the Northern line extension to Battersea was opened, adding two new accessible stations in Zone 1. The new stations were criticised by disability campaigners, with lifts criticised for being too small and like a "squeezed-in afterthought”.[109]

In November 2020, TfL launched a consultation regarding priorities for step-free access. It queried if limited funds should be spent on installing step-free access at one complex station in central London, or at several small or medium sized stations outside central London.[110] The results of the consultation was published in 2022, with respondents noting that more accessible stations would lead to more journeys, and that they wished large "gaps" in the network without any step-free station to be filled. Respondents also noted stations that should be made step-free, including interchanges and stations in town centres.[111]

In May 2022, the central section of the Elizabeth line was opened, with 10 new stations in central and east London.[112] All these stations included step-free access from street to train.[113] By May 2023, the Elizabeth line had been extended to the east and west – construction work included adding lifts and ramps to any non-accessible station on the route, however platform heights mean that level boarding is not possible at these outer station and manual boarding ramps are required to board trains. Campaigners praised the effort that had gone into the design of the line, noting the "copious number of lifts" – however the lack of level boarding at the outer stations was criticised.[114][115] Work to build a station at Old Oak Common in conjunction with the High Speed 2 project[116]

In February 2023, works to upgrade and expand Bank station was completed at a cost of £700 million. This included step-free access to the Northern line, and improved access to the DLR.[117] Owing to the severe curvature of the Central line platforms, there is a substantial gap between the train and the platform. Because of this, no step-free access works were proposed for the Central line, as the cost would be prohibitive and it would be difficult for passengers to use.[118]

In July 2023, TfL announced the next batch of stations that could become step-free, depending on available funding.[119] Work had also began to understand how best to make stations on the Northern line in south London accessible.[120] TfL also noted they were working with developers to fund step-free access schemes when development occurs adjacent to stations.[120]

In February 2024, TfL published a new plan to make the transport network more inclusive and accessible. Commitments in the plan included increasing the number of stations with step-free access, adding priority seating moquette to buses, consideration of making communications available in British Sign Language and feasibility work into increasing public toilet provision.[121][122] TfL announced that a pilot of "mini ramps" at stations had been successful, and that they would be rolled out to over 45 stations on the network.[122] These "mini ramps" bridge where a small step or gap remains between the train and the platform.[122]

London Underground[edit]

Stations[edit]

As of February 2024, 92 London Underground stations (33%) are accessible from street to platform level.[117] Boarding ramps and raised platform humps are available at stations to allow access to the train where level access is not provided. Step-free access is provided by using lifts, inclined lifts, level access and ramps as appropriate for each station. All stations on the network feature minor accessibility features such as tactile platform strips, audiovisual passenger information, wide ticket gates, clear signage and help points with audio induction loops. Stations with large gaps between the train and the platform warn passengers with the iconic "Mind the gap" announcement.

Because many older stations are deep below ground and were built before accessibility was a consideration, it is often difficult and expensive to install lifts into existing Underground stations.[123][124] Many older stations such as Covent Garden station do have lifts, albeit with intermediate staircases to access the ticket hall or platforms. Consequently, these stations are not accessible, despite the use of lifts. Some stations have not required work to make them step free – for example, the level access from street into Kew Gardens station, or the direct platform access from the lifts at the historic Caledonian Road station.

In recent decades, major efforts have taken place to improve accessibility across the Underground, with the Jubilee line extension having lifts from opening in 1999, and key interchange stations such as King's Cross St Pancras, Victoria and Green Park becoming step-free.

