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SAIC Motor

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This article is about The China-based automotive company.. For similarly-named companies, see SAIC.
SAIC Motor Corporation Limited
Company typePublic
SSE: 600104
IndustryAutomotive
Founded2011 (SAIC Motor Corporation Limited)
1995 (Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp. (Group))
1955 (Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Components Company)
Headquarters
Shanghai
,
China
Key people
Hu Maoyuan Chairman)[1]
Shen Jianhua (President)[2]
ProductsAutomobiles, commercial vehicles
Production output
3,641,600 units (2011)[3]
RevenueUS$33.63 billion (2010)[4]
20,431,037,480 renminbi (2020) Edit this on Wikidata
Total assets919,414,755,790 renminbi (2020) Edit this on Wikidata
Number of employees
104,588 (2010 average)[5]
ParentAssets Supervision and Administration Commission[6]
DivisionsMaxus
Roewe
Subsidiaries
List
WebsiteSAIC Motor

SAIC Motor Corporation Limited (informally SAIC, formerly Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation) is a Chinese state-owned automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Shanghai, China with multinational operations. One of the "Big Four" Chinese automakers (along with Chang'an Motors, FAW Group, and Dongfeng Motor),[7] the company had the largest production volume of any Chinese automaker in 2012 producing more than 4.5 million units, 76% of which were passenger vehicles.[8] Its manufacturing mix likely includes a much smaller percentage of consumer offerings, as many (1,000,000+) SAIC passenger vehicles are pint-sized commercial vans.

SAIC traces its origins to the early years of the Chinese automobile industry in the 1940s, and SAIC was one of the few carmakers in Mao's China, making the Shanghai SH760.[9] Currently, it participates in the oldest surviving Sino-foreign car making joint venture, with Volkswagen, and in addition has had a joint venture with General Motors since 1998. SAIC products sell under a variety of brand names, including those of its joint venture partners. Two notable brands owned by SAIC itself are MG, a historic British car marque, and Roewe, one of the few domestic Chinese luxury car brands.

History

A 1986 Shanghai SH760, Shanghai's automotive mainstay for over 25 years

Origins to 2000

Although it has a long history, originating from an automobile assembly factory established in Shanghai sometime around World War II, SAIC, unlike domestic rivals FAW Group and Dongfeng Motors, has only recently attained a position of prominence in the Chinese vehicle industry.[10] A small company in the 1970s,[11] SAIC owes its rise to more than an increase in domestic demand for passenger vehicles.[citation needed] A cooperative agreement made with Volkswagen in 1984[12] followed by the formal establishment of Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive Co Ltd in March 1985[13] allowed it to produce competitive cars with foreign technology. Early success at SAIC may also be a result of guidance provided by local Shanghai authorities; at one time SAIC was simply an extension of the Shanghai Municipal government.[14] For these two reasons and more, SAIC grew swiftly. In the 11 years leading to 1996, annual production capacity increased ten-fold to 300,000 units/year, and the company established itself as one of the leading Chinese automakers.[15]

During this period, SAIC effectively built an entire modern automotive component supply chain in Shanghai from scratch,[16] and the number and quality of locally produced auto parts rose significantly.[17] Cars that were previously assembled in China from knock-down kits provisioned by Volkswagen[18] became products built from parts produced in Shanghai,[19] and between 1990 and 1996 the city more than doubled its contribution to the national output of automotive components.[17] In 1987, the only local parts used in one car, the Volkswagen Santana, were tires, radio, and antenna,[20] but by 1998 over 90% of the components used in its manufacture were locally sourced.[19] A goal set by the Shanghai Municipal government,[14] creation of a local parts industry is an example of the influence that the local government has had on the development of SAIC.

