Jump to content

Pakistan People's Party: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Their liberalism is already indicated through the other ideologies in the infobox. They are "socially liberal" and "social-democratic", which is not necessarily plain "liberalism" (as the link suggests),& "left-liberalism" is already indicated.
Ma1947 (talk | contribs)
20 edits
Line 142: Line 142:
====Ideology====
====Ideology====


Since its inception, the Peoples Party has been a leading proponent of [[democratic socialism]], favouring the semi-secular and semi-Islamic socialist principles. Historically, the Peoples Party favored the rich farmers, some unions, and mostly sindhi middle class elements.<ref name="Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal"/> The Peoples Party rejected [[far-left politics]] and [[ultra-leftism]], supporting unregulated business and finance (laissez-faire capitalism]] (which caused it to cease being a socialist or social-democratic or even anywhere near the left-of-centre as its economic policies swung dramatically to the right-wing, embracing economic neoliberalism and unfettered capitalism and privatization of publicly-owned institutions), and favored partial income taxes.<ref name="Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal"/> Despite its democratic socialist ideas, the Peoples Party never actually allied with the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|communism]], and the [[Communist Party of Pakistan|Communist Party]] remained one of its major rivals in [[Sindh Province]] and also mr Imran Khan's PTI become the largest and more popular social democratic party similar to in many respects to the Portugues Social Democratic Party. {{clarify|date=June 2012}} <ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 2012/01/17"/> Peoples Party has been criticized by various socialists like Fahad Rizwan who accused the Peoples Party of opportunism. In recent times, the Peoples Party had adopted privatization and small scale nationalization policies, with centrist economic and socially progressive agenda.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 2012/01/17"/>
Since its inception, the Peoples Party and now imran khna's pti have been a leading proponent of [[democratic socialism/social democarcry]], favouring the semi-secular and semi-Islamic socialist principles. Historically, the Peoples Party favored the rich farmers, some unions, and mostly sindhi middle class elements.<ref name="Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal"/> The Peoples Party rejected [[far-left politics]] and [[ultra-leftism]], supporting unregulated business and finance (laissez-faire capitalism]] (which caused it to cease being a socialist or social-democratic or even anywhere near the left-of-centre as its economic policies swung dramatically to the right-wing, embracing economic neoliberalism and unfettered capitalism and privatization of publicly-owned institutions), and favored partial income taxes.<ref name="Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal"/> Despite its democratic socialist ideas, the Peoples Party never actually allied with the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|communism]], and the [[Communist Party of Pakistan|Communist Party]] remained one of its major rivals in [[Sindh Province]] and also mr Imran Khan's PTI become the largest and more popular social democratic party similar to in many respects to the Portugues Social Democratic Party. {{clarify|date=June 2012}} <ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 2012/01/17"/> Peoples Party has been criticized by various socialists like Fahad Rizwan who accused the Peoples Party of opportunism. In recent times, the Peoples Party had adopted privatization and small scale nationalization policies, with centrist economic and socially progressive agenda.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 2012/01/17"/>


====Issues involving foreign policy====
====Issues involving foreign policy====

Revision as of 18:06, 2 September 2012

Pakistan People's Party
پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی
LeaderZulfikar Ali Bhutto (1967-79)
Nusrat Bhutto (1979-84)
Benazir Bhutto (1984-2007)
Bilawal Bhutto Zardari (2007-present)
PresidentAsif Ali Zardari
ChairmanBilawal Bhutto Zardari
Asif Ali Zardari (Co-Chairman and Chairman of the CEC)
Secretary-GeneralJahangir Badar
FoundedNovember 30, 1967; 56 years ago (1967-11-30)
HeadquartersPeople's Secretariat, Parliament Lodges at Islamabad, Pakistan
Student wingPeoples Students Federation (PSF)
IdeologySocial-democracy (Pakistani)
Progressivism
Social liberalism
Internationalism
Democratic-socialism (Pakistani)
Semi-secularism
Political positionEconomic: Centre-left
Internal factions:
Centrist to
Centre-right
Social: Centre-left
International affiliationPeoples International Secretariats
ColorsRed, black and green
   
Seats in National Assembly
121 / 339
Seats in senate
41 / 100
[1][2]
Election symbol
Arrow
Party flag
Website
Official website
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, founder chairman and executed prime minister.
Politics of Pakistan
Federalism

Azad Kashmir government

Government of Gilgit-Baltistan

Local government

Parliament legislature

Constitution of Pakistan

Executive
Judiciary
Elections

Territorial election commission

Elections

Provincial elections

Territorial elections

Political parties

Administrative units
Capital territory

Provinces

Autonomous region

Foreign relations
Diplomacy

Customs

Regional topics

flag Pakistan portal

The Pakistan People's Party (Template:Lang-ur; commonly referred to as PPP) is (by Pakistani standards based on the Pakistani political spectrum) a centre-left social liberal, democratic socialist/social-democratic, progressive political party in Pakistan. Affiliated with the Socialist International,[3] it is one of Pakistan's largest political parties.

