Grandchildren of Victoria and Albert

"Her Majesty Queen Victoria and the members of the royal family", illustration from Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, v. 44, no. 1137 (14 July 1877).

This is a list of the 42 grandchildren of the British Queen Victoria (1819–1901, Queen from 1837, married 1840) and her husband Prince Albert (the Prince Consort, 1819–1861), each of whom was therefore either a brother, a sister, or a first cousin to each of the others. It also lists Victoria and Albert's 9 children and 85 great-grandchildren.

Overview

Victoria and Albert had 42 grandchildren altogether (20 male and 22 female), of whom two (the youngest sons of Prince Alfred and Princess Helena) were stillborn, and two more (Prince Alexander John of Wales and Prince Harald of Schleswig-Holstein) died shortly after birth. Their first grandchild was the future German Emperor William II, who was born to their first-born child, Victoria, the Princess Royal, on 27 January 1859; the youngest was Prince Maurice of Battenberg, born on 3 October 1891 to Princess Beatrice (1857–1944) who was herself the last child born to Victoria and Albert and the last child to die. The last of Victoria and Albert's grandchildren to die was Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, (born 25 February 1883 to the Duke and Duchess of Albany), who succumbed to old age on 3 January 1981, almost exactly eighty years after her grandmother's death.

Just as Victoria and Albert shared one grandfather (Duke Francis of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld) and one grandmother (Countess Augusta Reuss) in common, two pairs of their grandchildren married each other. In 1888, Princess Irene of Hesse, whose mother was Queen Victoria's daughter Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse, married Prince Heinrich of Prussia, a son of Victoria's first-born child, Victoria, the British Princess Royal and German Empress. Another of Princess Alice's children, Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse, married Princess Victoria Melita, a daughter of Alice's brother Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1894, but divorced in 1901.

Prince Albert, Queen Victoria and their nine children.
From left to right: Alice, Arthur (later Duke of Connaught), The Prince Consort (Albert), The Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), Leopold (later Duke of Albany, in front of the Prince of Wales), Louise, Queen Victoria with Beatrice, Alfred (later Duke of Edinburgh), The Princess Royal (Victoria) and Helena.

Prince Albert, the Prince Consort (26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861), lived long enough to see only one of his children (the Princess Royal) married and two of his grandchildren born (William, 1859–1941, and his sister Princess Charlotte of Prussia, 1860–1919), while Queen Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) lived long enough to see not only all her grandchildren, but many of her 85 great-grandchildren as well. (Three of Victoria's 56 great-grandsons were stillborn, and one of her 29 great-granddaughters was born out of wedlock.)

Victoria, the Princess Royal and first child of Victoria and Albert (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901), was not only mother to their first grandchild, Kaiser Wilhelm II, she was also grandmother both to the first of their great-grandchildren to be born, Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (19 May 1879 – 26 August 1945), daughter of Princess Charlotte (Queen Victoria's first granddaughter), and to the last of their great-granddaughters to die, Lady Katherine Brandram (4 May 1913 – 2 October 2007), daughter of Charlotte's sister Princess Sophie, Queen of Greece. After Lady Katherine's death in 2007, the last surviving great-grandchild of Queen Victoria was Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg (31 October 1916 – 5 May 2012), born to Princess Margaret of Connaught, whose father was Queen Victoria's son Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught. With the death of Count Carl Johan Bernadotte, a generation of royalty that began in 1879 with the birth of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen and included Kings Edward VIII and George VI of Great Britain, Olav V of Norway, George II, Alexander I, and Paul I of the Hellenes, Carol II of Romania, and the ill-fated children of Nicholas II and Alexandra of Russia is finally gone.

Queen Victoria's own death in January 1901 was preceded by the deaths of three of her own children (Princess Alice in December 1878, Prince Leopold in March 1884, and Prince Alfred in July 1900) and soon followed by the Princess Royal's death in August 1901. Aside from the four boys who died as infants, Queen Victoria had survived seven of her grandchildren:

• Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1864–1866) died of meningitis.
• Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine (1870–1873), a haemophiliac, fell from his mother's bedroom window and bled to death a few hours later.
• Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874–1878) died of diphtheria.
• Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1868–1879) also died of diphtheria.
• Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence (1864–1892) died of influenza.
• Prince Alfred of Edinburgh (1874–1899) shot himself with a revolver and died soon afterward.
• Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein (1867–1900) died of malaria while on active service in South Africa during the Boer War.

