Islam by country

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World Muslim population by percentage
A map of Muslim populations by numbers, (Pew Research Center, 2009).

Adherents of Islam constitute the world's second largest religious group. According to a study in 2015, Islam has 1.8 billion adherents, making up about 24% of the world population.[1] Most Muslims are either of two denominations: Sunni (80-90%, roughly 1.5 billion people)[2] or Shia (10–20%, roughly 170-340 million people).[3] Islam is the dominant religion in the Central Asia, Indonesia, Middle East, South Asia, North Africa, the Sahel[4][5][6][7] and some other parts of Asia.[8] The diverse Asia-Pacific region contains the highest number of Muslims in the world, easily surpassing the Middle East and North Africa.[9]

About 31% of all Muslims are of South Asian origin, therefore South Asia contains the largest population of Muslims in the world.[10][11][12] Within this region, however, Muslims are second in numbers to Hindus, as Muslims are a majority in Pakistan and Bangladesh, but not India.

The various Hamito-Semitic (including Arab, Berber), Turkic, and Iranic countries of the greater Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region,[13] where Islam is the dominant religion in all countries other than Israel,[5] hosts 23% of world Muslims.

The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims.[14] Together, the Muslims in the countries of Southeast Asia constitute the world's third largest population of Muslims. In the countries of the Malay Archipelago Muslims are majorities in each country other than Singapore, the Philippines, and East Timor.

About 15% of Muslims reside in Sub-Saharan Africa,[15][6][16] and sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, the Caucasus, China, Europe, the Philippines and Russia.[4]

Western Europe hosts large Muslim immigrant communities where Islam is the second largest religion after Christianity, where it represents 6% of the total population or 24 million people.[17] Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world.

Denominations

Main articles: Islamic denominations and History of Islam

Historically, Islam was divided into two major religious denominations: Sunni and Shi'a. Of the total Muslim population, 87-90% are Sunni and 10-13% are Shi'a. Most Shi'as (between 68% and 80%) live in mainly four countries: Iran, Azerbaijan, Bahrain and Iraq.[18] Today, many of the Shia sects are extinct. The major surviving Imamah-Muslim Sects are Usulism (with nearly more than 10%), Nizari Ismailism (with nearly more than 1%) and Alevism (with slightly more than 0.5%[19] but less than 1%[20]). The other existing groups include Zaydi Shi'a of Yemen whose population is nearly more than 0.5% of the world's Muslim population, Musta’li Ismaili (with nearly 0.1%[21] whose Taiyabi adherents reside in Sindh and Gujarat in South Asia. There are also significant diaspora populations in Europe, North America, the Far East and East Africa[22]), and Ibadis from the Kharijites whose population has diminished to a level below 0.15%. On the other hand, new Muslim sects like the Nation of Islam, Ahmadi Muslims[23] (with nearly around 1%[24]), non-denominational Muslims, Quranist Muslims and Wahhabis (with nearly around 1-2%[25] of the world's total Muslim population) were later independently developed.

According to the Pew Research Center in 2010, there were 50 Muslim-majority countries.[26][27] Around 62% of the world's Muslims live in the Asia-Pacific region (from Turkey to Indonesia), with over 1 billion adherents.[28] The largest Muslim population in a country is in Indonesia, a nation home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims, followed by Pakistan (11.0%), and India (10.9%).[4][29] About 20% of Muslims live in Arab countries.[30] In the Middle East, the non-Arab countries of Iran and Turkey are the largest Muslim-majority countries; in Africa, Egypt and Nigeria have the most populous Muslim communities.[4][29] The study found more Muslims in the United Kingdom than in Lebanon and more in China than in Syria.[4]

Countries

Most of the percentages of Muslim populations of each country, if not stated otherwise, were taken from the study by the Pew Research Center report of The Future of the Global Muslim Population, as of 27 January 2011.[4][31] Other studies show variance with Pew figures. The percentage of Muslims in Egypt is given as 93.7%. However, the figure for Christians in Egypt is usually estimated at 12-15%, but in truth nobody knows since there has been no religious census. Likewise the percentage of Christians in Jordan is usually estimated to be 6-7%.