Since its founding, all of its leaders have been members of the Bhutto-Zardari family.

Although its centre of gravity lies in the southern province of Sindh, the party also enjoys considerable support in the more densely populated provinces of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Since its formation in 1967, the PPP has been voted into power on four separate occasions.[4]

Foundation and history

Left-wing Beginnings

Main articles: Pakistan Socialist Party, Socialism in Pakistan, Communism in Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, and West Pakistan

The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) was founded by former members of the now-defunct Pakistan Socialist Party, banned by then-Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan.[5] In the 1960s, support for socialism as well as opposition to President Ayub Khan's pro-Western/pro-American policies mounted in West-Pakistan. Khan's unpopularity continued to grow following his decision to sign the Tashkent Agreement with rival India, in an effort to end the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965. The dismissal of charismatic democratic-socialist Zulfikar Ali Bhutto further angered and dismayed the public and the democratic-socialists, and made Bhutto determined to bring down the Khan government.[5][5][5] As a result, a convention was held on November 30, 1967 in Lahore, where democratic-socialists and left-wing intellectuals gathered to meet with Bhutto at the residence of Dr. Mubashir Hassan, and the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) was formed.[6][7] The newly-formed party's members elected Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as its first chairman,[6][7] and its manifesto, titled "Islam Is Our Religion; Democracy Is Our Politics; Socialism Is Our Economy; Power Lies With the People", was written[5] by Bengali[5] communist J. A. Rahim,[5] and first issued on 9 December 1967.[5][6]

The manifesto identified the party's ultimate goal, main objective and raison d'etre as being " the achievement of an egalitarian and 'classless society' ",[8] which was believed to be attainable only through "socialism". It called for "true equality of citizen's fraternity under the rule of democracy", within "an order of social and economic justice."[8] In 1968, a massive public-relations program was launched by the party, beginning in Punjab. Bhutto's program directly targeted the country's poverty-stricken masses.[8] The left-wing oriented slogan, "Land to the Landless",[8] proved irresistible to the peasants and labour-force, as the party promised not only to abolish the fundamental feudalism that had plagued the country, but also to redistribute lands amongst the landless and the peasants.[8] The working class and labour movement quickly flocked to the party, believing it to be a party dedicated to the destruction of capitalism in the country.[8]

The young university students and teachers who often bore the brunt of Ayub Khan's dictatorial regime during his decade-long rule were promised a better future with better educational and career opportunities.[8] Many other members of society who had felt stifled and repressed by the press-control and heavy censorship practiced by the authoritarian Khan regime also joined the new party.[8] The party's manifesto also attracted the country's numerous sectarian minorities, who quickly joined the party.[8] To this day, the party enjoys massive levels of support in the rural and poverty-stricken areas of Sindh, Punjab and the "Karachi-Lahore power of axis".

Eventually, the socialist-oriented rationale, "Roti Kapra Makan",[8] (lit. Bread, Cloth, Shelter), became a nation-wide rallying-call for the party,[8] and by the 1970s, the Pakistan Peoples Party had become the largest and most influential leading socialist and democratic entity in the country.[8] The party published its manifesto in its newspapers, such as "Nusrat", "Fatah", and "Mussawat".[8]

1970 election and 1971 war

Main articles: East Pakistan; Pakistani general election, 1970; Bangladesh Liberation War; Indo-Pakistani war of 1971; and Instrument of Surrender (1971)

