List of weather records: Difference between revisions
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This is a '''list of weather records''', a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern [[list of weather instruments|weather instrumentation]] was invented, or in remote areas without an official [[weather station]]. This list does not include [[remote sensing|remotely sensed observations]] such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wmo.asu.edu/#global|title=World Meteorological Organization: Global Weather & Climate Extremes|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]]|accessdate=15 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213113854/http://wmo.asu.edu/|archivedate=13 December 2013}}</ref> |
This is a '''list of weather records''', a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern [[list of weather instruments|weather instrumentation]] was invented, or in remote areas without an official [[weather station]]. This list does not include [[remote sensing|remotely sensed observations]] such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wmo.asu.edu/#global|title=World Meteorological Organization: Global Weather & Climate Extremes|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]]|accessdate=15 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213113854/http://wmo.asu.edu/|archivedate=13 December 2013}}</ref> |
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Please do not change this unless a new record is recognized by some official organization |
Please do not change this unless a new record is recognized by some official organization |
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-->1. 136 degrees by Libya! |
-->-->1. 136 degrees by Libya! |
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| 56.7 °C (134 °[[Fahrenheit|F]]) |
| 56.7 °C (134 °[[Fahrenheit|F]]) |
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| [[Furnace Creek Ranch, California|Furnace Creek Ranch]] (formerly ''Greenland Ranch''), [[Death Valley]], [[California]] |
| [[Furnace Creek Ranch, California|Furnace Creek Ranch]] (formerly ''Greenland Ranch''), [[Death Valley]], [[California]] |
Revision as of 16:00, 18 April 2014
This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station. This list does not include remotely sensed observations such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records.[1]
Temperature
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are two meters above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight (hence the term, x degrees "in the shade"). These lists include all officially confirmed claims measured by those methods. Highest top 3 temperatures recorded since 2000 are:
Kuwait 53.6 °C (128.5 °F) Sulaibya 2012-07-31
Pakistan 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) Mohenjo-daro, Sindh 2010-05-26
Iraq 53.0 °C (127.4 °F) Ali Air Base, Nasiriyah 2011-08-03.
Heat
Highest temperatures ever recorded
Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
World† North America USA-->1. 136 degrees by Libya! |
56.7 °C (134 °F) | Furnace Creek Ranch (formerly Greenland Ranch), Death Valley, California | 1913-07-10[2][3][4] |
Canada | 45.0 °C (113 °F) | Midale, Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan | 1937-07-05[5] |
Greenland | 25.9 °C (78.6 °F) | Maniitsoq | 2013-07-30[6] |
Mexico | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora | 1966-07-06[7][8] |
Africa Tunisia |
55.0 °C (131 °F) | Kebili | 1931-07-07[9][10] |
Algeria | 50.6 °C (123.1 °F) | In Salah, Tamanrasset Province | 2002-07-12[9] |
Benin | 44.5 °C (112 °F) | Kandi | ?[11] |
Botswana | 42.6 °C (108.4 °F) | Tsabong | ?[11] |
Burkina Faso | 47.2 °C (117 °F) | Dori | ?[11] |
Cameroon | 47.7 °C (117.9 °F) | Kousseri | ?[12] |
Central African Republic | 45 °C (113 °F) | Birao | ?[11] |
Chad | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 2010-06-22[12] |
Côte d'Ivoire | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Odienne | ?[11] |
Djibouti | 49.5 °C (121 °F) | Tadjourah | ?[11] |
Egypt | 50.3 °C (122.6 °F) | Kharga | ?[11] |
Eritrea | 48 °C (118.4 °F) | Massawa | ?[11] |
Ethiopia | 48.9 °C (120 °F) | Dallol | ?[11] |
The Gambia | 45.5 °C (114 °F) | Basse Santa Su | 2008-?-?[11] |
Ghana | 43.9 °C (111 °F) | Navrongo | ?[11] |
Guinea-Bissau | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Bafata | ?[11] |
Libya | 50.2 °C (122.4 °F) | Zuara | 1995-06[10][13] |