Victoria, Albert and their children

Ancestors of Victoria and Albert

Victoria and Albert had one pair of grandparents in common, Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf, who were parents both of Albert's father Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and of Victoria's mother (and Ernest I's sister), Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Duke Francis & Countess Augusta → Duke Ernest I → Prince Albert
Duke Francis & Countess Augusta → Princess Victoria → Queen Victoria

Another of Victoria's (but not Albert's) grandfathers was King George III, father of Victoria's father, the Duke of Kent, and his brothers King George IV and King William IV.

Marriage of Victoria and Albert

Queen Victoria (who had ascended to the throne on 20 June 1837 and been crowned on 28 June 1838) was married to Prince Albert on 10 February 1840 by William Howley, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace in Westminster (London). (Albert died fourteen-and-a-half years before Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India on 1 May 1876.)

The Marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	[Alexandrina] Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, later Empress of India	24 May 1819 Kensington Palace, London	22 January 1901 Osborne House, Isle of Wight	Married 10 February 1840 at St. James' Palace, Westminster (London) 4 sons, 5 daughters (including British King Edward VII and German Empress Victoria); 20 grandsons (of whom 2 were still-born), 22 granddaughters (including British King George V, German Emperor Wilhelm II, Russian Empress Alexandra, and the Queens of Norway, Greece, Romania and Spain.)
	Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (The Prince Consort)	26 August 1819 Rosenau Castle, Coburg (Germany)	14 December 1861 Windsor Castle, Berkshire

Children of Victoria and Albert

Portrait of Queen Victoria's family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
(from left to right:) Princes Alfred and Albert Edward; The Queen and the Prince Consort; Princesses Alice, Helena and Victoria

	Name	Birth	Death	Spouse (dates of birth & death) and children
	The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal	184021 November 1840	19015 August 1901	Married 1858 (25 January), Prussian Crown Prince Frederick (1831–1888), later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia 4 sons, 4 daughters (including German Emperor William II and Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes)
	The Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later Edward VII	18419 November 1841	19106 May 1910	Married 1863 (10 March), Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925); 3 sons, 3 daughters (including King George V and Maud, Queen of Norway)
	The Princess Alice	184325 April 1843	187814 December 1878	Married 1862 (1 July), Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1837–1892); 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, the last Empress of All the Russias)
	The Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh; Admiral of the Fleet	18446 August 1844	190031 July 1900	Married 1874 (23 January), Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920); 2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters (including Marie, Queen of Romania)
	The Princess Helena	184625 May 1846	19239 June 1923	Married 1866 (5 July), Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1831–1917); 4 sons (1 still-born), 2 daughters
	The Princess Louise	184818 March 1848	19393 December 1939	Married 1871 (21 March), John Douglas Sutherland Campbell (1845–1914), Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll and Governor-General of Canada (1878–1883); no issue
	The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn; Field Marshal, Governor General of Canada (1911–1916)	18501 May 1850	194216 January 1942	Married 1879 (13 March), Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917); 1 son, 2 daughters (including Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden)
	The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany	18537 April 1853	188428 March 1884	Married 1882 (27 April), Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861–1922); 1 son, 1 daughter
	The Princess Beatrice	185714 April 1857	1944 26 October 1944	Married 1885 (23 July), Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896); 3 sons, 1 daughter (Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)

Children and grandchildren of Victoria and Albert

Victoria, the Princess Royal

The eldest child of Victoria and Albert, Princess Victoria (the Princess Royal), called "Vicky" was born on 21 November 1840 and died on 5 August 1901, seven months after her mother's death in January. On 25 January 1858 she married Prince Frederick of Prussia (1831–1888; Crown Prince from 1861, German Emperor March–June 1888). They had eight children and twenty-three grandchildren.

Not only was the Princess Royal the first child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, she also gave them their first grandchild (the future Emperor Wilhelm II, 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) and was grandmother to both the first of their 85 great-grandchildren to be born, Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (19 May 1879 – 26 August 1945), daughter of Princess Charlotte, and to the last of their 29 great-granddaughters to die, Lady Katherine Brandram (4 May 1913 – 2 October 2007), daughter of Princess Sophie.

