Jump to content

MGM-Pathé Communications: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→History: tags per DYK review
mNo edit summary
(8 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 12: Line 12:
| relaunched = [[start date|1992]] as [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| relaunched = [[start date|1992]] as [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| industry = [[Movie studio]]
| industry = [[Movie studio]]
| key_people = Giancarlo Parretti (MGM-Pathé, 1990-1991)<br/>[[Alan Ladd, Jr.]] ([[MGM]], 1991-1992)<br/>[[Frank Mancuso, Sr.]] (MGM, 1992-1996)<br/>[[John Calley]] ([[United Artists|UA]], 1992-1996)
| key_people = Giancarlo Parretti (MGM-Pathé, 1990-1991)<br/>[[Alan Ladd, Jr.]] (MGM-Pathé, 1991-1993)<br/>[[Frank Mancuso, Sr.]] ([[MGM/UA]], 1993-1999)<br/>Michael Marcus (MGM, 1993-1996)<br/>[[John Calley]] ([[United Artists|UA]], 1993-1996)
| products = Motion pictures, Video releasing, Cinema Chains
| products = {{ubl|Motion pictures|Video releasing|Cinema Chains|Television}}
| num_employees =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| parent =
Line 22: Line 22:


==History==
==History==
In the mid-1980s American businessman [[Kirk Kerkorian]] sold portions of [[MGM/UA]] to [[Ted Turner]]. In 1985-86, Kerkorian repurchased [[United Artists]], and then Kerkorian/UA repurchased [[MGM]] minus the company's film library and [[Culver City]] lot and film labs, which were sold separately by Ted Turner to [[Lorimar]].<ref name="Book 1"/> In 1989, Kerkorian agreed to sell his MGM/UA interests to [[Australia]]n broadcasting company [[Qintex]]<ref>{{cite news|first1=[[Associated Pres]]|title=Australian Firm to Buy MGM/UA for $1 Billion : Qintex Group to Acquire 4,000 Films; Kerkorian to Retain Some Assets|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-04-01/business/fi-921_1_mgm-film|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 1, 1989}}</ref><ref name="Book 4"/> after they tendered an offer of $1.5 billion deal to beat out [[Rupert Murdoch]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reckard|first1=E. Scott|title=Qintex Tops Murdoch with Successful $1.5 BILLION Bid for MGM-UA|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1989/Qintex-Tops-Murdoch-With-Successful-$1-5-Billion-Bid-for-MGM-UA/id-4d32634a475eb0c8082b5a67fb4046d3|accessdate=JUly 14, 2014|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=September 15, 1989}}</ref> However, when Qintex was unable to provide a $50 million [[letter of credit]] the deal collapsed.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stevenson|first1=Richard W.|title=Deal to Buy MGM/UA Collapses|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/business/deal-to-buy-mgm-ua-collapses.html|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 11, 1989}}</ref> Five months after the Qintex deal fell through, [[Italian people|Italian]] financier Giancarlo Parretti brokered a deal to make the purchase for $1.2 billion,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stevenson|first1=Richard W.|title=Pathe in $1.2 Billion Deal to Buy MGM/UA|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/08/business/pathe-in-1.2-billion-deal-to-buy-mgm-ua.html|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 8, 1990}}</ref> but questions were raised over Parretti's financial acumen.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Citron|first1=Alan|last2=Cieply|first2=Michael|title=A Hollywood Mystery : Entertainment: Despite Giancarlo Parretti's lavish lifestyle and his bid for MGM/UA, the Italian financier remains a little-known outsider.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-06/business/fi-464_1_giancarlo-parretti|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 6, 1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Richter|first1=Paul|title=The Mogul Behind Pathe's Bid : Entertainment: Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti has amassed an empire of TV and movie studios. But skeptics say his company lacks the finances to buy MGM/UA.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-08/business/fi-2954_1_financier-giancarlo-parretti|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 8, 1990}}</ref> When Parretti had announced his intent to make the purchase, the French government scuttled Parretti's initial bid to buy [[Pathé]] due to concerns about his character, background and past dealings,<ref name="Spy">{{cite journal|last1=Epstein|first1=Edward Jay|title=The Mystery of the Instant Mogul|ISSN=0890-1759|journal=[[Spy (magazine)|Spy]]|date=June, 1990|pages=6, 85-93|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pCfQINJRXRgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=July 14, 2014}}</ref> but he ultimately received backing from [[Crédit Lyonnais]] to complete the MGM/UA purchase.<ref name="Spy"/> In order to help finance the purchase, Parretti licensed the MGM/UA library to [[Time Warner]] for home video and the [[Turner Broadcasting System]] for domestic television rights.<ref name = "Book 0"/> He then merged it with his Pathé Communications Group, formerly [[Cannon Group]] (a distributor that Parretti had renamed as "Pathé Communications" before his aborted bid for the original [[Pathé]] company), to form MGM-Pathé Communications. [[Alan Ladd, Jr.]], a former President of MGM/UA, was then brought on board as [[chief executive officer|CEO]] of MGM in December, 1991,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Horn|first1=John|title=Historic studio back, but will it roar again?|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19920106&id=tHMxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kBQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2402,1497427|accessdate=July 15, 2014|agency=[[Associated press]]|publisher=[[Star-News]]|date=January 6, 1992}}</ref><ref name = "Book 0"/> and James Kanter as [[Chief Operating Officer]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Humphrey|first1=Theresa|title=Paretti removed from MGM-Pathe|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HXxGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EOkMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4224%2C7988861|accessdate=July 15, 2014|page=17|publisher=[[The Daily Gazette]]|date=December 31, 1991}}</ref>