Malawi | 45 °C (113 °F) | Ngabu, Chikwawa District | ?[11] |
Mali | 48.2 °C (118 °F) | Gao | ?[11] |
Mauritania | 50 °C (122 °F) | Akjoujt, Inchiri | ?[11] |
Morocco | 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | Marrakech | 2012-07-17[14] |
Mozambique | 47.3 °C (117.2 °F) | Chibuto | 2009-02-03[11] |
Namibia | 47.8 °C (118 °F) | Noordoewer | 2009-02-06[11] |
Niger | 48.2 °C (118.8 °F) | Bilma | 2010-06-23[12] |
Nigeria | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 2010-04-03[12] |
Senegal | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Matam | ?[11] |
Sierra Leone | 40 °C (104 °F) | Njala | ?[11] |
Somalia | 47.8 °C (118 °F) | Berbera | ?[15] |
South Africa | 50.0 °C (122 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastern Cape | 1918[16] |
Sudan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 2010-06-25[12] |
Swaziland | 46.1 °C (115 °F) | Sidvokodvo | ?[11] |
Tanzania | 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) | Kisauni, Zanzibar | ?[15] |
Zambia | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastern Province | 2010-10-13[12] |
Zimbabwe | 45.6 °C (114 °F) | Beitbridge | ?[11] |
Asia Israel |
54 °C (129.2 °F) | Tirat Zvi | 1942-06-21[9][17][18] ** |
Pakistan | 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) | Mohenjo-daro, Sindh | 2010-05-26[12][19] |
Bangladesh | 45.1 °C (113.2 °F) | Rajshahi | 1972-04-30[20] |
China | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Ayding Lake, Turpan, Xinjiang | 2008-08-03[12] |
India | 50.6 °C (123 °F) | Alwar, Rajasthan | 1956-05-10[21] |
Indonesia | 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) | Jatiwangi, Cirebon, West Java | 2006-12-?[11] |
Iran | 52.6 °C (126.7 °F) | Omidiyeh, Khuzestan Province Shushtar, Khuzestan Province |
?[11] |
Iraq | 53.0 °C (127.4 °F) | Ali Air Base, Nasiriyah | 2011-08-03[22][23][11] |
Japan | 41.0 °C (105.8 °F) | Shimanto, Kōchi | 2013-08-12[24] |
Kuwait | 53.6 °C (128.5 °F) | Sulaibya | 2012-07-31[14] |
Malaysia | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 1998-04-09[25] |
Myanmar | 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Myinmu | 2010-05-12[12] |
Philippines | 42.2 °C (107.96 °F) | Tuguegarao, Cagayan Valley | 1912-04-12[26] |
Qatar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 2010-07-14[12] |
Russia | 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) | Belogorsk, Amur Oblast | 2010-07-12[27] |
Saudi Arabia | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 2010-06-22[12] |
Singapore | 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Singapore | 1998-03-26[25] |
South Korea | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Daegu | 1942-08-01[28] |
Taiwan | 40.2 °C (104 °F) | Taitung County | 2004-05-09[29] |
Thailand | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Uttaradit | 1960-04-27[30] |
Turkey | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Mardin | 1993-08-14[31] |
Oceania‡ Australia |
50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Oodnadatta, South Australia | 1960-01-02[32][33][34] |
New Zealand | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury and Jordan, Marlborough (tied) | 1973-02-07[35] |
Solomon Islands | 36.1 °C (97 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 2010-02-01[12] |
South America Argentina |
49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Villa de María, Córdoba Province | 1920-01-02[32][36] |
Bolivia | 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) | Villamontes, Tarija Department | 2010-10-29*[12] |
Brazil | 44.7 °C (112.4 °F) | Bom Jesus, Piauí | 2005-11-21[37] |
Colombia | 42.3 °C (108 °F) | Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca Department | 2010-10-29[12] |
Paraguay | 45 °C (113 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 2009-11-14[38] |
Uruguay | 44 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Department | 1943-01-20[39] |
Venezuela | 41 °C (105.8 °F) | Maracaibo, Zulia State | ?[11] |
Central America and Caribbean Islands Guatemala |
45 °C (113 °F) | Estanzuela, Zacapa | ?[40] |
Dominican Republic | 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Mao | 1954-08-31[41][42] |
Cuba | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Jucarito (Granma Province) | 1999-04-17[43] |
Puerto Rico | 37.2 °C (99 °F) | Arecibo | 1985-06-25[44] |
Europe Greece Italy |