After its foundation, the party gained prominence at an immediate, gravitating the poor mass, peasants and workers, and students throughout in West Pakistan.[5] The democratic socialists and Bhutto himself tapped a wave of anger and showed strong opposition against Ayub Khan, leading the civil disorder, disobedience, and lawlessness that forced Ayub Khan to held talks with Bhutto who would later opposed the Six point movement, presented by socialist Peoples League led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.[5] The continuous contentions, and pressure forced Ayub Khan to resign from the presidency in 1969, leading to imposition of martial law by Army Commander General Yahya Khan after promising to hold elections in two years. During this time, the Peoples Party intensified its support in West Pakistan, organizing itself and gaining support from poor masses in West Pakistan.[5] Its socialist rationale Roti Kapra Aur Makaan (English: Food, Cloth, and Shelter) and "all power to the people", further popularize the party and the prominence that arise Bhutto and the Peoples Party.[9]

During the 1970 parliamentary elections, the Peoples Party contested with full force, initially brutalizing the far-right wings, and defeating the centre-right forces in West-Pakistan,[10] although the Peoples Party faced a definite defeat in East-Pakistan where the tendency of communism was greater.[9] Tensions arisen with Peoples' League and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the ideological differences further create amid bricks of hatred towards each other. The situation reached to a climax in 1970 where Awami League secured 160 seats out of 300 where the Peoples Party winning the 81 of 138 seats allocated to West Pakistan in the National Assembly.[11] Bhutto refused to allow Rahman to become the prime minister of Pakistan, and famously calling "break the legs" if any democratic socialists of Peoples Party tried to attend the inaugural session.[11] Instead, he proposed the idea of having two prime ministers, one for each wing, this proposal met with heated criticism by East-Pakistan, leading Bhutto to sent his most trusted companion, dr. Mubashir Hassan, an amid fear of civil war.[11] A message was convened and Mujib decided to meet Bhutto.[11] Upon his arrival, Mujib met with Bhutto and both agreed to form a coalition government with Mujib as premier and Bhutto as president.[11] However, these developments were unaware to military, and Bhutto increased his pressure on Mujib to reached a decision.[11] Soon after the launch of military action (see Operaions Searchlight and Barisal), the situation in both wings created a divergence and distance between each other.

Bhutto and Peoples Party gave criticism to Yayha Khan's mishandling of the situation which led the arrests of Bhutto and members of Peoples Party who detained with Mujibur Rahman in infamous Adiala Jail.[5][10] This was followed by Indian intervention which led the bitter defeat of Pakistan Armed Forces and Pakistan itself, after East-Pakistan gained momentum and became Bangladesh in 1971.[12]

Post war politics

Main articles: Nationalization programme, Indian nuclear programme, Smiling Buddha, Operation Fair Play, Soviet war in Afghanistan, and Operation Cyclone

The Establishment forced Yahya Khan to step down and hastily made Bhutto as president of the dismembered country. For the first time in the history of the country, the democratic socialists under Bhutto came to power under a democratic system, Bhutto was made 4th president of Pakistan. Bhutto and his government worked tirelessly to make significant social and economic reforms that did much to improve the life of Pakistan's impoverished masses. Starting first with announcing a new labor policy, authorizing the atomic bomb project as part of the nuclear deterrence in January 1972, and finally in 1974, the promulgation of 1973 constitution to put the country to the road to parliamentary republic.[13] However, Bhutto and Peoples Party's adjustment with Pakistan National Alliance failed, sparking the civil disobedience against the Peoples Party, therefore the 1977 elections were held that resulted in first parliamentary victory of Peoples Party.[14] Opposition parties claimed that the election was heavily rigged by the PPP.[14] Tensions mounted and despite an agreement reached between the opposition and PPP, martial law was imposed in the country by Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977.[15] In April 1979, Bhutto was hanged in 1977 after a controversial trial, in which he was found guilty of murdering a political opponent.[10] In 1982, his daughter Benazir Bhutto was elected as Peoples Party's chairwomanship.[10] The Peoples Party struggled hard against the ruthless dictatorship of General Zia-ul-Haq, which was sponsored by the United States.