Table

Country/Region Muslims Muslim percentage (%) of total population Percentage (%) of World Muslim population
Afghanistan Afghanistan 29,047,100 99.8 1.8
Albania Albania 1,646,128 58.79[32] 0.1
Algeria Algeria 40,400,000 98.2[4]–99[33] 2.7
American Samoa American Samoa < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Andorra Andorra < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Angola Angola 90,000 1.0 < 0.1
Anguilla Anguilla < 1,000 0.3 < 0.1
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda < 1,000 0.6 < 0.1
Argentina Argentina 784,000 2.5 < 0.1
Armenia Armenia < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Aruba Aruba < 1,000 0.4 < 0.1
Australia Australia 604,000[34] 2.6 < 0.1
Austria Austria 700,000[35] 8[35] < 0.1
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 9,872,765 96.9 0.5
The Bahamas Bahamas < 1,000 0.1 < 0.1
Bahrain Bahrain 866,888[36] 70.2[36] < 0.1
Bangladesh Bangladesh 148,607,000[37] 90.4 9.2
Barbados Barbados 2,000 0.9 < 0.1
Belarus Belarus 19,000 0.2 < 0.1
Belgium Belgium 658,463 5.9[38] < 0.1
Belize Belize < 1,000 0.1 < 0.1
Benin Benin 2,710,000 24.5 0.1
Bermuda Bermuda < 1,000 0.8 < 0.1
Bhutan Bhutan ≤ 2,000[39] 0.2[39] < 0.1
Bolivia Bolivia 2,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina 1,790,454 50.7[40] 0.1
Botswana Botswana 8,000 0.4 < 0.1
Brazil Brazil 204,000 0.1 < 0.1
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands < 1,000 1.2 < 0.1
Brunei Brunei 295,000 67[41] < 0.1
Bulgaria Bulgaria 577,000[42] 7.8 < 0.1
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 11,270,000 60.5[43] 0.6
Myanmar Burma (Myanmar) 2,237,495 2.3[44] 0.1
Burundi Burundi 277,480 2.5[45] < 0.1
Cambodia Cambodia 303,187[46] 1.9[46] < 0.1
Cameroon Cameroon 4,940,000 20.9[47] 0.2
Canada Canada 1,053,945[48] 3.2[48][49] 0.1
Cape Verde Cape Verde 10,000 2[33] < 0.1
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands < 1,000 0.2 < 0.1
Central African Republic Central African Republic 403,000 15[50][51] < 0.1
Chad Chad 7,827,653 58[33] 0.4
Chile Chile 2,894[52] 0.03 (over 15+ pop.)[52] < 0.1
China China 22,000,000[53]-50,000,000[54] 1.8 1.4
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands < 1,000[55] 80[55] < 0.1
Colombia Colombia 40,000 to 80,000[56] 0.2 < 0.1
Comoros The Comoros 785,000 98.3 < 0.1
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo 3,648,267 5[33] 0.1
Cook Islands Cook Islands < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Costa Rica Costa Rica < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Ivory Coast Côte d'Ivoire 7,960,000 40[57][58][59] 0.5
Croatia Croatia 60,000 1.4[38] < 0.1
Cuba Cuba 10,000 0.1 < 0.1
Cyprus Cyprus 273,000 22.7 < 0.1
Czech Republic Czech Republic 10,500 0.1 < 0.1
Denmark Denmark 230,000 4.1[38] < 0.1
Djibouti Djibouti 853,000 97.0 0.1
Dominica Dominica < 1,000 0.2 < 0.1
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 2,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Ecuador Ecuador 145 < 0.1 < 0.1
Egypt Egypt 73,800,000 90[60] 4.9
El Salvador El Salvador 2,000 <0.1 <0.1
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 28,000 4.1 < 0.1
Eritrea Eritrea 1,909,000 36.6[61]-48[62]/50 0.1
Estonia Estonia 1,508 <0.1 < 0.1
Ethiopia Ethiopia 25,037,646[63] 34 1.8
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Falkland Islands Falkland Islands < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Fiji Fiji 54,000 6.3 <0.1
Finland Finland 42,000[64] 0.8[64] <0.1
France France 5,020,000 7.5[38] 0.3
French Guiana French Guiana 2,000 0.9 <0.1
French Polynesia French Polynesia < 1,000 < 0.1 <0.1