Both the German Emperor Wilhelm II and the British King-Emperor George V (son of the Princess Royal's younger brother Edward VII) were grandchildren of Queen Victoria, as was Alexandra, daughter of Princess Alice and wife of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II.

Queen Victoria → Princess Victoria → German Emperor William II
Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → King George V
Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Empress Alexandra

The Marriage of Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Princess Victoria, the Princess Royal	21 November 1840 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	5 August 1901 Friedrichshof, Potsdam, Prussia, (Germany)	Married 25 January 1858 in St James' Palace, Westminster (London). 4 sons, 4 daughters (including German Emperor William II and Sophia of Prussia, Queen of the Greeks); 18 grandsons, 5 granddaughters (including Kings George II, Alexander I and Paul I of Greece and Queen Helen of Romania) ¶ Crown Prince Frederick succeeded his father Emperor Wilhelm I on 9 March 1888, but died in June.
	Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia, later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia	18 October 1831 Potsdam, Prussia	15 June 1888 Potsdam, Prussia

Children of the Princess Royal and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia

The portrait below shows the Princess Royal with her husband Frederick and with Victoria and Albert's first two grandchildren, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II (1859–1941) and Princess Charlotte (1860–1919), who were the only grandchildren born during Albert's lifetime.

Portrait of Crown Princess Victoria's family in 1862 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia and their daughter and son.

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Crown Prince Wilhelm, later Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia	1859.0127 !27 January 1859 Berlin, Prussia	1941.0604 !3 June 1941 Doorn, Netherlands	Reigned from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918 (abdicated)
				Married (1) 1881, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1858–1921) with issue (6 sons, 1 daughter): Crown Prince William (1882–1951), Prince Eitel Friedrich (1883–1942), Prince Adalbert (1884–1948), Prince August Wilhelm (1887–1949), Prince Oskar (1888–1958), Prince Joachim (1890–1920) and Princess Victoria Louise (1892–1980)
				Married (2) 1922 Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz (1887–1947), no issue.
	Princess Charlotte of Prussia	1860.0724 !24 July 1860 Potsdam, Prussia	1919.1019 !19 October 1919 Baden-Baden, German Republic	Married 1878 Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen, (1851–1928), later Duke Bernhard III (1914–1918), with issue (1 daughter): Princess Feodora (19 May 1879 – 26 August 1945), — Queen Victoria's first great-grandchild. Modern medical tests revealed that both Charlotte and her daughter suffered from porphyria, which afflicted their ancestor George III.
	Prince Henry of Prussia	1862.0804 !14 August 1862 Potsdam, Prussia	1929.0420 !20 April 1929 Hemmelmark, German Republic	Married 1888 Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (1866–1953), daughter of his aunt Princess Alice (see below) and had issue (3 sons): Prince Waldemar (1889–1945), Prince Sigismund (1896–1978) and Prince Heinrich (1900–1904).
	Prince Sigismund of Prussia	1864.0915 !15 September 1864 Potsdam, Prussia	1866.0618 !18 June 1866 Potsdam, Prussia	Died young from meningitis.
	Princess Viktoria of Prussia	1866.0412 !12 April 1866 Potsdam, Prussia	1929.1113 !13 November 1929 Bonn, German Republic	Married (1) 1890 Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe (1859–1917), no issue
				Married (2) 1927 Alexander Zoubkoff, no issue.
	Prince Waldemar of Prussia	1868.0210 !10 February 1868 Berlin, Prussia	1879.0327 !27 March 1879 Potsdam, Prussia	Died young from diphtheria.
	Princess Sophie of Prussia, later Queen of the Hellenes [Greeks]	1870.0614 !14 June 1870 Berlin, Prussia	1932.0113 !13 January 1932 Frankfurt- am-Main, German Republic	Married 1889 King Constantine I of Greece (1868–1923) and had issue (3 sons, 3 daughters): Crown Prince George (1890–1947), later King George II, Prince Alexander (1893–1920), later King Alexander I and    father of Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark,    later Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia Princess Helen (1896–1982), later Queen of Romania and    mother of King Michael of Romania, Prince Paul (1901–1964), later King Paul I and father of    King Constantine II of Greece and Queen Sofía of Spain Princess Irene (1904–1974), and Princess Katherine (Lady Katherine Brandram) (1913–2007).
	Princess Margaret of Prussia	18720422 !22 April 1872 Potsdam, Prussia	1954.0122 !22 January 1954 Kronberg, West Germany	Married 1893 Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse (1868–1940), later elected King of Finland (October–December 1918), and had issue (6 sons): Prince Friedrich Wilhelm (1893–1916), Prince Maximilian (1894–1914), Prince Philipp (1896–1980) and Prince Wolfgang (1896–1989) (twins), Prince Christoph (1901–1943) and Prince Richard (1901–1969) (twins).

