July 13

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Template:Linked-title is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining.

Events

• 982 - Otto II is defeated in Calabria by the Saracens, Pandulf II of Salerno and Landulf IV of Benevento killed in battle.
• 1174 - William the Lion of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
• 1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
• 1573 - Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
• 1643 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
• 1772 - HMS Resolution, under the command of Captain James Cook, sets sail from Plymouth, England.
• 1787 - The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
• 1794 - Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria
• 1822 - Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.
• 1830 - Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengal Renaissance is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• 1832 - The source of the Mississippi River is discovered, by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft.
• 1837 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom moves into the first Buckingham Palace in London and is the first British monarch to live there.
• 1854 - In the battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.
• 1863 - New York Draft Riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
• 1878 - Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.
• 1900 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers.
• 1908 - Women compete in modern Olympics for the first time.
• 1909 - Gold discovered near Cochrane, Ontario.
• 1914 - Simone Pianetti's muss murder action in Camerata Cornello,Italy
• 1912 - Leader of the Indian freedom movement and scholar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad brought out his noted Urdu news journal, al-Hilal.
• 1919 - The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
• 1923 - The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.
• 1936 - A heat wave strikes the Midwestern United States. The all-time highest temperatures for the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana are all recorded on this date.
• 1941 - World War II: Montenegrins start popular uprising against the Axis Powers (Crnogorski ustanak).
• 1942 - World War II: German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in Gulf of St. Lawrence.
• 1948 - The Coptic and Ethiopian Churches reach an agreement leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous Patriarchate.
• 1973 - Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
• 1977 - The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
• 1978 - Ford Motor Company President Lee Iacocca is fired by chairman Henry Ford II, ending a long dispute between the men.
• 1983 - Around 3,000 Tamils were slaughtered by Sinhalese Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring Tamil Nadu, India and a lot found refuge in Europe and Canada. This incident, known as Black July led directly to beginning of civil war in Sri Lanka.
• 1985 - The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.
• 1985 - Vice President George H.W. Bush became the first Vice President to become Acting President when President Ronald Reagan underwent surgery to remove polyps from his colon. Bush served as Acting President for approximately eight hours.
• 2002 - A lightning strike sets off the Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which had burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km²) when finally contained on September 5.
• 2005 - Three trains collide in the Ghotki rail crash in Ghotki, Pakistan, killing over 150 people.
• 2006 - 2006 Israel-Lebanon-Hezbollah conflict: The Israeli Air Force drops 3 missiles on Beirut International Airport, after Hezbollah militants kidnap two Israeli soldiers.

Births

• 100 BC - Gaius Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic (d. 44 BC)
• 40 - Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain (d. 93)
• 1527 - John Dee, English scientist (d. 1609)
• 1579 - Arthur Dee, English physician (d. 1651)
• 1590 - Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
• 1607 - Václav Hollar, Czech-born artist (d. 1677)
• 1608 - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
• 1770 - Alexander Balashov, Russian general (d. 1837)
• 1793 - John Clare, English poet (d. 1864)
• 1808 - Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta, President of France (d. 1893)
• 1821 - Nathan Bedford Forrest, American founder of the original Ku Klux Klan (not the current one) (d. 1877)
• 1841 - Otto Wagner, Austrian architect (d. 1918)
• 1858 - Stewart Culin, American ethnographer (d. 1929)
• 1859 - Sidney Webb, British socialist (d. 1947)
• 1864 - John Jacob Astor IV, American entrepreneur (d. 1912)
• 1882 - Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (d. 1960)
• 1894 - Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (d. 1940)
• 1896 - Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (d. 1992)
• 1898 - Julius Schreck, member of the Nazi party (d. 1936)
• 1900 - George Lewis, American musician (d. 1969)
• 1904 - JRD Tata Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata Indian businessman (d. 1993)
• 1913 - Dave Garroway, American television host (d. 1982)
• 1918 - Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
• 1920 - Bill Towers, English footballer (d. 2000)
• 1921 - Ernest Gold, Austrian composer (d. 1999)
• 1921 - Friedrich Peter, Austrian poltitician (d. 2005)
• 1924 - Carlo Bergonzi, Italian singer
• 1927 - Simone Veil, French politician
• 1928 - Leroy Vinnegar, American jazz bassist
• 1928 - Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
• 1928 - Tommaso Buscetta, Sicilian mafioso and pentito (d. 2000)
• 1929 - Alan Civil, English musician (d. 1989)
• 1929 - Sofia Muratova, Soviet gymnast
• 1931 - Frank Ramsey, American basketball player
• 1934 - Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel laureate
• 1934 - Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
• 1935 - Jack Kemp, American football player
• 1936 - Albert Ayler, American musician (d. 1970)
• 1940 - Patrick Stewart, English actor
• 1941 - Robert Forster, American actor
• 1941 - Jacques Perrin, French actor and filmmaker
• 1942 - Harrison Ford, American actor
• 1942 - Roger McGuinn, American musician
• 1944 - Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor
• 1946 - Cheech Marin, American actor
• 1950 - George "Pinky" Nelson, American astronaut
• 1951 - Stellan Skarsgård, Swedish actor
• 1951 - Rob Bishop, American politician
• 1954 - Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer
• 1954 - Louise Mandrell, American musician
• 1956 - Claude Giroux, Canadian midget wrestler
• 1957 - Phil Margera, father of Bam Margera
• 1957 - Cameron Crowe, American film director
• 1957 - Thierry Boutsen, Belgian racing driver
• 1959 - Richard Leman, British field hockey player
• 1960 - Ian Hislop, English writer, editor of Private Eye
• 1961 - Tim Watson, Australian footballer
• 1961 - Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
• 1962 - Rhonda Vincent, American singer
• 1962 - Tom Kenny, American voice actor
• 1963 - Neal Foulds, English snooker player
• 1966 - Gerald Levert, American singer (d. 2006)
• 1967 - Benny Benassi, Italian disc jockey
• 1968 - Robert Gant, American actor
• 1969 - Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan politician and political scientist
• 1969 - Mark Greenway, British vocalist
• 1969 - Kakhi Kakhiashvili, Georgian-born Greek weightlifter
• 1970 - Barry Pinches, English snooker player
• 1971 - En?gma, former British wrestler
• 1972 - Sean Waltman, American wrestler
• 1973 - Monoxide Child, American rapper
• 1973 - Ariel Silvio Zárate, Argentine footballer
• 1974 - Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
• 1975 - Danni Boatwright, American model, sports caster, and Survivor contestant
• 1978 - Sheldon Souray, Canadian hockey player
• 1979 - Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
• 1982 - Joost van den Broek, Dutch keyboard player (After Forever)
• 1982 - Simon Clist, English footballer
• 1982 - Christopher Bauman, American wrestler (d. 2005)
• 1982 - Yadier Molina, baseball player
• 1983 - Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdling athlete
• 1989 - Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer
• 1992 - Nathan Gilmour, Trouble Maker