Year Station gained step-free access[a]
1992 Hillingdon[125]
1994 Hammersmith (District and Piccadilly lines)[125]
199x Tottenham Hale[126]
1999 Westminster, Waterloo (Jubilee line), Southwark, London Bridge, Bermondsey, Canada Water, Canary Wharf, North Greenwich, Canning Town, West Ham (Jubilee line), Stratford (Jubilee line)[127]
2003 Fulham Broadway,[128] Willesden Junction,[129] Harrow & Wealdstone[129]
2004 West Ham (District and Hammersmith and City lines),[130] Kilburn,[130] East Ham,[131] Hounslow East[131]
2005 Brixton,[132] Earl's Court[131]
2006 King's Cross St Pancras (Circle, Metropolitan and Hammersmith & City lines),[133] Wembley Park[134]
2008 Wood Lane,[135] Roding Valley, Pinner,[136] Oakwood,[136] Hendon Central,[136] Golders Green,[137] Finchley Central,[136] Acton Town,[136] Heathrow Terminal 5[138]
2009 High Barnet,[139] Edgware[140]
2010 Southfields,[141] Kingsbury, King's Cross St Pancras (Victoria, Northern and Piccadilly lines),[142] Hainault,[143] Stratford (Central line)[144]
2011 Green Park[145]
2012 Wembley Central,[146] Farringdon[147], Blackfriars[148]
2013 Paddington (Circle and Hammersmith & City lines)[149]
2015 Greenford[150]
2016 Tower Hill[151]
2017 Tottenham Court Road,[152] Bond Street[153]
2018 Victoria,[154] Bromley-by-Bow,[155] Newbury Park,[156] Buckhurst Hill,[157] Bank (Waterloo and City line)[158]
2019 Finsbury Park,[159] South Woodford[160]
2020 Cockfosters,[161] Mill Hill East[162]
2021 Whitechapel,[163] Ickenham,[164] Ealing Broadway,[165] Debden,[166] Amersham,[167] Moorgate (Circle, Metropolitan and Hammersmith & City lines),[168] Wimbledon Park[169], Battersea Power Station[170], Nine Elms,[170] Osterley[171], Sudbury Hill[172]
2022 Harrow-on-the-Hill[173]
2023 Bank (Northern line)[117]

Future accessible stations[edit]

  • Knightsbridge – under construction, planned opening 2024
  • Paddington (Bakerloo line) – additional lift provision under construction, planned opening 2024
  • Elephant & Castle (Northern line) – under construction, planned opening in the 2030s[174]
  • South Kensington (Circle and District lines) – pending property development[175][176]
  • Colindale – construction due to start in 2024
  • Leyton – construction due to start in 2024
  • Northolt – construction due to start work in 2025

As part of the High Speed 2 project, Euston and Euston Square stations are to be made accessible.[177][178] In 2023, TfL announced that 9 stations had been shortlisted as the next stations to be made step-free, depending on available funding. These stations are Alperton, Arnos Grove, Burnt Oak, Eastcote, Finchley Road, North Acton, Rayners Lane, West Hampstead and White City.[119][179]

Rolling stock[edit]

Moquette indicating a priority seat

Since 1999, all new Underground rolling stock has had to comply with accessibility regulations that require such things as access and room for wheelchairs, and the size and location of door controls. All Underground trains are required to comply with the Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010 (RVAR 2010) by 2020.[180] All rolling stock has automated audio-visual station announcements.

Newer rolling stock like the 2009 Stock and S Stock have a wide range of accessibility features including:[181][182]

  • Dedicated wheelchair spaces
  • Multi-purpose space with tip up seats
  • Priority seats for those that need them
  • Offset centre door poles
  • Wide train doorways
  • Audio visual announcements
  • Contrast between surfaces, walls, seating and grab poles

National Rail[edit]

London Overground[edit]

As of February 2022, 62 Overground stations are accessible[99]

Network Rail

Gradual work

ELL - Shoreditch High Street, Hoxton, Haggerston, Dalston Junction

TfL has sought funding to add step-free access to additional stations on London Overground.[183][184]

Recent improvements -

Imperial Wharf[185]

Crystal Palace[186]

Whitechapel[163]

west hampstead[187]

White Hart Lane[188]

Barking Riverside[189]

Barking Riverside - a new station with step-free access on the Barking Riverside extension - opened in July 2022.

Work is ongoing to deliver step-free access at these London Overground stations:

  • Brondesbury
  • Hackney Downs
  • Peckham Rye
  • Seven Sisters (London Overground only)
  • Surrey Quays

Elizabeth Line[edit]

All 41 Elizabeth line stations are accessible from street to platform level, with 13 stations (the central and Heathrow stations) having level access between trains and platforms.[113] Boarding ramps are available at stations to allow access to the train where level access is not provided.[190] Step-free access is provided by using lifts, inclined lifts, level access and ramps as appropriate for each station. All stations on the network feature minor accessibility features such as tactile platform strips, audiovisual passenger information, wide ticket gates, clear signage and help points with audio induction loops.