Edward VII

Prince Albert Edward (1841–1910), then the Prince of Wales, married Princess Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925), later Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, on 10 March 1863. They had 3 sons (one of whom died within a day), 3 daughters, 7 grandsons (one stillborn) and 3 granddaughters. The Prince of Wales became King Edward VII and Emperor of India at the death of his mother Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901.

Edward's and Alexandra's son King George V (reigned 1910–1936) was the father of Kings Edward VIII (reigned 1936) and George VI (1936–1952), and the grandfather of the present Queen Elizabeth II (acceded to the throne February 1952) and her sister Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (1930–2002). As the only children of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (the Queen Mother, 1900–2002), Elizabeth and Margaret were thus great-granddaughters of Edward VII, great-great-granddaughters of Queen Victoria, and great-great-great-great-granddaughters of Victoria's grandfather, King George III.

George III → Edward, Duke of Kent → Queen Victoria → Edward VII → George V → George VI → Elizabeth II

Edward's and Alexandra's daughter Princess Maud of Wales became Queen of Norway when her husband, Prince Carl of Denmark, became King Haakon VII (1905–1957) upon the dissolution of Norway's union with Sweden in 1905. Their son, and Edward's grandson, became King Olav V (1957–1991); and Olav's children, King Harald V (since 1991), Princess Ragnhild and Princess Astrid, are thus great-grandchildren of Edward VII and great-great-grandchildren of Victoria and Albert.

Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → Princess Maud of Wales → King Olav V → King Harald V

The Marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII and Emperor of India	9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	6 May 1910 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	Married 10 March 1863 in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. 3 sons, 3 daughters (including King George V and Maud of Wales, Queen of Norway); 7 grandsons, 3 granddaughters (including British Kings Edward VIII & George VI, and Norwegian King Olav V) ¶ Edward acceded to the throne when his mother Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901. He and Princess Alexandra were crowned King and Queen on 2 August 1902 in Westminster Abbey (London) by Frederick Temple, the Archbishop of Canterbury
	Princess Alexandra of Denmark later Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom and Empress of India	1 December 1844 Yellow Palace, near Amalienborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark	20 November 1925 Sandringham House, Norfolk, England

Children of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra

	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence	1864.0108 !8 January 1864 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	1892.0114 !14 January 1892 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Created Duke of Clarence and Avondale in 1890; died of influenza just after his 28th birthday
	Prince George, Prince of Wales, later King George V	1865.0603 !3 June 1865 Marlborough House, London	1936.0120 !20 January 1936 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Reigned from 6 May 1910 to 20 January 1936; married 1893 (6 July) Princess Mary of Teck,    (26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953), later Queen Mary, and had issue (5 sons, 1 daughter): Edward, Prince of Wales (23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) — later King Edward VIII (20 January – 11 December 1936), — later Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor (8 March 1937 – 28 May 1972), Prince Albert, Duke of York (14 December 1895 – 6 Feb. 1952) — later King George VI (11 Dec. 1936 – 6 February 1952) and     father of Elizabeth II (born 21 April 1926; acceded 1952), Mary, Princess Royal (25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965), — later Countess of Harewood Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974),    Field Marshal, Marshal of the RAF, Governor-General of Australia Prince George, Duke of Kent    (20 Dec. 1902 – 25 August 1942, killed on active duty) and Prince John (12 July 1905 – 19 January 1919).
	Princess Louise, The Princess Royal	1867.0220 !20 February 1867 Marlborough House, London	1931.0104 !4 January 1931 Portman Square, London	Married 1889 Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife (1849–1912) and had issue (1 son, 2 daughters): Alastair Duff, Earl of Macduff (stillborn, 1890), Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891–1959) and Princess Maud, Countess of Southesk (1893–1945).
	Princess Victoria	1868.0706 !6 July 1868 Marlborough House, London	1935.1203 !3 December 1935 Coppins, Buckinghamshire	Died unmarried.
	Princess Maud of Wales later Queen of Norway	1869.1126 !26 November 1869 Marlborough House, London	1938.1220 !20 November 1938 London	Married 1896 Prince Carl of Denmark (1872–1957), — later King Haakon VII of Norway (1905–1957) and had issue (1 son): Prince Alexander (1903–1991), — later Crown Prince and King Olav V of Norway (1957–1991).
	Prince Alexander John of Wales	1871.0406 !6 April 1871 Sandringham House, Norfolk	1871.0407 !7 April 1871 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Born prematurely at 2:45 p.m., and died twenty-four hours later. He was christened privately in the evening after his birth by Reverend W. Lake Onslow; the Prince and Princess of Wales, a lady-in-waiting and a doctor who had been at the birth attended.