In the mid-1980s American businessman [[Kirk Kerkorian]] sold portions of [[MGM/UA]] to [[Ted Turner]]. In 1985-86, Kerkorian repurchased [[United Artists]] and then [[MGM]], but without the company's film library and [[Culver City]] lot and film processing labs (entities which had been earlier sold by Ted Turner to [[Lorimar]]).<ref name="Book 1"/> In 1989, Kerkorian agreed to sell his MGM/UA interests to [[Australia]]n broadcasting company [[Qintex]]<ref>{{cite news|first1=[[Associated Pres]]|title=Australian Firm to Buy MGM/UA for $1 Billion : Qintex Group to Acquire 4,000 Films; Kerkorian to Retain Some Assets|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-04-01/business/fi-921_1_mgm-film|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 1, 1989}}</ref><ref name="Book 4"/> after they tendered an offer of $1.5 billion deal to beat out [[Rupert Murdoch]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reckard|first1=E. Scott|title=Qintex Tops Murdoch with Successful $1.5 BILLION Bid for MGM-UA|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1989/Qintex-Tops-Murdoch-With-Successful-$1-5-Billion-Bid-for-MGM-UA/id-4d32634a475eb0c8082b5a67fb4046d3|accessdate=JUly 14, 2014|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=September 15, 1989}}</ref> However, when Qintex was unable to provide a $50 million [[letter of credit]] the deal collapsed.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stevenson|first1=Richard W.|title=Deal to Buy MGM/UA Collapses|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/business/deal-to-buy-mgm-ua-collapses.html|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 11, 1989}}</ref> Five months after the Qintex deal fell through, [[Italian people|Italian]] financier Giancarlo Parretti brokered a deal to make the purchase for $1.2 billion,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stevenson|first1=Richard W.|title=Pathe in $1.2 Billion Deal to Buy MGM/UA|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/08/business/pathe-in-1.2-billion-deal-to-buy-mgm-ua.html|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 8, 1990}}</ref> but questions were raised over Parretti's financial acumen.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Citron|first1=Alan|last2=Cieply|first2=Michael|title=A Hollywood Mystery : Entertainment: Despite Giancarlo Parretti's lavish lifestyle and his bid for MGM/UA, the Italian financier remains a little-known outsider.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-06/business/fi-464_1_giancarlo-parretti|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 6, 1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Richter|first1=Paul|title=The Mogul Behind Pathe's Bid : Entertainment: Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti has amassed an empire of TV and movie studios. But skeptics say his company lacks the finances to buy MGM/UA.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-08/business/fi-2954_1_financier-giancarlo-parretti|accessdate=July 14, 2014|publisher=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 8, 1990}}</ref> When Parretti had announced his intent to make the purchase, the French government scuttled Parretti's initial bid to buy [[Pathé]] due to concerns about his character, background and past dealings,<ref name="Spy">{{cite journal|last1=Epstein|first1=Edward Jay|title=The Mystery of the Instant Mogul|ISSN=0890-1759|journal=[[Spy (magazine)|Spy]]|date=June, 1990|pages=6, 85-93|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pCfQINJRXRgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=July 14, 2014}}</ref> but he ultimately received backing from [[Crédit Lyonnais]] to complete the MGM/UA purchase.<ref name="Spy"/> In order to help finance the purchase, Parretti licensed the MGM/UA library to [[Time Warner]] for home video and the [[Turner Broadcasting System]] for domestic television rights.<ref name = "Book 0"/> He then merged it with his Pathé Communications Group, formerly [[Cannon Group]] (a distributor that Parretti had renamed as "Pathé Communications" before his aborted bid for the original [[Pathé]] company), to form MGM-Pathé Communications. [[Alan Ladd, Jr.]], a former President of MGM/UA, was then brought on board as [[chief executive officer|CEO]] of MGM in December, 1991,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Horn|first1=John|title=Historic studio back, but will it roar again?|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19920106&id=tHMxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kBQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2402,1497427|accessdate=July 15, 2014|agency=[[Associated press]]|publisher=[[Star-News]]|date=January 6, 1992}}</ref><ref name = "Book 0"/> and James Kanter as [[Chief Operating Officer]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Humphrey|first1=Theresa|title=Paretti removed from MGM-Pathe|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HXxGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EOkMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4224%2C7988861|accessdate=July 15, 2014|page=17|publisher=[[The Daily Gazette]]|date=December 31, 1991}}</ref>