Gabon Gabon 145,000 9.7 <0.1
The Gambia Gambia 1,669,000 95.3 0.1
Georgia (country) Georgia 442,000 10.5 <0.1
Germany Germany 3,551,802-4,700,000[65][64] 4.4-5.8 0.2
Ghana Ghana 4,914,000 18[33] 0.2
Gibraltar Gibraltar 1,000 4.0 <0.1
Greece Greece 610,000 5.3[38] <0.1
Greenland Greenland < 1,000 <0.1 <0.1
Grenada Grenada < 1,000 0.3 <0.1
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe 2,000 0.4 <0.1
Guam Guam < 1,000 <0.1 <0.1
Guatemala Guatemala 1,000 <0.1 <0.1
Guinea Guinea 8,693,000 84.2 0.5
Guinea-Bissau Guinea Bissau 705,000 45[66] <0.1
Guyana Guyana 55,000 7.2 <0.1
Haiti Haiti 2,000 <0.1 <0.1
Honduras Honduras 11,000 0.1 <0.1
Hong Kong Hong Kong 220,000[67] 3.1 <0.1
Hungary Hungary 5,579[68] 0.3 <0.1
Iceland Iceland 770[69] 0.2[69] <0.1
India India 189,000,000[70] 14.2[71] 10.9
Indonesia Indonesia 225,000,000[72] 87.2[73] 12.7
Iran Iran 80,750,000[74] 99.7 4.6
Iraq Iraq 31,108,000 99 1.9
Republic of Ireland Ireland 70,158 1.3[75] <0.1
Isle of Man Isle of Man < 1,000 0.2 <0.1
Israel Israel 1,287,000 17.7 0.1
Italy Italy 1,400,000 2.3[76] 0.1
Jamaica Jamaica 1,000 <0.1 <0.1
Japan Japan 185,000 0.1 <0.1
Jordan Jordan 6,397,000 93.8 0.4
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 11,200,000 70.2 (official census)[77] 0.5
Kenya Kenya 2,868,000 10[78] 0.2
Kiribati Kiribati < 1,000 <0.1 <0.1
Kosovo Kosovo 1,584,000[79] 95.6 0.1
Kuwait Kuwait 2,636,000 74.1[80] 0.2
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 4,927,000 88.8 0.3
Laos Laos 1,000 <0.1 <0.1
Latvia Latvia 2,000 0.1 <0.1
Lebanon Lebanon 2,542,000 59.7 0.2
Lesotho Lesotho 1,000 <0.1 <0.1
Liberia Liberia 523,000 12.8 <0.1
Libya Libya 6,325,000 96.6 0.4
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein 2,000 4.8 <0.1
Lithuania Lithuania 3,000 0.1 <0.1
Luxembourg Luxembourg 11,000 2.3 <0.1
Macau Macau < 1,000 <0.1 <0.1
North Macedonia Macedonia 500,000 33.3[81] <0.1
Madagascar Madagascar 220,000 7[82] <0.1
Malawi Malawi 2,011,000 12.8 0.1
Malaysia Malaysia 19,500,000 61.4 1.1
Maldives Maldives 309,000 100 <0.1
Mali Mali 15,667,704 95[33] 0.8
Malta Malta 1,000 0.2 <0.1
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Martinique Martinique < 1,000 0.2 < 0.1
Mauritania Mauritania 4,171,633 100[83] 0.2
Mauritius Mauritius 230,118 17.3[84] < 0.1
Mayotte Mayotte 197,000 98.8 < 0.1
Mexico Mexico 3,700[85] - 111,000[4] 0.1 < 0.1
Moldova Moldova 15,000 0.4 < 0.1
Monaco Monaco < 1,000 0.5 < 0.1
Mongolia Mongolia 200,000 6 < 0.1
Montenegro Montenegro 118,477[86] 19.11[86] < 0.1
Montserrat Montserrat < 1,000 0.1 < 0.1
Morocco Morocco 32,381,000 99[87] 2.0
Mozambique Mozambique 5,340,000 22.8 0.3
Namibia Namibia 9,000 0.4 < 0.1
Nauru Nauru < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Nepal Nepal 1,253,000 4.2 0.1
Netherlands Netherlands 825,000/1,000,000 5[88] - 6[38] 0.1
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles < 1,000 0.2 < 0.1
New Caledonia New Caledonia 7,000 2.8 < 0.1
New Zealand New Zealand 41,000 0.9 < 0.1
Nicaragua Nicaragua 1,000 <0.1 < 0.1
Niger Niger 19,502,214 98.3[89] 1.0
Nigeria Nigeria 93,839,000 41[89]-50[90] 4.7
Niue Niue < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
North Korea North Korea 3,000 0.1 < 0.1
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands < 1,000 0.7 < 0.1
Norway Norway 100,000-185,000[91] 2-4[91](2016 Dec.) < 0.1
Oman Oman 2,427,000 85.9[92] 0.2
Pakistan Pakistan 204,194,370[93] 96.4 11.0
Palau Palau < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
State of Palestine Palestinian Territories 4,298,000 97.5 0.3
Panama Panama 25,000 0.7 < 0.1