48.0 °C or 48.5 °C (118.4 °F or 119.3 °F) | Athens, Greece or Catenanuova, Italy (Catenanuova's record is disputed) | 1977-07-10[45] or 1999-08-10;[46] |
Albania | 43.9 °C (111.0 °F) | Kuçovë | 1973-07-18[15] |
Andorra | 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) | Andorra la Vella | ? |
Austria | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg | 2013-08-08[47] |
Belarus | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Gomel | 2010-08-07[12] |
Belgium | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Uccle | 1947-06-27 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 43.2 °C (111.16 °F) | Mostar (Herzegovina, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) | 1900-07-31 |
Bulgaria | 45.2 °C (113.3 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 1916-08-05[48] |
Croatia | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Ploče | 1998-08-05[49] |
Cyprus | 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) | Lefkoniko | 2010-08-01[12] |
Czech Republic | 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) | Dobřichovice, Prague-West District | 2012-08-20[50] |
Denmark | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 1975-08-10[51] |
Estonia | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 1992-08-11[52] |
Finland | 37.2 °C (99 °F) | Liperi | 2010-07-29[53] |
France | 44.1 °C (111.4 °F) | Conqueyrac / Saint-Christol-lès-Alès | 2003-08-12[54] |
Germany | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe / March (Breisgau) / Freiburg | 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-09 / 2003-08-13 / 2013-07-27[55][56] |
Hungary | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 2007-07-20[57] |
Iceland | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 1939-06-22[58][59] |
Ireland | 33.3 °C (92 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 1887-06-26[60] |
Italy | 47 °C or 48.5 °C (116.6 or 119.3 °F) | Foggia, Apulia or Catenanuova, Sicily (Catenanuova's record is disputed) | 2007-06-25 and 1999-08-10[46] |
Latvia | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Daugavpils | 1943-08-04[61] |
Lithuania | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena County | 1994-07-30[62] |
Macedonia | 45.7 °C(114.26 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija Municipality | 2007-07-24[63] |
Malta | 43.8 °C (110.84 °F) | Malta International Airport | 1999-08-09[64] |
Moldova | 42.4 °C(108.3 °F) | Falesti | 2012-08-07[14] |
Montenegro | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Podgorica & Danilovgrad | 2007-08-16 & 2012-08-08[14] |
Netherlands | 38.6 °C (102 °F) | Warnsveld | 1944-08-23[65] |
Norway | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 1970-06-20[66] |
Poland | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Record measured on German territory at that time: Proskau, Landkreis Oppeln, Oberschlesien (now Prószków, Opole Voivodeship) | 1921-07-29[67] |
Portugal | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 2003-08-01[68] |
Romania | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 1951-08-10[69] |
Russia (European part only) | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykia | 2010-07-12[70] |
Serbia | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje District | 2007-07-24[71] |
Slovakia | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 2007-07-20[11] |
Slovenia | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Cerklje ob Krki | 2013-08-08[72] |
Spain | 47.2 °C (116.9 °F) | Murcia | 1994-07-04[73] |
Sweden | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Ultuna, Uppsala County / Målilla, Kalmar County | 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[74] |
Switzerland | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa District | 2003-08-11[75] |
Ukraine | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 2010-08-12[76] |
United Kingdom England |
38.5 °C (101.3 °F) | Faversham, Kent | 2003-08-10[77] |
Northern Ireland | 30.8 °C (87.4 °F) | Knockarevan, County Fermanagh / Belfast, County Antrim | 1976-06-30 / 1983-07-12[77] |
Scotland | 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) | Greycrook, Scottish Borders | 2003-08-09[77] |
Wales | 35.2 °C (95.4 °F) | Hawarden Bridge, Flintshire | 1990-08-02[77] |
Antarctica | 15 °C (59 °F) | Vanda Station, Scott Coast | 1974-01-05[32] |
South Pole | −12.3 °C (9.9 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | 2011-12-25[78] |
- *Temperature reached on multiple occasions; this is the most recent.
