Tontemboan language
| Tontemboan | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | northern Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (150,000 cited 1990)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tnt |
| Glottolog | tont1239 |
Tontemboan is an Austronesian language, of northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is a Minahasan language, a sub-group of the Philippine languages.[2]
Name and dialects
Other names and dialect names are: Makela'i-Maotow, Makelai, Matana'i-Maore', Matanai, Pakewa, Kumawangkoan, Tompakewa, Tumompaso, Sonder, Tountemboan.[3]
Usage
As of 2013, an estimated 100,000 people speak the language, but it is not being passed on to children. It is used in the areas of Sonder, Kawangkoan, Tompaso, Langowan, Tumpaan, Suluun, Amurang, Kumelembuai, Motoling, Tompaso Baru, and Modoinding.[4] Documentation of the language assembled by missionaries a century ago is relatively inaccessible to Tontemboan speakers, as it is written in the Dutch language. As of 2013, the Endangered Language Alliance is organizing a series of Tontemboan language events in New York City.[5]
In 1907, Firma P.W.M Trap, Leiden, Holland published a Bible in the Tontemboan language. It was edited by Maria Lamberta Adriani-Gunning and Johannis Regar.
Vocabulary
| English | Tontemboan[6] | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| one | esa | |
| two | rua | |
| three | tellu | |
| four | epat | |
| five | lima | |
| six | enem | |
| seven | pitu | |
| eight | wallu | |
| nine | siou | |
| ten | mapulu | |
| north | monge | |
| south | meko | |
| west | mako | |
| east | mico | |
| water | rano | |
| shower | lemele | |
| eat | kuman | |
| work | tamawoy | |
| fire | api | |
| ear | lunteng | |
| cold | utiŋ | |
| large | wangkər | |
| I | aku | |
| you | angko | |
| know | -taʔu | |
| say | nuwu |
References
- ^ Tontemboan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Liao (2008), p. 3
- ^ OLAC resources in and about the Tontemboan language
- ^ Sneddon (1970), p. 16
- ^ Bruce Wallace (Director) (2013-10-10). "When New Yorker Rose Monintja speaks her native tongue, the memories flood back". The World. Public Radio International. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
- ^ Sneddon (1970), pp. 20–26
Sources
- Schwarz, J. A. T. (1907a). Tontemboansche Teksten (in Dutch). Vol. 1. 's Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff.
- Schwarz, J. A. T. (1907b). Tontemboansche Teksten (in Dutch). Vol. 2. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
- Schwarz, J. A. T. (1907c). Tontemboansche Teksten (in Dutch). Vol. 3. 's Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff.
- Schwarz, J. A. T. (1908). Hoofdstukken uit de Spraakkunst van het Tontemboansch (in Dutch). Uitg. door Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië [bij] M. Nijhoff.
- Liao, Hsiu-chuan (2008). "A Typology of First Person Dual Pronouns and Their Reconstructibility in Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 47 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1353/ol.0.0002. JSTOR 20172338.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Sneddon, J. N. (1970). "The Languages of Minahasa, North Celebes". Oceanic Linguistics. 9 (1): 11–36. doi:10.2307/3622930. JSTOR 3622930.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