After twelve long years, the Peoples Party returned to power after wining the 1988 parliamentary elections with Benazir Bhutto becoming the first female prime minister of a Muslim country.[16] In 1990, the Peoples party's government was dismissed due to economic recession, issues regarding to national security and nationalization. Benazir and the Peoples Party boycott the 1990 elections, served as leading opposition party for the first since its inception in 1967.[16]

The Peoples Party later returned to power in 1993 elections by plurality.[17] But as the party governed, the party had the internal factions, Pakistan Peoples Party (Bhuttoist), Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians, Pakistan Peoples Party (Sherpaoism), with Bhuttoist becoming the most influential.[17] Internal opposition and disapproval of Benazir Bhutto's policy by her brother Murtaza Bhutto created a rift in their relations, and finally in 1996, Murtaza Bhutto was assassinated in 1996.[17] The death of Murtaza Bhutto left unsolved mystery that is yet to be answered, but it had disastrous effects on Pakistan Peoples Party whose government was dismissed by the party's own elected president Farooq Legahri in September 1996.[17] Since 1996 and Bhutto's assassination, the Peoples Party has suffered with major internal factions, opposing Pakistan Peoples Party and Benazir Bhutto's sudden shift to centre-right economics.[17] The Peoples Party, even as of today, currently facing rogue internal criticism of Peoples Party's direction and Zardari's political involvement in many of Peoples Party's ideology, many alienating and joining other parties.[17]

Recent history

Main articles: War in North-West Pakistan; Pakistani parliamentary election, 2008; and Pakistani presidential election, 2008
The PPP is an influential member of the global socialist entity, the Socialist International (SI).

After the assassination of Benazir Bhutto on 27 December 2007, the 2008 parliamentary elections which were scheduled to be held in January were postponed until 18 February. The PPP won the considerable victory on among all political parties, gaining a momentum of general seats 121 from all provinces in the Parliament, whilst the centre-right, Pakistan Muslim League came second in place, managing to secure 91 seats from all over the country. In 2008, the co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari announced to end the fourth dictatorship when he quoted: "Pakistan was on its way of ridding dictatorships forever", and appealed to the Pakistan Muslim League (N) leader, former Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, to form a coalition controlling over half the seats in Pakistan's 342 seat parliament.

On 9 March 2008 in a press conference held in Muree, Punjab, conservatives under Nawaz Sharif and socialists led by Asif Ali Zardari officially signed an agreement to form a coalition government. Titled the PPP-PML summit declaration, the joint declaration both parties agreed on the reinstatement of judges deposed during the emergency rule imposed on 3 November 2007 by General Pervez Musharraf within 30 days after the new federal government was formed. On March 28, the peoples party appointed Yousaf Raza Gillani for the office of prime minister and formed coalition government with centre-right conservatives in Punjab, left-wing socialists in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, right-wing socialists in Balochistan and liberal-seculars in Sindh. While on other hand, the Peoples Party claimed the exclusive mandate in Gilgit-Baltistan and Kashmir. However, this treaty was later on was violated by PPP government, after which PML(N) withdrew from coalition and federal government.

On September 5, 2008, the peoples party nominated its co-chairman and chairman of central executive committee, Asif Ali Zardari, for the upcoming presidential election. Zardari secured 481 votes out of 700 votes from the Electoral College of Pakistan, wining the Pakistan's presidential election on September 5, 2008. On April 2010, president Zardari voluntarily surrendered his political and presidential powers to prime minister Gillani and the parliament, and through 18th amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, Zardari transferred the authority of government and political appointments, and powers to exercise the authority of government to prime minister Gillani as part of country's road to parliamentary democracy.

Even though growing unpopularity, it has managed to maintain a large vote bank in deeper Sindh and South Punjab. On national front, it is currently competing against Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and Pakistan Muslim League (N). On 22 June 2012, the PPP nominated Raja Pervez Ashraf was elected as the new Pakistan PM.[18]

Notable leadership

The first socialist and democractic convention attended by the leading 67 left-wing intellectuals who appointed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as the first and founding chair of the Pakistan Peoples Party. After his execution, the senior party leadership handed over the chairmanship of the party to his wife, Nusrat Bhutto, and held the position[19] into the 1980s. In 1982, Nusrat Bhutto, ill with cancer, was given permission to leave Pakistan for medical treatment and remained abroad for several years. At that point her daughter, Benazir Bhutto, became acting head of the party while Nusrat technically remained its chairman[20] and was referred to as such as late as September 1983.[21] By January 1984, Benazir was being referred to as the party's chairman and subsequently secured the legal appointment by the senior leadership of Central Executive Committee at the convention held in 1984.[22] She had been elected c198hairperson for life,[23] and as such was chair until her assassination on 27 December 2007. Her nineteen-year old son, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari and his father Asif Ali Zardari were appointed party co-chairmen after assassination of Benazir Bhutto on 30 December 2007.[24]

Current structure and composition

Main article: Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party of Pakistan
File:Social Democracy.png
The PPP's manifesto cited the promotion of social democracy on democratic socialist norms in Pakistan.

The Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party of Pakistan served as party's top hierarchy and apex governing authority which is primary taking responsibility for promoting Peoples Party activities, promotion, media campaign, welfare distribution, public policy and works.[25] The CEC is the supreme parliamentary body setting out the strategies and ideologies during and after the elections.[25] The CEC is currently chaired by its Chairman Asif Ali Zardari[26] (current president of Pakistan and also the Co-Chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party), assisted by additional vice-chairmen, including all the major office bearers of the party. However, the CEC is focused on election campaign and organizational strategy during the national parliamentary elections, overseeing the media works, ideological promotion, and the foreign policy.[25] The public works, welfare distribution are partly managed at the municipal unit levels up to the federal level, which supervise and gave legal authority for such works. The Central Executive Committee of the Party is the supreme body that sets out the strategy for the party.[25]

The PPP-Young Organization is a youth-led party organization attempts to mobilize the youth for Peoples Party candidates for the Youth Parliament.[25] It also has the separate Trotskyist-Marxist wing, “The Struggle”, which is internationally affiliated with International Marxist Tendency (IMT); the student wing, the Peoples Students, a student-outreach organization with the goal of training and engaging a new generation of Pakistan Peoples Party. The Peoples Party also has an active military-street wing, the People's Committee, controversially affiliated with the Pakistan Peoples Party.[27]

Nationally, each provinces and territories has provisional committee, made up of elected committee members as well as ex-officio committee members which elects its presidents.[25] The local committees often coordinate campaign activities within their jurisdiction, oversee local conventions and in some cases primaries or caucuses, and may have a role in nominating candidates for elected office under state law.[25] All of the administration and party politics, campaign, required complete permission from the CEC's Co-chairman and the vice-chairmans.[25]

Ideology

Since its inception, the Peoples Party and now imran khna's pti have been a leading proponent of democratic socialism/social democarcry, favouring the semi-secular and semi-Islamic socialist principles. Historically, the Peoples Party favored the rich farmers, some unions, and mostly sindhi middle class elements.[5] The Peoples Party rejected far-left politics and ultra-leftism, supporting unregulated business and finance (laissez-faire capitalism]] (which caused it to cease being a socialist or social-democratic or even anywhere near the left-of-centre as its economic policies swung dramatically to the right-wing, embracing economic neoliberalism and unfettered capitalism and privatization of publicly-owned institutions), and favored partial income taxes.[5] Despite its democratic socialist ideas, the Peoples Party never actually allied with the communism, and the Communist Party remained one of its major rivals in Sindh Province and also mr Imran Khan's PTI become the largest and more popular social democratic party similar to in many respects to the Portugues Social Democratic Party. [clarification needed] [28] Peoples Party has been criticized by various socialists like Fahad Rizwan who accused the Peoples Party of opportunism. In recent times, the Peoples Party had adopted privatization and small scale nationalization policies, with centrist economic and socially progressive agenda.[28]

Issues involving foreign policy

The relations with People's Republic of China, Russia and Iran has been a central and most strong proponent of Peoples Party's foreign policy.[29] Under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan built closer ties with Russian, China, and Iran, but under Benazir Bhutto the foreign policy was revived after taking shifts to centre-right policies. Benazir Bhutto, on other hand, adopted Nawaz Sharif's conservative privatization policies in order to secure funding from the United States and the World Bank, but met with a harsh opposition inside of her party.[28] Currently under Yousaf Raza Gillani, the Peoples Party disbanded the Benazir Bhutto's policy, instead opting the Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's policy as of current. Pakistan Peoples Party's relations with the United States are reportedly complex and cold,[13] starting in 1970s when Peoples Party faced a cold war with the United States, further losing its charismatics leader Zulfikar Bhutto in 1979.[28] Throughout 1980s, its credibility was damaged by the United States who keenly sabotage its efforts[13] and organizational establishment in dense areas of country.[30] As of current, Peoples Party and current prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani's relations has been strained and hostile after the death of Osama Bin Laden in Abbotabad in 2011.