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 2,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Paraguay Paraguay 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Peru Peru < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Philippines Philippines 5,000,000-10,700,000[94] 5-11 0.3-0.6
Poland Poland 20,000 0.1 < 0.1
Portugal Portugal 65,000 0.6 < 0.1
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Qatar Qatar 1,168,000 77.5 0.1
Republic of the Congo Republic of Congo 77,736 1.6 < 0.1
Réunion Reunion 35,000 4.2 < 0.1
Romania Romania 73,000 0.3 < 0.1
Russia Russia 9,400,000[95] - 20,000,000[96] 11(6.5[95] - 15[96][97]) 1.0
Rwanda Rwanda 589,429 4.8[98] < 0.1
Saint Helena St. Helena < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Saint Kitts and Nevis St. Kitts and Nevis < 1,000 0.3 < 0.1
Saint Lucia St. Lucia < 1,000 0.1 < 0.1
Saint Pierre and Miquelon St. Pierre and Miquelon < 1,000 0.2 < 0.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2,000 1.7 < 0.1
Samoa Samoa < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
San Marino San Marino < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 31,878,000 97.1 1.6
Senegal Senegal 14,584,931 95.9 0.8
Serbia Serbia 221,460 3.1[99] < 0.1
Seychelles Seychelles < 1,000 1.1 < 0.1
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 4,171,000 71.5 0.3
Singapore Singapore 721,000 14.7[100] < 0.1
Slovakia Slovakia 10,866 0.2[38] < 0.1
Slovenia Slovenia 73,568 3.6[38] < 0.1
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Somalia Somalia 9,231,000 98.9[101][102][103][104] 0.6
South Africa South Africa 654,064[105] 1.5 < 0.1
South Korea South Korea 35,000 0.1 < 0.1
South Sudan South Sudan 610,000 6.2 <0.1
Spain Spain 1,887,906 4.1[106] 0.1
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 1,967,227[107] 9.71[107] 0.1
Sudan Sudan 39,027,950 97.0[108] 1.9
Suriname Suriname 84,000 19.6[109] < 0.1
Eswatini Swaziland 129,230 10[110] < 0.1
Sweden Sweden 450,000-500,000[111] 5[111] < 0.1
Switzerland Switzerland 400,000[112] 5[112] < 0.1
Syria Syria 17,376,000 82.9[113] 1.0
Taiwan Taiwan 60,000[114] 0.3[115] < 0.1
Tajikistan Tajikistan 6,506,000 96.7[116][117] 0.4
Tanzania Tanzania 19,426,814 35[118] 0.8
Thailand Thailand 3,952,000 5.8 0.2
East Timor Timor-Leste 1,000 0.1 < 0.1
Togo Togo 827,000 20[119] 0.1
Tokelau Tokelau < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Tonga Tonga < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago 78,000 5.8 < 0.1
Tunisia Tunisia 11,190,000 99.8 0.6
Turkey Turkey 74,660,000 98.6 4.6
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 4,830,000 93.3 0.3
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Tuvalu Tuvalu < 1,000 0.1 < 0.1
Uganda Uganda 5,030,000 12.0 0.3
Ukraine Ukraine 393,000[120] 0.9 < 0.1
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 3,262,000 67[121] 0.2
United Kingdom United Kingdom 3,106,368 4.8[38] 0.2
United States United States 2,595,000 0.8[122]-0.9[123] 0.2
United States Virgin Islands U.S. Virgin Islands < 1,000 0.1 < 0.1
Uruguay Uruguay < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 26,833,000 96.5 1.7
Vanuatu Vanuatu < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Vatican City Vatican City 0 0 0
Venezuela Venezuela 95,000 0.3 < 0.1
Vietnam Vietnam 71,200[124] 0.2 < 0.1
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna < 1,000 < 0.1 < 0.1
Western Sahara Western Sahara 528,000 99.6 < 0.1
Yemen Yemen 24,023,000 99.0 1.5
Zambia Zambia 140,000 1[33] < 0.1
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 488,656 3[33] < 0.1