Princess Alice

Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (1843–1878) married Prince Ludwig of Hesse (1837–1892), later Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, on 1 July 1862. They had 2 sons (one of which, "Frittie", Prince Friedrich of Hesse, was a haemophiliac and died from bleeding out after a fall out of his mother's bedroom window), 5 daughters (one of whom died of diphtheria) and 15 grandchildren (two of whom died at a young age). Prince Ludwig succeeded to the Grand Duchy of Hesse as Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, and Princess Alice as the Grand Duchess of Hesse, on 13 July 1877.

Alice and Louis's daughter, Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, married Prince Louis of Battenberg, and was the mother of Princess Alice of Battenberg (1885–1969), who became Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark when she married Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark on 6 October 1903. Princess Alice was the mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh the current prince consort of the United Kingdom as the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. Princess Victoria was also the mother of Queen Louise of Sweden.

Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Victoria of Hesse → Princess Alice of Greece and Denmark → Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Alice and Louis's second daughter, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia in 1981 and in 1992 by the Moscow Patriarchate.

Prince Ernest Louis became Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse upon his father's death in 1892. He married his first cousin, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and had one daughter, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse who died of typhoid fever, aged eight. The couple were divorced 21 December 1901. The Grand Duke married for a second time to Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1871–1947), and had two sons: Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse who married Princess Cecilie of Greece, a sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and had issue, and Prince Louis of Hesse and by Rhine.

Princess Alix of Hesse, the last surviving child of the Grand Ducal pair became the Last Empress of All the Russias through her marriage to Nicholas II of Russia. They had 5 children, 4 girls and one boy, Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia, who was a haemophiliac. The Russian Imperial Family was executed on 17 July 1918 by a detachment of Bolsheviks in the basement of Ipatiev House. The entire family was canonized by the Russian Orthodox church in 2000.

Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Alix, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia

See also: Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse#Issue by Princess Alice

The Marriage of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Princess Alice of the United Kingdom	25 April 1843 Buckingham Palace, London, England	14 December 1878 New Palace, Darmstadt, Hesse (Germany)	Married privately on 1 July 1862 (six months after the death of Alice's father Prince Albert), in the dining room of Osborne House, East Cowes (Isle of Wight), England 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, the last Empress of Russia); 9 grandsons (1 stillborn), 7 granddaughters (including Queen Louise of Sweden and Earl Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India) ¶ Prince Louis became Grand Duke of Hesse on 13 June 1877, less than two years before Princess Alice's death.
	Prince Louis of Hesse, later Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine	12 September 1837 Darmstadt, Hesse	13 March 1892

Children of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse

Photograph of Princess Alice's family in 1876.
The Grand Ducal Family of Hesse and by Rhine in 1876