Science and politics

Main articles: Scientific socialism and Science and technology in Pakistan

The Pakistan Peoples Party through Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, proudly takes the whole credit for launching the atomic bomb project in 1972,[31][32] and held public ceremonies on Youm-e-Takbir (lit. Day of Greatness) day to commemorate the political services of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to established the programme.[32] Since its establishment, the Peoples Party has produced prolific scientists-turned technocrats, most notables including Farhatullah Babar and Mubashir Hassan, and has strong ties with the senior academic scientists who played role to build the atomic bomb project.[32] The Peoples Party's members notably provided their public support Abdul Qadeer Khan against his military debriefings by General Pervez Musharraf in 2004.[32]

In 1995-96, Benazir Bhutto and the Peoples Party launched the computer literacy and centers to have the public to access the use of computers and technology.[33] In 1990, it was the Peoples Party's government in which Pakistan launched its first satellite, Badr-I, making Pakistan first Muslim country to launched the satellite. Benazir Bhutto and furthermore, the Pakistan Peoples Party and Benazir Bhutt also takes credit for establishing, nurturing, and funding the missiles programs, such as Ghauri and Shaheen in 1990s.[34] As part of its science policy, the Peoples Party established the Pakistan Science Foundation in 1973, and helped established the Pakistan Academy of Letters in 1976.[35]

Challenges and controversies

Main articles: Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan Steel Mills, and Admiral Mansoor-ul-Haq

Since 1990s, the Peoples Party has been under intense criticism even inside the members and the leftists in the country, notable the charges of large scale corruptions. The leading lefitst, Nadeem Paracha, asserted that since 1977, the Peoples Party's manifesto has been transformed into centre-right platform, whereas in 1977 parliamentary elections, the Peoples Party's manifesto did not mentioned the "socialism".[36] During the 1973-75, the Peoples Party's radical ultra-left and communist wings led under Mirage Khalid and the Moist wings under Khalid Syed were purged by the Peoples Party to ensure the political support and presence between the powerful Sindh's feudal lords and Punjab's landed elite, Paracha claiming it the Peoples Party has "lost left".[36] While leading left-wing journalist, Mehdi Hasan remarked that Peoples Party is "not a secular party",[37] first declaring Ahmadiyya community as non-Muslims through the second parliamentary amendment, secondly banning the use of liquor;[37] thirdly, the Peoples Party declared Friday as holiday to win the support of religious elements, Mehdi Hasan quoted.[37]

Internal opposition to Asif Zardari

In December 2011, the major setback was suffered by Peoples Party when its leading democratic socialists and senior members, for instance, Shah Mahmood Kureshi and Malik Ali Khan left the Peoples Party, saying that "they did not agree with how President Zardari was leading the party particularly with regards to an alliance with centre-right PML (Q) and the foreign policy.[38] Another Sindhi socialist Zulfikar Mirza also resigned and left the Peoples Party on amid disagreement with Asif Zardari's leadership and policies in regard to dealings with liberal MQM in Sindh Province. Primary, the socialists felt that the party had now moved away from the original ideas it was founded on by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1967 [39]