- †There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[79] The former highest official temperature on Earth, held for 90 years by ‘Aziziya, Libya, was de-certified by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) in January 2012 as the record for the world's highest surface temperature (this temperature of 57.8 °C (136 °F), registered on September 13, 1922, is currently considered to have been a recorder's error).[80] Christopher C. Burt, the weather historian writing for Weather Underground who shepherded the Libya reading's 2012 disqualification, believes that the 1913 Death Valley reading is "a myth", and is at least four or five degrees Fahrenheit too high,[4] as do other weather historians Dr. Arnold Court and William Taylor Reid.[81] Burt proposes that the highest reliably recorded temperature on Earth is still at Death Valley, but is instead 53.9 °C (129 °F) recorded five times: 20 July 1960, 18 July 1998, 20 July 2005, 7 July 2007, and 30 June 2013.[82][83]
- ‡On 16 January 1889, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[32] The reading is not recognised by Australia's Bureau of Meteorology.[33]
- **The Israeli Met Office pursued an investigation of the record in 2012 (prompted by an inquiry from the WMO and wunderground's weather historian Christopher C. Burt), and concluded that the record was valid. However, they have refused to make public the details leading to their conclusions, and until they do so, the record remains suspect.[14]
Other high-temperature records
- Fastest temperature rise: 27 °C (49 °F) in two minutes; Spearfish, South Dakota, 1943-01-22.[84]
- Most consecutive days above 100 °F (37.8 °C): 160 days; Marble Bar, Western Australia from 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924.[85]
Cold
Lowest temperatures ever recorded
Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
World Antarctica |
−89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 1983-07-21[32][84][86]* |
Dome A | −82.5 °C (−116.5 °F) | Dome A | 2005–07[87] |
South Pole | −82.8 °C (−117.0 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | [88] |
Asia Russia |
−68 °C (−90 °F) | Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic |
1892-02-07 1933-02-06[32] |
Bangladesh | 2.8 °C (37.0 °F) | Sreemangal | 1968-?-? [89] |
China | −52.3 °C (−62.1 °F) | Mohe County | 1969-02-13[90] |
India | −50 °C (−58 °F)/−33.9 °C (−29.0 °F) | Dras, Ladakh | January ??/1911-03-22[91] |
Iran | −36 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1969[92] |
Iraq | −17.6 °C (0.4 °F) | Mosul, Ninawa Governorate | 1911-01-24[93] |
Israel | −13.7 °C (7.3 °F) | Beit Netofa Valley | 1950-02-07[94] |
Japan | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 1902-01-25[24] |
Malaysia | 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) | Cameron Highlands | 1978-02-01[25] |
Nepal | −45.0 °C (−49.0 °F) | Mt. Everest, Sagarmatha | 1999-05-15[24] |
North Korea | −43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) | Chunggangjin | 1933-01-12[95] |
Pakistan | −26 °C (−15 °F) | Astore, Gilgit-Baltistan | ?[15] |
Philippines | 2 °C (36 °F) | Mount Pulag, Mountain Province | 2011-01[96] |
Thailand | −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) | Sakon Nakhon | 1974-01-02[30] |
Turkey | −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Van | 1990-01-09[31] |
North America Greenland |
−66.1 °C (−87.0 °F) | North Ice | 1954-01-09[32] |
Canada | −63 °C (−81 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 1947-02-03[32][84] |
Mexico | −32 °C (−25.6 °F) | Santa Barbara, Durango | 1999[97] |
United States Alaska |
−62 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 1971-01-23[98] |
Contiguous United States | −57 °C (−70 °F) | Medicine Lake, Montana, USA | 1954-01-20[99] |
Europe Russia (European part only) |
−58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) | Ust' Shchugor | 1978-12-31[45] |
Albania | −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) | Voskopojë | 1967-01-27 |
Austria | −52.6 °C (−62.9 °F) | Grünloch doline | 1932-02-19[100] |
Belarus | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitsebsk Voblast | 1940-01-17[101] |
Belgium | −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort | 1940-01-20[102] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | −42 °C (−44 °F) | Veliko Polje on the Igman plateau | 1963-01-24[citation needed] |
Bulgaria | −38.3 °C (−37 °F) | Tran | 1947-01-25[48] |
Croatia | −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) | Čakovec | 1929-02-03[49] |
Czech Republic | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 1929-02-11[50] |
Denmark | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 1982-01-08[51] |
Estonia | −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 1940-01-17[52] |
Finland | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Kittilä, Lapland | 1999-01-28[103] |
France | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 1985-01-17[104] |
Germany | −37.8 °C (−36.0 °F) | Hüll, Ortsteil von Wolnzach Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm / Oberbayern |
1929-12-02[105] |
Greece | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 1967-01-27[106] |
Hungary | −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 1940-02-16[57] |
Iceland | −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 1918-01-21[58] |
Ireland | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 1881-01-16[60] |
Italy | −49.6 °C (-57.2 °F) | Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino | 2013-02-10[107] |
Latvia | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 1956-02-08[61] |
Lithuania | −42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1956-02-01[62] |
Macedonia | −31.5 °C (−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 1954-01-27[108] |
Malta | 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) | Malta International Airport | 1981-01-29[64] |
Netherlands | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk | 1942-01-27[65] |
Norway | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1886-01-01[66] |
Poland | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship | 1940-01-11[67] |
Portugal | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro |
1945-01-16 and 1954-02-05[109] |
Romania | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Braşov County | 1942-01-25[69] |
Serbia | −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) | Karajukica Bunari, Zlatibor District | 1985-01-13[71] |
Slovakia | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vígľaš-Pstruša | 1929-02-11[110] |
Slovenia | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[notes 1][111] |
Spain | −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) | Lago Estangento, Lleida | 1956-02-02[73] |
Sweden | −53.0 °C (−63.4 °F) | Malgovik, Västerbotten County | 1941-12-13[74] |
Switzerland | −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 1987-01-12[75] |
Ukraine | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 1935-02-08[112] |
United Kingdom Scotland |
−27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) | Braemar, Aberdeenshire Altnaharra, Sutherland |
1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10 1995-12-30[77] |
England | −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) | Newport, Shropshire, West Midlands | 1982-01-10[77] |
Northern Ireland | −18.7 °C (−1.7 °F) | Castlederg, County Tyrone | 2010-12-24[113] |
Wales | −23.3 °C (−9.9 °F) | Rhayader, Powys | 1940-01-21[77] |
South America Argentina |
−39 °C (−38 °F) | Valle de los Patos Superior, San Juan | 1972-07-17[114][115] |
Bolivia | −25.7 °C (−14.3 °F) | Uyuni, Potosí Department | 1946-08-04[116] |
Brazil | −14 °C (7 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 1952-06[117][118] |
Chile | −37 °C (−35 °F) | Coyhaique Alto, Aisén | 2002-06-21[119] |
Paraguay | −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 2000-07-13[120] |
Peru | −25.2 °C (−13.4 °F) | Mazo Cruz, Puno Region | 1966-06-30[121] |
Uruguay | −11 °C (12 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Department | 1967-06-14[39] |
Venezuela | −12 °C (10 °F) | Piedras Blancas, Merida State | ?[11] |
Africa Morocco |
−24 °C (−11 °F) | Ifrane | 1935-02-11[32] |
Algeria | −20 °C (−4 °F) | Batna, Batna Province | 1945-01-04[122] |
Ethiopia | −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Alemaya | 2005-?-?[122] |
Lesotho | −20.4 °C (−4.7 °F) | Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae), Mokhotlong District | 1967-06-12[122] |
South Africa | −18.6 °C (−1.5 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 1996-06-28[16] |
Oceania New Zealand |
−25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago | 1903-07-18[123] |
Australia | −23 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales | 1994-06-29[124] |
Central America and Caribbean Islands Guatemala |
−11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango | ?[40] |
Dominican Republic | −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) | Valle Nuevo, Constanza | 1959-03-02[125] |
Cuba | 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) | Bainoa, Mayabeque Province | 1996-02-18[126] |
Puerto Rico | 4.4 °C (40 °F) | Adjuntas Aibonito Corozal |
1989-12-28[127] 1906-02-26[127] 1945-01-19[127] |
- *This temperature is considered the lowest ever officially recorded in Antarctica and in the World, as it was perceived by ground-positioned thermometers in 1983. However, there were satellite-made analyisis realized in August 10, 2010 that pointed a temperature of −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) near Dome F in Queen Maud Land. This record is not officially listed because it was measured by remote sensing methods that are not totally consistent, unlike the 1983 temperature. See Lowest temperature recorded on Earth for details.