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine	1863.0405 !5 April 1863 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	1950.0924 !24 September 1950 Kensington Palace, London, England	Married 1884 Prince Louis of Battenberg (1854–1921),    Admiral of the Fleet, First Sea Lord    [later Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven,    after renouncing German style and titles in July 1917], and had issue (2 sons, 2 daughters): Princess Alice (1885–1969),    later Princess Andrew of Greece & Denmark, and    mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Princess Louise (1889–1965),    later Louise Mountbatten, Queen of Sweden and    stepmother of Queen Ingrid of Denmark Prince George (1892–1938), later George Mountbatten,    2nd Marquess of Milford Haven and Prince Louis (1900–1979), later Earl Mountbatten of Burma,    Admiral of the Fleet, last Viceroy of India & First Sea Lord
	Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine	1864.1101 !1 November 1864 Bessungen, Hesse, Germany	1918.0718 !18 July 1918 Alapaevsk, Russia	Married 1885 Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (1857–1905), no issue.
	Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine	1866.0711 !11 July 1866 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	1953.1111 !11 November 1953 Hemmelmark, Germany	Married 1888 Prince Henry (1862–1929), son of her aunt Victoria, the British Princess Royal & German Empress (see above), and had issue (3 sons): Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1889–1945), Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1896–1978) and Prince Heinrich of Prussia.
	Ernst Ludwig, later Grand Duke of Hesse	1868.1125 !25 November 1868 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	1937.1009 !9 October 1937 Langen, Germany	Succeeded as head of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1892.
				Married (1) 1894 Princess Victoria Melita (1876–1936), daughter of his uncle Prince Alfred of Edinburgh (see below), and had issue (1 son, 1 daughter): Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903) and an unnamed stillborn son (1901); ¶ the marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
				Married (2) 1905 Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1871–1937) and had issue (2 sons): Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus (1906–1937) and Prince Ludwig (1908–1968).
	Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine	1870.1007 !7 October 1870 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	1873.0529 !29 May 1873 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	Suffered from haemophilia and died from a brain haemorrhage after falling from a window.
	Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, later Empress Alexandra of All the Russias	1872.0606 !6 June 1872 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	1918.0717 !17 July 1918 Ekaterinburg, Russia	Married 1894 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1868–1918), taking the name Alexandra Feodorovna, and had issue (1 son, 4 daughters): Grand Duchess Olga (1895–1918), Grand Duchess Tatiana (1897–1918), Grand Duchess Maria (1899–1918), Grand Duchess Anastasia (1901–1918), Tsarevich Alexei (1904–1918). ¶ The entire family was killed in July 1918 in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution, as was Alexandra's sister, the Grand Duchess Elisabeth (Princess Elisabeth of Hesse, see above).
	Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine	1874.0524 !24 May 1874 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	1878.1116 !16 November 1878 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	Died young from diphtheria.

Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh

Prince Alfred (1844–1900) married the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920), daughter of Tsar Alexander II, on 23 January 1874 at the Winter Palace in St Petersburg, Russia. They had 2 sons (one stillborn), 4 daughters, 10 grandsons (8 of whom survived their first week of life) and 8 granddaughters. In June 1893, Prince Alfred achieved the Royal Navy rank of Admiral of the Fleet, shortly before becoming Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in August 1893.

Prince Alfred's daughter (and Queen Victoria's granddaughter) Princess Marie of Edinburgh became Queen of Romania in 1914 after marrying the future King Ferdinand in 1893.

• King Ferdinand's and Queen Marie's son King Carol II of Romania (Victoria's great-grandson) was father to King Michael of Romania (a great-great-grandson of Victoria);
• their daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Elisabeth was married from 1922 to 1935 to King George II of Greece (reigned 1923–1924 & 1935–1947); and
• their daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Marie was married to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (reigned 1921–1934) and the mother of King Peter II (reigned 1934–1945, another great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria)

Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Queen Marie of Romania → King Carol II → King Michael
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Queen Marie of Romania → Queen Elisabeth of the Hellenes
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Queen Marie of Romania → Queen Marie of Yugoslavia → King Peter II

The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Prince Alfred, later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh; Admiral of the Fleet	6 August 1844 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	31 July 1900 Rosenau Castle, Coburg, Germany	Married 23 January 1874 at the Winter Palace, St Petersburg, Russia; 2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters (including Marie of Edinburgh, Queen of Romania) 10 grandsons (of whom 1 stillborn), 8 granddaughters (including King Carol II of Romania, Queen Elisabeth of Greece and Queen Marie of Yugoslavia) ¶ Prince Alfred was made Duke of Edinburgh on 24 May 1866, and succeeded as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on 22 August 1893, living there until his death in 1900.
	Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, daughter of Tsar Alexander II	17 October 1853 Tsarskoye Selo, Russia	24 October 1920 Zürich, Switzerland