Later in 1991, Parretti's ownership of MGM–Pathé was dissolved in a flurry of lawsuits and a default take-over by [[Crédit Lyonnais]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Italian loses control of MGM studio|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1914&dat=19911230&id=hAogAAAAIBAJ&sjid=b2UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4092,6053922|accessdate=July 14, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Sun Journal (Lewiston)|Sun Journal]]|date=December 30, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Judge gives MGM reins to creditor|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19911231&id=pPtQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0OoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6858,7236724|accessdate=July 14, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Eugene Register-Guard]]|date=December 31, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Studio is looking into the future|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19920105&id=nPYaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lEcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6691,1077169|accessdate=July 15, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[The Daily News (Kentucky)|The Daily News]]|date=January 5, 1992}}</ref> Parretti faced [[security (finance)|securities]] fraud charges in the United States and Europe.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wells|first1=Rob|title=Financier settles fraud charges with SEC|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1916&dat=19960105&id=yxVJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jwYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4634,444961|accessdate=July 14, 2014|page=17|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[The Hour (newspaper)|The Hour]]|date=January 5, 1996}}</ref> On the verge of bankruptcy and failure, Crédit Lyonnais foreclosed in 1992,<ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=MGM-Pathe auctioned to Credit Lyonnaise|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1345&dat=19920508&id=U7gSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-vkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6848,1251029|accessdate=July 14, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Spokane Chronicle]]|date=May 8, 1992}}</ref> assigned control of MGM–Pathé to a subsidiary,<ref name="Book 4"/> and converted its name back to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. To no avail, Parretti had demanded that the MGM executive committee sell off certain assets in order to pay down the loan to Crédit Lyonnais so that he could regain control, but the committee declined due to concerns over the price adequacy of the portions of the company Parretti wished sold.<ref name = "Book 3"/>
Later in 1991, Parretti's ownership of MGM–Pathé was dissolved in a flurry of lawsuits and a default take-over by [[Crédit Lyonnais]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Italian loses control of MGM studio|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1914&dat=19911230&id=hAogAAAAIBAJ&sjid=b2UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4092,6053922|accessdate=July 14, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Sun Journal (Lewiston)|Sun Journal]]|date=December 30, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Judge gives MGM reins to creditor|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19911231&id=pPtQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0OoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6858,7236724|accessdate=July 14, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Eugene Register-Guard]]|date=December 31, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Studio is looking into the future|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19920105&id=nPYaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lEcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6691,1077169|accessdate=July 15, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[The Daily News (Kentucky)|The Daily News]]|date=January 5, 1992}}</ref> Parretti faced [[security (finance)|securities]] fraud charges in the United States and Europe.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wells|first1=Rob|title=Financier settles fraud charges with SEC|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1916&dat=19960105&id=yxVJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jwYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4634,444961|accessdate=July 14, 2014|page=17|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[The Hour (newspaper)|The Hour]]|date=January 5, 1996}}</ref> On the verge of bankruptcy and failure, Crédit Lyonnais foreclosed in 1992,<ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=MGM-Pathe auctioned to Credit Lyonnaise|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1345&dat=19920508&id=U7gSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-vkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6848,1251029|accessdate=July 14, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Spokane Chronicle]]|date=May 8, 1992}}</ref> assigned control of MGM–Pathé to a subsidiary,<ref name="Book 4"/> and converted its name back to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. To no avail, Parretti had demanded that the MGM executive committee sell off certain assets in order to pay down the loan to Crédit Lyonnais so that he could regain control, but the committee declined due to concerns over the price adequacy of the portions of the company Parretti wished sold.<ref name = "Book 3"/>