Other low-temperature records
- Fastest temperature drop: 27.2 °C (49 °F) in 15 minutes; Rapid City, South Dakota, 1911-01-10.[84]
Precipitation
- Least per year (locale): 0.2 millimetres (0.0079 in) per year or less, Quillagua, Antofagasta Region, Chile.[128]
Rain
- Most in one minute: 38 mm (1.5 in); Barot, Guadeloupe, 26 November 1970.[129]
- Most in one hour: 305 mm (12.0 in) in 42 minutes. Holt, Missouri, United States, 22 June 1947.[45]
- Most in 12 hours: 1,144 mm (45.0 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[45]
- Most in 24 hours: 1,825 mm (71.9 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 7–8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[45]
- Most in 48 hours: 2,493 mm (98.1 in); Cherrapunji, India, 15-16 June 1995.[45]
- Most in 72 hours: 3,929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 February 2007.[45]
- Most in 96 hours: 4,869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 February 2007.[45]
- Most in one year: 26,470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, India, 1860–1861.[45]
- Highest average annual total: 11,872 mm (467.4 in); Mawsynram, East Khasi Hills district, India.[45]
Snow
- Most in one-year period: 31.5 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, 19 February 1971 to 18 February 1972.[84]
- Most in one season (1 July – 30 June): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 through 1999.[130]
- Largest snowflake ever observed: 38 centimeters (15 in) in diameter; Fort Keogh, Montana, United States, 28 January 1887.[84]
Wind speed
- Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) 3-second gust; Observed by a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in a tornado near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on 3 May 1999.[131]
- Fastest recorded with an anemometer: 113.2 m/s or 407 km/h (253 mph) 3-second gust; one of five extreme gusts during a series of 5-min time periods; Barrow Island (Western Australia), 10 April 1996, during Cyclone Olivia.[132]
- Fastest recorded with an anemometer outside of a tropical cyclone: 372 km/h (231 mph) sustained 1-minute average; Mount Washington, New Hampshire, 12 April 1934.[133]
- Fastest daily average: 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica, 24-hour period from 21 March 1951 to 22 March 1951.[84]
Tornadoes
Deadliest in history
- On Earth: Approximately 1300 deaths; Manikganj District, Bangladesh on 26 April 1989.[134]
- In North America: 695 deaths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, United States 18 March 1925.[84]
- In Europe: 600 or more (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valletta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (sources conflict)[135]
- In South America: 63 deaths, San Justo, Santa Fe, Argentina, 10 January 1973[136]
- In Australia: Three deaths, Kin Kin, Queensland tornado, 14 August 1971[137]
Outbreaks
- Largest and most severe: The April 25–28, 2011 tornado outbreak: 209 confirmed tornadoes occurred in a span of 24 hours. They affected six US states, and included 11 EF4s and 4 EF5s.[138]
Tropical cyclones
Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)
- Most intense ever recorded: 870 mbar (25.63 inHg); eye of Super Typhoon Tip over the Pacific Ocean, 12 October 1979.[84]
- Most intense in the Western Hemisphere: 882 mb (26.05 inHg); eye of Hurricane Wilma, 19 October 2005.[139]
- Most intense ever recorded on land: 892 mb (26.35 inHg); Craig's Key, Florida, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, 2 September 1935. While other landfalling tropical cyclones potentially had lower pressures, data is vague from areas other than the Atlantic basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.[140]
Other severe weather
Hail
- Heaviest officially recorded: 1.02 kg (2.25 lb); Gopalganj District, Bangladesh, 14 April 1986.[141]
- Largest diameter officially measured: 20 cm (8.0 in) diameter, 47.3 cm (18.625 in) circumference; Vivian, South Dakota, 23 July 2010.[142]
- Largest circumference officially measured: 47.6 cm (18.75 in) circumference, 18 cm (7.0 in) diameter; Aurora, Nebraska, 22 June 2003.[141][143]
Lightning
- Longest lightning bolt: 190 km (120 mi) 13 October 2001.[144]
- Most strikes per year: More than 70 per km² in parts of Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[145]
Other categories
- Highest air pressure ever recorded (above 750 meters): 1084.4 hPa (32.03 inHg); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, 19 December 2001.[146] This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level. The highest adjusted-to-sea-level barometric pressure ever recorded (below 750 meters) was at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Russia (66°53’N, 93°28’E, elevation: 261 m (856.3 ft)) on 31 December 1968 of 1,083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg).[147] The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations.[146][147]
See also
- Extremes on Earth
- List of extreme temperatures in Canada
- UK rainfall records
- U.S. state temperature extremes
- Weather extremes in Canada
- 2013 extreme weather events
Notes
References
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ignored (|url-status=
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[Caçador has the lowest recorded temperature, officially, in Brazil, of −14 °C in 1952. Another record, unofficial, of −17.8 °C in 1996-06-29, at the summit of Morro da Igreja, Urubici, also in Santa Catarina, would give the record to this locality.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|trans-title=
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(...) la República Dominicana ha visto en su historia temperaturas récords como (...) los helados 3.5 °C bajo cero en Valle Nuevo, Constanza, el 2 de marzo de 1959.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "III Congreso Cubano de Meteorología" (PDF) (in Spanish). ACQ & Asociados. p. 36. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6°C.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
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suggested) (help); line feed character in|quote=
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{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "NASA – NASA Satellite Identifies the World's Most Intense Thunderstorms". Nasa.gov. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ^ a b "World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Above 750 meters". Arizona State University. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ^ a b "World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Below 750 meters". Arizona State University. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
External links
- National Climate Extremes Committee
- Global Weather & Climate Extremes (Arizona State University)