By continent

Region Muslims Muslim percentage (%) of total population Percentage (%) of World Muslim population
Asia 1,200,000,000 24,3 65
Central Asia 54,000,000[125] 81[126] 3.0
South Asia 600,000,000[127][128] 31.4[129][130] 30.6[131][132]
Southeast-East Asia 257,000,000[133][125] 12.0 15.0
Middle East-North Africa 315,322,000[13] 91.2 22.9
Africa 550,000,000 47
Sub-Saharan Africa 242,544,000 29.6 15.0
North America 3,500,000 1.0[134]
South America 791,000 0.13
Europe 44,138,000 6.0 2.7
Oceania 650,000 1.5
World 1,800,000,000[1] 24.1 100.0

See also

Islam by country
World percentage of Muslims by country
Africa
Asia
Americas
Europe
Oceania
 Islam portal

Islam:

Other religions by country:

General

References

  1. ^ a b "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group". Pew Research Centre. April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  2. ^
  3. ^ See
    • "Shīʿite". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 25 August 2010. Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide.
    • "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 October 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2013. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 20% of the world's Muslim population.
    • "Shia". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Shi'a Islam is the second largest branch of the tradition, with up to 200 million followers who comprise around 15% of all Muslims worldwide...
    • "Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 25 August 2010. Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide...
    • Iran, Israel and the United States "The majority of the world's Islamic population, which is Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population; the other 10-20 percent is Shia." (reference: CIA)
    • Sue Hellett; U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran Archived 17 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine "Let me review, while Shia Islam makes up only 10-20 percent of the world's Muslim population, Iraq has a Shia majority (between 60-80 percent), but had a Sunni controlled government under Saddam Hussein and cronies from 1958-2003... (If you like government figures, see the CIA World Factbook.)"
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Muslim Population by Country". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b "Region: Middle East-North Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  6. ^ a b "Region: Sub-Saharan Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  7. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) ISBN 978-0-85229-956-2 p.306 According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. Ian S. Markham, (A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.) is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here, as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: The List: The World’s Fastest-Growing Religions, Foreign Policy, May 2007.
  8. ^ Britannica Archived 14 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Think Quest Archived 18 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Wadsworth.com
  9. ^ "Muslims". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  10. ^ Pechilis, Karen; Raj, Selva J. (1 January 2013). South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today. Routledge. ISBN 9780415448512.
  11. ^ "10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  12. ^ Diplomat, Akhilesh Pillalamarri, The. "How South Asia Will Save Global Islam". The Diplomat. Retrieved 7 February 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ a b "Middle East-North Africa Overview". 7 October 2009.
  14. ^ Miller (2009, pp. 8, 17)
  15. ^ Miller (2009)
  16. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) ISBN 978-0-85229-956-2 p.306 According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. Ian S. Markham, (A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.) is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here, as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions, Foreign Policy, May 2007.
  17. ^ See:
  18. ^ "Mapping the Global Muslim Population". Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  19. ^ According to David Shankland, 15% of Turkey's population. in Structure and Function in Turkish Society. Isis Press, 2006, p. 81.
  20. ^ According to Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East edited by her, B. Kellner-Heinkele, & A. Otter-Beaujean. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
  21. ^ "Tehelka - India's Independent Weekly News Magazine".
  22. ^ Paul, Eva (2006). Die Dawoodi Bohras – eine indische Gemeinschaft in Ostafrika (PDF). Beiträge zur 1. Kölner Afrikawissenschaftlichen Nachwuchstagung.
  23. ^ Simon Ross Valentine (6 October 2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice. Columbia University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
  24. ^ Larry DeVries; Don Baker; Dan Overmyer. Asian Religions in British Columbia. University of Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1662-5. Retrieved 29 March 2014. The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world
  25. ^ Destined Encounters - Page 203, Sury Pullat - 2014
  26. ^ "What is each country's second-largest religious group?".
  27. ^ "Muslim-Majority Countries". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  28. ^ "Region: Asia-Pacific". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  29. ^ a b "Number of Muslim by country". nationmaster.com. Retrieved 30 May 2007.
  30. ^ See:
    • Esposito (2002b), p.21
    • Esposito (2004), pp.2,43
  31. ^ "Preface", The Future of the Global Muslim Population, Pew Research Center
  32. ^ Albanian census 2011 Archived 14 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine
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Further reading

External links

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