See also

Template:Contains Urdu text

References

  1. ^ M. Ilyas Khan (2 March 2012, last updated at 16:55 ET). "Pakistan poll: President Zardari party 'makes gains'". BBC, South Asia (Pakistan). Retrieved 2 March 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ Islamabad, Desk (March 2, 2012). "Numerical polls showing Party's number of seats". Jang News Group, 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  3. ^ Asia-Pacific. "Pakistan Peoples' Party, leading the democratic agenda at home, hosts Socialist International meeting in Islamabad". 30 May 2008. The Socialist International. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  4. ^ "Pakistan Peoples Party". www.ppp.org.pk. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
  5. ^ a b c PPP USA. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  6. ^ a b People's Party of Pakistan. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mitra, Subrata Kumar (2004). "Pakistan Peoples Party: Socialism and Dynastic Rule". In Mike EnskatP (ed.). Political Parties in South Asia (google books). Washington DC, United States: Praeger Publishers. p. 400. ISBN 0-275-96832-4. Retrieved 10 August 2012. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  8. ^ a b Story of Pakistan. "General Elections 1970". Story of Pakistan. Story of Pakistan, 1970. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  9. ^ a b c d Story of Pakistan. "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto [1929-1979]". Story of Pakistan (ZAB). Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Hassan, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dr. Professor Mubashir (2000) [2000], "§Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: All Power to People! Democracy and Socialism to People!", The Mirage of Power (in English), Oxford University, United Kingdom: Dr. Professor Mubashir Hassan, professor of civil engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology and the Oxford University Press, p. 393, ISBN 0-19-579300-5 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ "Pakistan Peoples Party and Separation of East Pakistan". Story of Pakistan, 20th Century. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  12. ^ a b c Bhurgari, Abdul Ghafoor. "The Falcon of Pakistan". Abdul Ghafoor Bugari. Abdul Ghafoor Bugari and Sani Penhwar, Member of Parliament. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  13. ^ a b Story of Pakistan. "Parliamentary Elections of 1977". Story of Pakistan 1977. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  14. ^ Story of Pakistan. "Ouster of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto". Story of Pakistan, 1970s. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  15. ^ a b Story of Pakistan. "Democracy without democrats (Benazir Bhutto Becomes Prime Minister [1988] )". Story of Pakistan, 1980s. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  16. ^ a b c d e f "Benazir Bhutto becomes Prime Minister [1993]". Benazir Bhutto becomes Prime Minister [1993]. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  17. ^ "Raja Pervez Ashraf elected new PM of Pakistan". 22 June 2012.
  18. ^ Reuters, "Pakistan rally halted before march begins", The Globe and Mail, 29 August 1983
  19. ^ Hall, Carla, "The April of Her Freedom Five Years Later, Benazir Bhutto's Plea for Pakistan", The Washington Post, 4 April 1984
  20. ^ "Mrs. Bhutto Asks Army To Overthrow Zia", The New York Times, 27 September 1983
  21. ^ "Miss Benazir Bhutto, the daughter of the former Prime Minister, Zulfikar Bhutto, and chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party has been released from detention and has gone to Paris to be with her cancer-stricken mother", Financial Times, 11 January 1984
  22. ^ Rohde, David (2007-12-28). "Musharraf's Political Future Appears Troubled". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
  23. ^ "Bhutto's son, husband to be co-leaders of party". Reuters. 30 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h "Pakistan Peoples Party: Composition". The Directorate of Press of Pakistan Peoples Party. Retrieved Updated.. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  25. ^ Dawn News (2012-01-17). "The Pakistan Peoples Party". Dawn Newspapers (2012/01/17). Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  26. ^ News headlines (Sunday, March 6, 2011 10:37:22 PM). "People's Aman Committee is PPP's wing". Samaa Television. Retrieved 18 February 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ a b c d Editorial (2012-01-17). "Pakistan Peoples Party (Political direction on Foreign policy)". Dawn Newspapers, 2012/01/17. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  28. ^ "PPP's Manifesto" (PDF). Pakistan Peoples Party. Pakistan Peoples Party's Directorate-General for Media Press. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  29. ^ Hamid Hussain. "Tale of a love affair that never was: United States-Pakistan Defence Relations". Hamid Hussain , Defence Journal of Pakistan. Hamid Hussain, Defence Journal of Pakistan. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  30. ^ 'Pakistan Times' Political Correspondent (Thursday, February 23, 2012). "Govt following Bhutto's footprints on modern Islamic welfare state: Kaira". Pakistan Times. Retrieved 23 February 2012. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ a b c d Baber, Farhatulla. "Bhutto's Footprint on atomic Pakistan". Bhutto.org. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  32. ^ DAWN Wire Service — Science and technology (28 December 1995). "1996 will be year of information technology: Benazir". DAWN Wire Service, 28 December 1995. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  33. ^ Malick, Nasir. "Benazir vows to fight on people's side". Dawn Wire Service, 16 May 1998. Dawn Wire Service, 16 May 1998. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  34. ^ Staff reporting (December 17, 2011). "No funds: Call to attach Pakistan Academy of Letters with Cabinet Division". Pakistan Tribune Express. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  35. ^ a b Nadeem Farooq Paracha (30 October 2011). "The dubious left". Dawn Newspapers, 30th October, 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  36. ^ a b c Mazhar Khan Jadoon. "PPP is not a secular party: Mehdi Hasan". Viewpoint. Viewpoint, www.viewpointonline.net. Retrieved 23 February 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  37. ^ Staff Report (Saturday, December 10, 2011). "Saturday, December 10, 2011 E-Mail this article to a friend Printer Friendly Version Share |". Daily Times. Retrieved 23 February 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "PPP MPA joins PTI" ignored (help); horizontal tab character in |title= at position 29 (help)
  38. ^ "Leading News Resource of Pakistan". Daily Times. 2011-12-10. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pakistan Peoples Party.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&oldid=510461497"