Children of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Marie

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Alfred, later Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	1874.1015 !15 October 1874 Buckingham Palace, London	1899.0206 !6 February 1899 Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium, Gratsch, Meran (Merano), Austria	Rumoured, but never proven to have married in 1898 Mabel Fitzgerald (with no issue). ¶ Alfred suffered from nervous depression and possibly syphilis. He attempted suicide by shooting himself with a revolver, and was sent to recover at Schloss (Castle) Friedenstein in Gotha, Germany, before being moved, while still badly wounded, to the Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium in Gratsch near Meran (Merano) in the South Tyrol (Austria, now Italy), where he died.
	Princess Marie of Edinburgh, later Queen of Romania	1875.1029 !29 October 1875 Eastwell Park, Kent	1938.0718 !18 July 1938 Sinaia, Romania	Married 1893 Ferdinand of Romania (1865–1927), — later King Ferdinand (1914–1927), and had issue (3 sons, 2 daughters): Crown Prince Carol (1893–1953), later King Carol II (1930–40),    father of King Michael, Princess Elisabeta (1894–1956), later Queen of Greece, Princess Marie (1900–1961), later Queen of Yugoslavia and    mother of King Peter II of Yugoslavia, Prince Nicholas (1903–1978), Princess Ileana (1909–1991), and Prince Mircea (1913–1916).
	Princess Victoria Melita later Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia	1876.1125 !25 November 1876 San Antonio Palace, Malta	1936.0302 !2 March 1936 Amorbach, Bavaria, Germany	Married 1894 (1) her paternal first cousin, Ernest Louis (1862–1937), Grand Duke of Hesse (1892–1918), the son of her aunt Princess Alice (see above), and had issue (1 stillborn son, 1 daughter): Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903) and an unnamed stillborn son (1901). ¶ The marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
				Married (2) 1905, her maternal first cousin, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia (1876–1938) and had issue (1 son, 2 daughters): Princess Maria Kirillovna (1907–1951), Princess Kira Kirillovna (1909–1967) and Prince Vladimir Kirillovich (1917–1992).
	Princess Alexandra	1878.0901 !1 September 1878 Rosenau Castle, Coburg, Germany	1942.0416 !16 April 1942 Schwäbisch Hall, Germany	Married 1896 Prince Ernest II of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1863–1950) and had issue (2 sons, 3 daughters): Hereditary Prince Gottfried (1897–1960), Princess Marie-Melita (1899–1967), Princess Alexandra Beatrice (1901–1963), Princess Irma (1902–1986), and Prince Alfred (16–18 April 1911) ¶ The senior Princess Alexandra joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) in 1937.
	Stillborn son	1879.1013 !13 October 1879 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	1879.1013 !13 October 1879 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	Died at birth.
	Princess Beatrice	1884.0420 !20 April 1884 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	1966.0713 !13 July 1966 Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain	Married 1909 Prince Alfonso de Orléans y Borbón, Duke of Galliera (1886–1975), Spanish Air Force chief of staff, and had issue (3 sons): Prince Álvaro de Orléans (1910–1997), later Duke of Galliera, Prince Alonso de Orléans (1912–1936) and Prince Araulfo de Orléans (1913–1974).

Princess Helena

Princess Helena (1846–1923) married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831–1917) in Windsor Castle's private chapel on 5 July 1866. Two sons and two daughters survived childhood; two other sons died within ten days of their birth. Princess Helena and Prince Christian had no legitimate grandchildren and one natural granddaughter who died without having issue of her own. Like other British royal holders of German titles (such as Admiral Louis Battenberg), Princess Helena, Prince Christian, and their two daughters gave up their titles to Schleswig-Holstein in 1917 when the British and German Empires were at war.