In June 1997, SAIC formed a second major joint venture, Shanghai General Motors Co Ltd, with General Motors.[13][21] The new joint venture began operations in 1998, and helped to drive a doubling in SAIC's vehicle production between 2000 and 2004.[22] Initially partnering with foreign automakers, creating joint ventures with component suppliers, such as the American Visteon,[23] may now help underpin SAIC success.[citation needed]

2000 to 2010

The MG/Roewe 550, which was launched in 2008

At the start of the 2000s, SAIC made several acquisitions in Korea. In 2002 it participated in GM's purchase of Korean automaker Daewoo, acquiring a 10% stake in the newly formed GM Daewoo company for US$59.7 million,[24] and in 2004 it also assumed control of an ailing South Korean automaker, SsangYong Motor, paying US$500 million for 48.9% ownership of the company.[25] Around this time SAIC created a new holding company for its subsidiaries employed in passenger car production, Shanghai Automotive Group.[26]

In the middle of the decade, SAIC attempted to acquire the British automaker MG Rover, but in 2005 was outbid by another Chinese automaker, Nanjing Automobile.[27] SAIC did manage to obtain some MG Rover technology that was incorporated into a new line of luxury sedans under the Roewe marque,[28] and it subsequently purchased the winning bidder.[29]

While the company saw sales success in the late 2000s, with 2.72 million vehicles sold in 2009,[30] its 2004 purchase of an ownership in a Korean SUV-maker, Ssangyong, soured. In January 2009, after an additional US$45 million was provided to it by SAIC, SsangYong Motor Company was placed into receivership in Korea.[31] Courts might have mandated SAIC reduce its ownership, and by 2010 a 51.33% share of the Korean company had become a 10% one.[32] The 2009 Ssongyang failure also saw riot police quell protesting Ssangyong workers who staged a 77-day long sit in.[33] SAIC may have benefitted from exposure to some technology from Mercedes that Ssangyong controlled during this time.[34]

  • For Mercedes technology in Ssongyang hands, see DaimlerBenz Annual Report 1991 (PDF), Daimer AG, 1991, p. 30

2010 to present

A Maxus V80 on display in Kuala Lumpur

In 2010, SAIC produced 3.58 million units, the largest output of any China-based automaker that year.[35]

In February 2011, SAIC unveiled a new commercial vehicles marque, Maxus.[36]

On 13 April 2011, mass production resumed at the MG Motor UK Longbridge plant as the first MG 6 to be produced in the United Kingdom came off the production line.[37] This plant is likely little more than a CKD factory on a par with similar setups in Africa and other developing nations.[citation needed]

In 2011, SAIC produced 3.97 million vehicles, the largest output of any China-based automaker that year.[3]

In June 2012, SAIC's United States-based subsidiary Shanghai Automotive Industries Corp USA, Inc. opened a new North American Operations Center in Birmingham, Michigan.[38][39][40] The opening ceremony was attended by the Governor of Michigan Rick Snyder, Oakland County Executive L. Brooks Patterson, and senior executives from General Motors and SAIC Motor.[40] The 30,000-square-foot, three-story facility will house nearly 100 staff and focus on sourcing components.[38][40]

Mergers and company name-changes

The present-day SAIC is the product of numerous mergers and corporate re-structurings. Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Components Company was founded in December 1955.[13] In March 1958, Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Components Company and Shanghai Powertrain Equipment Manufacturing Company were merged into Shanghai Powertrain Machinery Manufacturing Company.[13] In January 1960, Shanghai Powertrain Machinery Manufacturing Company was renamed Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Company.[13] In April 1969, Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Company was renamed Shanghai Tractor Industry Company. Shanghai Automobile & Tractor Company was established in July 1984.[13] In March 1990, Shanghai Automobile & Tractor Company was renamed Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation.[13] Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp (Group) was founded in September 1995.[13]

Operations

The MG 6, currently produced in China and the United Kingdom

Marques

SAIC sells vehicles under a variety of brands. Brand names that are exclusive to SAIC include Maxus,[41] MG,[42] Roewe,[42] and Yuejin.[43] Products produced by SAIC joint venture companies are sold under marques including Baojun,[44] Buick,[45] Chevrolet,[45] Iveco,[43] Škoda,[46] Volkswagen,[46] and Wuling.[47]