In July 1993, former Paramount executive [[Frank Mancuso, Sr.]] replaced Ladd as CEO.<ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=French bank installs new head at MGM|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1290&dat=19930726&id=61FUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iI4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4757,5644831|accessdate=July 15, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Boca Raton News]]|date=July 26, 1993}}</ref> and former Warner Bros. executive [[John Calley]]{{fact}} (as United Artists head). As part of his exit package Ladd took some of the top properties, including ''[[Braveheart]]''. After the split, [[Pathé]] revived, but MGM/UA CI did not.<ref name = "Book 0"/> The company remained under control of Crédit Lyonnais Bank until 1996, when it was repurchased by an investment group led by Kirk Kerkorian,<ref name="Book 2"/> who in 1997 also purchased [[Orion Pictures]], thus obtaining rights to 1,900 film titles and and 3,000 television episodes, boosting the MGM archives to more than 5,000 film titles.<ref name="Book 4"/>
In July 1993, Crédit Lyonnais replaced Ladd as CEO by bringing in former [[Paramount Pictures]] executive [[Frank Mancuso, Sr.]]<ref name="Book 1"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=staff|title=French bank installs new head at MGM|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1290&dat=19930726&id=61FUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iI4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4757,5644831|accessdate=July 15, 2014|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Boca Raton News]]|date=July 26, 1993}}</ref> Mancuso then brought in Michael Marcus to head MGM<ref name="Book 1"/> and former Warner Bros. executive [[John Calley]]<ref name="Book 6">{{cite book|last1=Augros|first1=Joël|title=L'argent d'Hollywood|year=1996|publisher=Editions L'Harmattan|language=French|isbn=2296314848|pages=320|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OziOF98s7r4C&pg=PA320&dq=John+Calley,+MGM-Path%C3%A9&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZK7JU5flFcz8oATxhIGQAQ&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=John%20Calley%2C%20MGM-Path%C3%A9&f=false}}</ref> as head of the new United Artists.<ref name="Book 1"/> As part of his exit package Ladd took some of the top properties, including ''[[Braveheart]]''.<ref name="Book 7">{{cite book|last1=Nollen|first1=Scott Allen|title=Robin Hood: a cinematic history of the English outlaw and his Scottish counterparts|year=1999|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0786406437|pages=201-203|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_HtZAAAAMAAJ&q=Ladd+takes+Braveheart&dq=Ladd+takes+Braveheart&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LtLJU6e-Boq7oQScp4H4BQ&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA}}</ref> After the split, [[Pathé]] revived, but MGM/UA CI did not.<ref name = "Book 0"/> The company remained under control of Crédit Lyonnais Bank until 1996, when it was repurchased by an investment group led by Kirk Kerkorian,<ref name="Book 2"/> who in 1997 also purchased [[Orion Pictures]], thus obtaining rights to 1,900 film titles and 3,000 television episodes and bringing the MGM film archives to more than 5,000 titles at that time.<ref name="Book 4"/>