Year Step-free access delivered as part of the Crossrail project[b]
2017 Abbey Wood[191]
2019 Forest Gate,[192] Gidea Park,[191] Goodmayes,[191] Manor Park,[192] Taplow,[191] Seven Kings,[192] Maryland,[192] Burnham[193]
2020 Hanwell,[194] Harold Wood,[191] Iver,[191] Langley[191]
2021 Acton Main Line,[195] Ealing Broadway,[196] West Ealing,[197] Hayes & Harlington,[198] Southall,[199] West Drayton[200]
2022 Bond Street,[201] Canary Wharf,[112] Custom House,[112] Farringdon,[112] Ilford,[202] Liverpool Street,[112] Paddington,[112] Romford,[203] Tottenham Court Road,[112] Whitechapel,[112] Woolwich[112]

Rolling stock[edit]

  • Dedicated wheelchair spaces
  • Multi-purpose space with tip up seats.
  • Priority seats for those that need them.
  • Wide train doorways.
  • Audio visual announcements.
  • Contrast between surfaces, walls, seating and grab poles

National Rail[edit]

Lifts at Clapham Junction

The majority of railway stations in London are managed by train operating companies, with several major stations managed by Network Rail directly. Accessible National Rail stations are usually only accessible from street to platform, with wheelchair ramps used to access the train owing to a variety of platform heights in the UK.[75][204] In 2006, Department for Transport launched the "Access for All" programme, which provides funding to make existing stations accessible, as well as providing minor accessibility improvements.[74][75] TfL works with London boroughs to bid for "Access for All" funding for National Rail and Overground stations in London.[205]

New National Rail stations (such as Brent Cross West, which opened in 2023) use accessible ramps or lifts to provide step-free access to platforms. In May 2011, lift installation work was completed at Clapham Junction, bringing step-free access to the busiest UK station for interchanges between services.[206][207] In 2013, a new bridge at East Croydon was opened, bringing step-free access to all platforms at a cost of £22 million.[208] In 2020, works at Twickenham to rebuild the station entrance and provide step-free access was completed, after the initial deadline of the 2015 Rugby World Cup was missed.[209][210] In 2023, step-free access works to the National Rail platforms at Finsbury Park was completed, following completion of step-free access for the Underground station in 2019.[211][159]

Docklands Light Railway[edit]

Gallions Reach DLR station, with lift shafts clad in red

The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) is an automated light metro that serves the London Docklands and surrounding areas of East London.[26] From opening in 1987, the DLR has been fully accessible, with lifts and ramps providing step free access at all 45 stations.[27][26] The network has been extended multiple times, most recently in 2011.[212] Other accessibility features include level access from street to train, tactile platform strips, priority seats on board trains for those who need them, dedicated wheelchair spaces on board trains and audiovisual announcements of stations.[213] The system was praised during the 2012 Summer Paralympics for its high level of accessibility to venues in East London.[214][215]

Tramlink[edit]

Tramlink is a light rail system that serves Croydon and surrounding areas of South London, which opened as Croydon Tramlink in May 2000. The system has been accessible since opening, with low platforms, tactile paving and level access from platform to tram.[54] Accessibility features onboard the low-floor trams include wheelchair spaces, audiovisual announcements of stops and emergency intercom.[216][217]

Buses[edit]

London double decker bus with deployed wheelchair ramp

London Buses was one of the earliest major users of low-floor buses, with the first low-floor single decker vehicles entering service in 1993 and the first low-floor double decker vehicles entering service in 1998.[218] Following withdrawal of older, high-floor vehicles such as the AEC Routemaster, the bus fleet became fully accessible at the end of 2005, 10 years ahead of the national requirement.[218][219] London was one of the first major cities in the world to have a fully accessible bus fleet.[220]

As well as being low-floor, accessibility features of buses in London include:[221][181]

  • Electronic, retractable wheelchair ramp
  • The ability of the bus to "kneel", allowing the bus to lower itself towards the kerb for easier access
  • Dedicated wheelchair space on each bus
  • iBus, an automated system that provides audio visual announcements of bus stops
  • Priority seats for people that need them.