Deaths

• 939 - Pope Leo VII
• 1189 - Matilda of England, daughter of Henry II of England (b. 1156)
• 1205 - Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and Justicier of England
• 1357 - Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian jurist (b. 1313)
• 1399 - Peter Parler, German architect (b. 1330)
• 1402 - Jianwen Emperor of China (b. 1377)
• 1551 - John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat
• 1621 - Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (b. 1559)
• 1626 - Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (b. 1563)
• 1628 - Robert Shirley, English adventurer
• 1629 - Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
• 1645 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
• 1683 - Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1631)
• 1693 - Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms, Dutch lieutenant-general (b. 1636)
• 1705 - Titus Oates, English Protestant conspirator (b. 1649)
• 1755 - Edward Braddock, British general
• 1760 - Conrad Weiser, Pennsylvania's ambassador to the Native Americans (b. 1696)
• 1761 - Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b. 1712)
• 1762 - James Bradley, English Astronomer Royal (b. 1693)
• 1789 - Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b. 1715)
• 1793 - Jean-Paul Marat, French revolutionary (b. 1743)
• 1807 - Henry Benedict Stuart, Jacobite claimant to the throne of England (b. 1725)
• 1882 - Johnny Ringo, American Gunfighter (b. 1850)
• 1889 - Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet (b. 1830)
• 1896 - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist (b. 1829)
• 1921 - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg scientist (b. 1845)
• 1946 - Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
• 1951 - Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874)
• 1954 - Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907)
• 1955 - Ruth Ellis, last woman to get the death sentence in Britain (b. 1926)
• 1960 - Joy Gresham, American writer (b. 1915)
• 1965 - Photios Kontoglou, Greek writer, painter and iconographer (b. 1895)
• 1967 - Tom Simpson, British cyclist (b. 1937)
• 1974 - Patrick Blackett, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
• 1976 - Joachim Peiper, German military leader (b. 1915)
• 1980 - Seretse Khama, first President of Botswana (b. 1921)
• 1983 - Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author (b. 1909)
• 1993 - Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
• 1996 - Pandro S. Berman, American film producer (b. 1905)
• 2002 - Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-born photographer (b. 1908)
• 2003 - Compay Segundo, Cuban musician (b. 1907)
• 2003 - Jeff Groteboer, American writer (b. 1960)
• 2004 - Arthur Kane, American musician (b. 1951)
• 2004 - Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (b. 1930)
• 2006 - Red Buttons, American comedian (b. 1919)

Holidays and observances

• Kiribati - Independence Day, 2nd day (not a holiday)
• Mongolia - Naadam Holiday, 3rd day
• Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Kálimát (Words) - First day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í calendar
• Bon Festival - Buddhist festival to honor the dead (East Japan)

Liturgical feasts

• Saint Anacletus, pope, martyr [southern France, Franciscans]
• Saint Eugenius, bishop of Carthage, and companions, confessors (died 505)
• Saint Henry, Holy Roman Emperor, confessor [common] (died 1024)
• Saint Joel
• Saint Silas, apostle [northern France]
• Saint Thuriaf, bishop of Dol, confessor [Paris, as Curien]
• Saint Willehad, bishop of Bremen, confessor (Ordination) [Bremen]
• Saint Margaret, virgin, martyr [common]
• Saint Mildrada, abbess, virgin [Utrecht, Exeter]
• Saint Sara

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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