Joint ventures

SAIC participates in cooperative efforts with foreign automakers that see the products of large international companies such as General Motors and Volkswagen made and sold in China. Sino-foreign joint ventures that SAIC is involved with include Nanjing Iveco Auto Co Ltd ("New Naveco") with Iveco,[48] Saic-Iveco Commercial Vehicle Co Ltd,[49] SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile, Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive, Shanghai General Motors Corporation, and Sunwin Bus with Volvo.[50]

Production facilities

SAIC has numerous production facilities in China, including sites in Chongqing, Liuzhou, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Yantai.[51] It also has an assembly plant in the United Kingdom, the Longbridge plant.[52]

Research and development

SAIC operates a large research and development centre in the United Kingdom, the SAIC Motor UK Technical Centre, which as of 2012 employs around 275 engineers and 25 designers.[53] The UK Technical Centre is the principal site worldwide for the development of MG cars,[54] and it also plays a major role in the development of Roewe products.[55]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Board of Directors". Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (Group). Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  2. ^ "Top Management". Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (Group). Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  3. ^ a b 2011年前十家乘用车生产企业销量排名. China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). 2012-01-20.
  4. ^ "2010 Annual Report - Year in review". Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (Group). Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  5. ^ "2010 Annual Report - Highlight figures". Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (Group). Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  6. ^ Zhao, Hejun (2010-10-22). "Shanghai's Slow Boat to State Asset Reform". Caixin. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  7. ^ New policy to encourage China's carmaker consolidation xinhuanet.com, 2010-02-22 10:27:20
  8. ^ "2012年12月分车型前十家生产企业销量排名". China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). 14 January 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  9. ^ The home team: Indigenous carmakers are working their way up economist.com, Nov 13th 2008
  10. ^ Richter, Frank-Jürgen (2000). The dragon millennium: Chinese business in the coming world economy. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 65–69. ISBN 1567203531, 9781567203530. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  11. ^ Richter, Frank-Jürgen (2000). The dragon millennium: Chinese business in the coming world economy. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 66. ISBN 1567203531, 9781567203530. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  12. ^ Richter, pp. 67.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h "Roewe: A homegrown brand with brilliant origin". China Economic Net. 12 January 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  14. ^ a b Thun, Eric (2006). Changing lanes in China: foreign direct investment, local government, and auto sector development. Cambridge University Press. p. 103. ISBN 0521843820, 9780521843829. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  15. ^ Richter, Frank-Jürgen (2000). The dragon millennium: Chinese business in the coming world economy. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 68. ISBN 1567203531, 9781567203530. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  16. ^ Yasheng, Huang (2003). Selling China: foreign direct investment during the reform era. Cambridge University Press. p. 264. ISBN 0521814286, 9780521814287. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  17. ^ a b Yasheng, Huang (2003). Selling China: foreign direct investment during the reform era. Cambridge University Press. pp. 264–265. ISBN 0521814286, 9780521814287. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  18. ^ Thun, Eric (2006). Changing lanes in China: foreign direct investment, local government, and auto sector development. Cambridge University Press. p. 102. ISBN 0521843820, 9780521843829. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  19. ^ a b Chiu, Becky; Lewis, Mervyn (2006). Reforming China's state-owned enterprises and banks. New horizons in money and finance. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 310. ISBN 1843767589, 9781843767589. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  20. ^ Thun, Eric (2006). Changing lanes in China: foreign direct investment, local government, and auto sector development. Cambridge University Press. p. 104. ISBN 0521843820, 9780521843829. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  21. ^ "G.M. Expects Asia Deals to Raise $400 Million". The New York Times. 