Mobility Buses[edit]

In the 1980s and 1990s, when many bus routes in London still used the high-floor Routemaster bus, London Transport ran several Mobility Bus routes for people who found the high floor buses difficult or impossible to use.[23][222] Running to key destinations like shops, hospitals or railway stations, Mobility Buses were fitted with a wheelchair lift for accessibility.[24] A circular 'Stationlink' route ran in Central London, connecting London mainline railway stations with each other.[223][224] Following the introduction of London-wide Dial-a-Ride services and replacement of high-floor buses with accessible low-floor buses in the early 2000s, Mobility Buses routes were progressively withdrawn,[225] despite criticism.[226][227] As of August 2021, there is only one Mobility Bus route in service.[228]

Accessible bus stops[edit]

Bus stops need to be accessible to allow passengers to access the bus safely. TfL defines an accessible bus stop as one with:[229][230]

  • 'No stopping' restrictions at Bus stops – commonly referred to as the "bus stop cage" – to ensure that buses can use the stop.
  • A kerb height more than 100mm to allow for safe deployment of the wheelchair ramp.
  • Area around the bus stop free of obstructions, allowing wheelchair users and people with prams to access the ramp.

In recent years, TfL has worked with local boroughs to increase the number of accessible bus stops from less than 30% in 2008, to 80% in 2015 and 95% in 2019.[231][221] Improvement work by London boroughs and London Streets also improves access to bus stops, by providing dropped kerbs and tactile paving at crossings.[229]

Taxis and private hire vehicles[edit]

London Taxi

The London Taxis fleet has been fully accessible since 1 January 2000.[31][53] Drivers are obliged to carry wheelchair passengers, passengers with guide dogs and other mobility impaired passengers at no extra cost. Drivers must also assist passengers where requested - to enter or leave the vehicle, or to load luggage.[232][233] From 2017, taxi or private hire vehicle drivers that refuse to pick up wheelchair passengers can be fined up to £1000, as well as losing their operating licence.[234]

The first accessible black cab available in London was the MCW Metrocab, introduced in 1987.[28][29] From February 1989, all newly licensed vehicles were required to be able to take a passenger in a wheelchair.[30][31] Modern taxis such as TX1 or the electric LEVC TX have a range of accessibility features including a boarding ramp, oversized entry doors, an audio induction loop and high contrast grab handles.[235][236]

There is no obligation for private hire vehicles (PHVs) in London to be accessible, with 0.7% of PHVs in London being wheelchair accessible.[237] However, many providers have wheelchair accessible vehicles that can be hired.[233]

River boats[edit]

All piers operated by London River Services have step-free access.[238][239] River boats operated by Thames Clippers have wheelchair spaces, audio-visual announcements and accessible toilets.[238][239]

Dial-a-Ride and Taxicard[edit]

London Dial-a-Ride minibus
Main article: London Dial-a-Ride

London Dial-a-Ride provides door to door, accessible community transport for people who are unable to use public transport services such as the bus, train or Tube. Membership is available to people with long term or permanent disabilities or health problems.[240][241] Originally run by London boroughs and funded by London Transport, the scheme had been run and funded by TfL since 2002.[242] In 2019, there were around 40,000 members of the scheme.[243]

The 'Taxicard' scheme provides subsidised taxi and private hire journeys for Londoners with serious mobility or visual issues, with around 60,000 members registered to the scheme.[232] The scheme is run by London Councils.[244]

Other assistance[edit]

Across the TfL network, station and train staff are specifically trained to offer assistance or guidance to passengers.[245] Guidance and maps is offered in a range of formats including high contrast, large print or audio description.[246] As well as the Baby on board badges, TfL also has "please offer me a seat" badges for passengers who may have hidden disabilities or impairments, as well as recognising the Hidden Disabilities Sunflower.[247] TfL also provides information about public toilets located at their stations,[248] with work underway to increase the number of toilets on the public transport network.[249]

For people unfamiliar or unsure about taking public transport, TfL offers a free travel mentoring service to help people get comfortable and gain confidence with taking public transport.[250][251]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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