The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Princess Helena	25 May 1846 Buckingham Palace, London, England	9 June 1923 Schomberg House, London, England	Married 5 July 1866 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire. 4 sons (of whom 2 survived their first month), 2 daughters (including Duke Albert, Princess Helena Victoria, and Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein); 1 natural granddaughter (Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, Duchess of Arenberg) ¶ Princess Helena and Prince Christian have no surviving descendants today; Valerie Marie died childless.
	Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein	22 January 1831 Augustenborg, Denmark	28 October 1917 Schomberg House, London, England

Children of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein	1867.0814 !14 August 1867 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	1900.1029 !29 October 1900 Pretoria, South Africa	Christian Victor died of malaria while serving as a British officer on active duty in the Boer War.
	Prince Albert, later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein	1869.0228 !28 February 1869 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	1931.0313 !13 March 1931 Berlin, Germany	Succeeded as head of the House of Oldenburg in 1921. Never married, but had a twice-married and childless natural daughter, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein    (née Schwalb) (1900–1953), by Baroness Bertha Marie Madeleine of Wernitz (1868–1900).
	Princess Helena Victoria, until 1917: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein	1870.0503 !3 May 1870 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	1948.0313 !13 March 1948 Berkeley Square, London, England	Died unmarried.
	Princess Marie Louise, until 1917: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein	1872.0812 !12 August 1872 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	1956.1208 !8 December 1956 Berkeley Square, London, England	Married 1891 to Prince Aribert of Anhalt (1866–1933); no issue; marriage was dissolved in 1900.
	Prince Harald of Schleswig-Holstein	1876.0512 !12 May 1876 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	1876.0520 !20 May 1876 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	Died in infancy.
	Stillborn son	1877.0507 !7 May 1877	1877.0507 !7 May 1877	Died at birth.

Princess Louise

Princess Louise (1848–1939), who married John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (1845–1914) in 1871, was the only one of Victoria's nine children who was childless. She was the first British monarch's child since 1515 to marry a subject rather than someone of royal blood.

The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	The Princess Louise	18 March 1848 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	3 December 1939 Kensington Palace, London	Married 21 March 1871, in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle (Berkshire) no issue ¶ The Marquess of Lorne was a member of the British House of Commons from 1868 to 1878 and from 1895 to 1900. From 1878 to 1883 he served as Governor General of Canada, representing his mother-in-law, Queen Victoria. In 1900, he succeeded as 9th Duke of Argyll (and thus joined the House of Lords).
	John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, M.P., Marquess of Lorne, later Governor General of Canada, later 9th Duke of Argyll	6 August 1845 London	2 May 1914 Cowes, Isle of Wight

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught

Prince Arthur (1850–1942) married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917) on 13 March 1879 at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle. They had 2 daughters and 1 son.

In March 1911, the Duke of Connaught's nephew King George V (son of the Duke's recently-deceased brother King Edward VII) appointed his uncle to represent him as Governor General of Canada. He thus became the first, and so far only, Governor General of Canada to be of the Blood Royal, although he had been preceded in this office from 1878 to 1883 by the Marquess of Lorne, the non-royal husband of his sister Princess Louise (see above). [King George's son, the Duke of Gloucester, was later Governor-General of Australia, and the Duke of Connaught's own son was later Governor-General of South Africa. See above and below.]

Prince Arthur's elder daughter (and Queen Victoria's granddaughter) Princess Margaret of Connaught became Crown Princess of Sweden in 1907 after marrying the future King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden in 1905.

• Princess Margaret and Prince Gustav Adolf's grandson (and a great-great-grandson of Victoria) King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden is the current monarch of Sweden having reigned from 1973. He is the youngest and only son of Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten.
• Their only daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Ingrid of Sweden married King Frederick IX of Denmark (reigned 1947–1972) and was the mother of present Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, great-great-granddaughters of Queen Victoria.
• Their youngest son, Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg (1916-2012), was the last great-grandchild of Victoria and Albert to die

Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret → Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten → King Carl XVI Gustav
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret → Princess Ingrid → Danish Queen Margrethe II & Greek Queen Anne-Marie
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret → Count Carl Johan Bernadotte

The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Field Marshal, Governor General of Canada	1 May 1850 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	16 January 1942 Bagshot Park, Surrey	Married 13 March 1879 in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire) 1 son, 2 daughters 6 grandsons, 1 granddaughter (including Queen Ingrid of Denmark and Count Carl Johan Bernadotte, the last great-grandchild of Queen Victoria to die) ¶ The Duke of Connaught was made a Field Marshal in 1902 and served as Governor General of Canada (representing his nephew King George V) from 1911 to 1916.
	Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia	25 July 1860 Potsdam, Germany	14 March 1917 Clarence House, Westminster (London)