[[MGM/UA Home Video]] existed until 2004.<ref name = "Book 0"/>{{failed verification}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 09:33, 19 July 2014

MGM-Pathé Communications
Company typePrivately held company
IndustryMovie studio
Founded1990 (1990)
FounderGiancarlo Parretti
Defunct1991 (1991)
FateForeclosure
HeadquartersUnited States
Key people
Giancarlo Parretti (MGM-Pathé, 1990-1991)
Alan Ladd, Jr. (MGM-Pathé, 1991-1993)
Frank Mancuso, Sr. (MGM/UA, 1993-1999)
Michael Marcus (MGM, 1993-1996)
John Calley (UA, 1993-1996)
Products
  • Motion pictures
  • Video releasing
  • Cinema Chains
  • Television

MGM-Pathé Communications was a company founded in 1990 by Giancarlo Parretti through his purchase and merger of MGM/UA Communications Inc. and Pathé Communications Group (created after Parretti purchased and re-named Cannon in an anticipation of acquiring the original Pathé company).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

History

In the mid-1980s American businessman Kirk Kerkorian sold portions of MGM/UA to Ted Turner. In 1985-86, Kerkorian repurchased United Artists and then MGM, but without the company's film library and Culver City lot and film processing labs (entities which had been earlier sold by Ted Turner to Lorimar).[3] In 1989, Kerkorian agreed to sell his MGM/UA interests to Australian broadcasting company Qintex[8][6] after they tendered an offer of $1.5 billion deal to beat out Rupert Murdoch.[9] However, when Qintex was unable to provide a $50 million letter of credit the deal collapsed.[10] Five months after the Qintex deal fell through, Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti brokered a deal to make the purchase for $1.2 billion,[11] but questions were raised over Parretti's financial acumen.[12][13] When Parretti had announced his intent to make the purchase, the French government scuttled Parretti's initial bid to buy Pathé due to concerns about his character, background and past dealings,[14] but he ultimately received backing from Crédit Lyonnais to complete the MGM/UA purchase.[14] In order to help finance the purchase, Parretti licensed the MGM/UA library to Time Warner for home video and the Turner Broadcasting System for domestic television rights.[2] He then merged it with his Pathé Communications Group, formerly Cannon Group (a distributor that Parretti had renamed as "Pathé Communications" before his aborted bid for the original Pathé company), to form MGM-Pathé Communications. Alan Ladd, Jr., a former President of MGM/UA, was then brought on board as CEO of MGM in December, 1991,[15][2] and James Kanter as Chief Operating Officer.[16]

Later in 1991, Parretti's ownership of MGM–Pathé was dissolved in a flurry of lawsuits and a default take-over by Crédit Lyonnais.[17][18][19] Parretti faced securities fraud charges in the United States and Europe.[20] On the verge of bankruptcy and failure, Crédit Lyonnais foreclosed in 1992,[21] assigned control of MGM–Pathé to a subsidiary,[6] and converted its name back to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. To no avail, Parretti had demanded that the MGM executive committee sell off certain assets in order to pay down the loan to Crédit Lyonnais so that he could regain control, but the committee declined due to concerns over the price adequacy of the portions of the company Parretti wished sold.[5]

In July 1993, Crédit Lyonnais replaced Ladd as CEO by bringing in former Paramount Pictures executive Frank Mancuso, Sr.[3][22] Mancuso then brought in Michael Marcus to head MGM[3] and former Warner Bros. executive John Calley[23] as head of the new United Artists.[3] As part of his exit package Ladd took some of the top properties, including Braveheart.[24] After the split, Pathé revived, but MGM/UA CI did not.[2] The company remained under control of Crédit Lyonnais Bank until 1996, when it was repurchased by an investment group led by Kirk Kerkorian,[4] who in 1997 also purchased Orion Pictures, thus obtaining rights to 1,900 film titles and 3,000 television episodes and bringing the MGM film archives to more than 5,000 titles at that time.[6]