4 December 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  22. ^ Chiu, Becky; Lewis, Mervyn (2006). Reforming China's state-owned enterprises and banks. New horizons in money and finance. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 309. ISBN 1843767589, 9781843767589. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  23. ^ "Visteon's Global Electronics Platforms Launched on Shanghai GM's Chevrolet New Sail". Visteon Corp. 25 Feb 2010. Retrieved 01/04/2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  24. ^ "Auto Venture in Korea". The New York Times. 14 October 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  25. ^ "SAIC Takes on Ssangyong Motors". China Daily. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  26. ^ "Chinese auto firm looks overseas". BBC News. 29 November 2004. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  27. ^ "Rover sold to Nanjing Automobile". BBC. Saturday, 23 July 2005, 09:36 GMT 10:36 UK. Retrieved 01/04/2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  28. ^ "China debut for Rover-based car". BBC. 20 November 2006. Retrieved 01/04/2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  29. ^ REFILE-UPDATE 2-SAIC to make MG 6 in UK, upbeat on own-brand car reuters.com, Wed Nov 25, 2009 5:04am EST
  30. ^ "SAIC: Company Profile". ChinaAutoWeb.com.
  31. ^ Kitchen, Michael (Jan. 9, 2009, 8:56 a.m. EST). "Korean auto maker Ssangyong enters receivership". MarketWatch. Retrieved 01/04/2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  32. ^ For court-ordered destruction of SAIC ownership and 51.33% stake, see Seo, Eun-kyung (Thu Dec 17, 2009 1:39am EST). "UPDATE 1-Court backs Ssangyong plan, shares briefly halted". Reuters. Retrieved 01/05/2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  33. ^ "S Korea factory occupation ends". BBC. 11:55 GMT, Thursday, 6 August 2009. Retrieved 01/05/2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  34. ^ For possible benefit from exposure to technology, see 김, 동환 (2009-01-20). "'먹튀 논란' 상하이車 반박 "쌍용車 주장 근거없어"" (in Korean). 아시아경제. Retrieved 01/05/2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  35. ^ China Car Market 101: Who Makes All Those 18 Million Cars? thetruthaboutcars.com, January 19, 2011
  36. ^ "SAIC unveils first international brand". Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
  37. ^ "New MG Sports Rolls Out Of Longbridge Plant". Sky News. 13 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  38. ^ a b "China's Shanghai Automotive Industries opens office in Birmingham". Crain's Detroit Business. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  39. ^ VLASIC, BILL (May 14, 2013). "Chinese Creating New Auto Niche Within Detroit". pp. A1. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  40. ^ a b c "SAIC USA Opens New North American Operations Center in Michigan". Aftermarket News. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  41. ^ "SAIC unveils first international brand". SAIC. 2011-03-29. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  42. ^ a b "SAIC invests $1.5 billion to boost own-brand car capacity: paper". Reuters. Dec 27, 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ a b "About Naveco: About Us". Naveco. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  44. ^ "SGMW to launch Baojun brand". SAIC. 2010-07-19. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  45. ^ a b GM Communications (2005-04-19). "GM Family Showcases Record Lineup of Brands and Products at Auto Shanghai 2005". General Motors. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  46. ^ a b "SVW Introduction: Overview". SAIC. Archive.org. Retrieved 13 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  47. ^ Muller, Joann (2010-04-22). "Can China Save GM?". Forbes. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  48. ^ "Navco". Iveco. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  49. ^ "A LONG STANDING, STRONG, RELIABLE SINO-ITALIAN TEAM". Iveco. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  50. ^ "1,500 buses from Volvo to World Expo". Volvo Group. 28 April 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  51. ^ "Introduction of SAIC". SAIC. Retrieved 13 July 20100. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  52. ^ Pomfret, James (Jun 26, 2011). "China's premier promotes Sino-UK trade synergies". Reuters. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  53. ^ "About SMTC UK". SAIC Motor UK Technical Centre Limited. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  54. ^ "MG". SAIC Motor UK Technical Centre Limited. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  55. ^ "Roewe". SAIC Motor UK Technical Centre Limited. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
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