References

  1. ^ Fabrikant, Geraldine (March 1, 1989). "THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Golan Quits Cannon Group To Form His Own Company". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Prince, Stephen (2002). A New Pot of Gold: Hollywood Under the Electronic Rainbow, 1980-1989 (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. pp. 14–16, 71–74. ISBN 0520232666. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e Finler, Joel Waldo (2003). The Hollywood Story (illustrated, revised ed.). Wallflower Press. pp. 143–144. ISBN 1903364663. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  4. ^ a b Kroon, Richard W. (2014). A/V A to Z: An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Media, Entertainment and Other Audiovisual Terms. McFarland. p. 417. ISBN 0786457406. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  5. ^ a b Constance E. Bagley, Diane Savage (2009). Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for the 21st Centur (6 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 952. ISBN 0324582048. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d Rothman, Howard (2004). 50 Companies That Changed the World. see Chaper 48, Metro-Goldwyn Mayer: Jaico Publishing House. ISBN 8179923266. Retrieved July 14, 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  7. ^ Slide, Anthony (2014). The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry. see Pathé Entertainment, Inc.: Routledge. ISBN 1135925615.
  8. ^ "Australian Firm to Buy MGM/UA for $1 Billion : Qintex Group to Acquire 4,000 Films; Kerkorian to Retain Some Assets". The Los Angeles Times. April 1, 1989. Retrieved July 14, 2014. {{cite news}}: |first1= missing |last1= (help); Check |first1= value (help)
  9. ^ Reckard, E. Scott (September 15, 1989). "Qintex Tops Murdoch with Successful $1.5 BILLION Bid for MGM-UA". Associated Press. Retrieved JUly 14, 2014. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  10. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. (October 11, 1989). "Deal to Buy MGM/UA Collapses". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  11. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. (March 8, 1990). "Pathe in $1.2 Billion Deal to Buy MGM/UA". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  12. ^ Citron, Alan; Cieply, Michael (March 6, 1990). "A Hollywood Mystery : Entertainment: Despite Giancarlo Parretti's lavish lifestyle and his bid for MGM/UA, the Italian financier remains a little-known outsider". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  13. ^ Richter, Paul (March 8, 1990). "The Mogul Behind Pathe's Bid : Entertainment: Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti has amassed an empire of TV and movie studios. But skeptics say his company lacks the finances to buy MGM/UA". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  14. ^ a b Epstein, Edward Jay (June, 1990). "The Mystery of the Instant Mogul". Spy: 6, 85–93. ISSN 0890-1759. Retrieved July 14, 2014. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Horn, John (January 6, 1992). "Historic studio back, but will it roar again?". Star-News. Associated press. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  16. ^ Humphrey, Theresa (December 31, 1991). "Paretti removed from MGM-Pathe". The Daily Gazette. p. 17. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  17. ^ staff (December 30, 1991). "Italian loses control of MGM studio". Sun Journal. Associated Press. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  18. ^ staff (December 31, 1991). "Judge gives MGM reins to creditor". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  19. ^ staff (January 5, 1992). "Studio is looking into the future". The Daily News. Associated Press. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  20. ^ Wells, Rob (January 5, 1996). "Financier settles fraud charges with SEC". The Hour. Associated Press. p. 17. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  21. ^ staff (May 8, 1992). "MGM-Pathe auctioned to Credit Lyonnaise". Spokane Chronicle. Associated Press. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  22. ^ staff (July 26, 1993). "French bank installs new head at MGM". Boca Raton News. Associated Press. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  23. ^ Augros, Joël (1996). L'argent d'Hollywood (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. p. 320. ISBN 2296314848.
  24. ^ Nollen, Scott Allen (1999). Robin Hood: a cinematic history of the English outlaw and his Scottish counterparts. McFarland. pp. 201–203. ISBN 0786406437.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MGM-Pathé_Communications&oldid=617559316"