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Education in West Bengal

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Education in West Bengal is provided by both the public sector as well as the private sector. The modern education system was developed by the British missionaries and the Indian social reformists. West Bengal has many institutes of higher education like – University of Calcutta, Presidency University, University of Burdwan, Visva-Bharati University, Aliah University, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kalyani, Indian Statistical Institute, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, University of Gour Banga, University of North Bengal and Jadavpur University.

History

London Mission Bengali Girls' School, Calcutta (LMS, 1869, p.12)[1]

Kolkata has played a pioneering role in the development of the modern education system in India. Western models of education came to India through Kolkata. Many of the first schools and colleges were established by the missionaries and reformists. Sir William Jones (philologist) established the Asiatic Society in 1784 for promoting oriental studies. People like Ram Mohan Roy, David Hare, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Shashi Bhusan Chatterjee, and William Carey played a leading role in the setting up of modern schools and colleges in the city. The Fort William College was established in 1800. The Hindu College was established in 1817. In 1855 the Hindu College, Calcutta was renamed as the Presidency College.

William Carey established the Serampore College in Serampore City (30 km from Calcutta), 1818. It went on to become India's first modern university in 1827 when it was incorporated by a Royal Charter as a Danish University. Although it had the charter, it was not technically a university in the modern sense of that term. The Sanskrit College was established in 1824. Reverend Alexander Duff of the Church of Scotland established the General Assembly's Institution in 1830 and later the Free Church Institution in 1844, which were later merged to form what is now known as the Scottish Church College, Calcutta. These institutions played a significant role in what came to be known as the Young Bengal Movement and the Bengal Renaissance. La Martiniere Calcutta was established in 1836. John Bethune established a school for Indian girls in 1850 at a time when women's education was frowned upon in the society. The Bethune College for girls was set up by him in 1879.

The oldest medical school in Asia, the Calcutta Medical College was set up in 1835. In 1857, the University of Calcutta was established as the first full-fledged multi-disciplinary university in south Asia. It was modelled on the lines of the University of London. Today it is amongst the largest multidisciplinary universities of India and offers some of the widest number of academic disciplines for study. In 1856 technical and engineering education came with the establishment of a civil engineering college / department. This setup went through various reorganisations to finally become the Bengal Engineering College in 1921. The Jesuit administered St Xavier's College was established in 1860. In 1906, the partition of Bengal led to widespread nationalistic and anti British feelings. This led to the setting up of the National Council of Education, Bengal. This later on became the Jadavpur University in 1955. The nation's first homeopathy college was established in the city in 1880. In 1883 Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu became the first women graduates from the University of Calcutta. In the process, they became the first female graduates of the British Empire. Kadambini went on to become the first female physician trained in the Western system of medicine in South Asia. The Science College was established in 1917. The first blind school came into being in 1925.

After independence, Calcutta continued to be in the forefront of the educational scene. The Government College of Art & Craft was established in 1951. The Rabindra Bharati University was established in 1962. This university offers courses in the fine and performing arts. The Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management was set up in 1953 as the country's first management institute and is also the first in the country to offer an MBA degree of a university. The first, Indian Institute of Technology was set up at Kharagpur about 120 km from Calcutta. In 1960 the Regional Engineering college (presently National Institute of Technology) at Durgapur was set up. It is amongst the top NITs in India and also among the oldest. Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, the first among the Indian Institutes of Management, was set up in 1961 at Joka. It was the first national institute for post-graduate studies and research in management sciences. It was established with the help of the MIT Sloan School of Management and the Ford Foundation.

Structure

Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School

West Bengal schools are run by the School Education Department, West Bengal government or by private organisations, including religious institutions. Instruction is mainly in English or Bengali, though Urdu is also used, especially in Central Kolkata. The secondary schools are affiliated with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), the National Institute of Open School (NIOS) or the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Under the 10+2+3 plan, after completing secondary school, students typically enroll for 2 years in a junior college, also known as pre-university, or in schools with a higher secondary facility affiliated with the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education or any central board. Students choose from one of three streams, namely liberal arts, commerce or science. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enrol in general or professional degree programs. South Point School, St. Xaviers Collegiate School, Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School etc. are some of the best schools of West Bengal.

Major universities

Ashutosh Building of the University of Calcutta at the College Street campus
The historic Presidency University at the College Street campus
refer to caption.
Jorasanko Thakur Bari where Rabindra Bharati University, a state university established in 1962, is located
refer to caption.
West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences is a legal education state university established in 2004.

In West Bengal there is one central university, twenty seven state universities, eleven private universities and two deemed university. Besides, there are three Regional Centres of IGNOU at Siliguri, Kolkata and Raghunathganj and one Sub - Regional Centre of IGNOU at Darjeeling.

State universities

University Location Type Established Specialization Sources
Aliah University Kolkata State 1781 Arts, Sciences, Engineering, Management, Islamic Studies [2]
Alipurduar University Alipurduar State 2020 Arts,Science [3]
Bankura University Bankura State 2014 Arts, Sciences, Engineering, Law [4]
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Nadia State 1974 Agriculture, Horticulture and Agricultural Engineering [5]
Biswa Bangla Biswabidyalay Bolpur State 2020 Science, Arts and Commerce [6]
University of Burdwan Bardhaman State 1960 Arts, Sciences, Commerce, Engineering and Law [7]
University of Calcutta Kolkata State 1857 Arts, Sciences, Commerce, Engineering and Law [8]
Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University Cooch Behar State 2012 Arts, Sciences [9]
Dakshin Dinajpur University Balurghat State 2021 Humanities and Basic Sciences [10]
Darjeeling Hills University Darjeeling State 2021 Humanities and Basic Sciences [11]
Diamond Harbour Women's University Diamond Harbour State 2013 Humanities and Basic Sciences [12]
University of Gour Banga Malda State 2008 Arts, Sciences, and Commerce [13]
Harichand Guruchand University Gaighata State 2021 Arts, Sciences, and Commerce [14]
Hindi University Howrah State 2021 Languages [15]
University of Kalyani Kalyani State 1960 Arts, Sciences, Commerce and Law [16]
Jadavpur University Kolkata
1955 Engineering, Technology, Science, Arts and Commerce [17]
Kanyashree University Krishnanagar State 2020 Arts, Sciences and Commerce [18]
Kazi Nazrul University Asansol State 2012 Arts, Sciences, Commerce, law and Engineering. [19]
Mahatma Gandhi University, West Bengal Mahishadal State 2020 Arts, Sciences and Commerce. [20]
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology Kolkata State 2000 Engineering and Management [21]
Murshidabad University Berhampore State 2021 Arts, Sciences and Commerce [22]
Netaji Subhas Open University Kolkata State and distance education 1998 Arts, Sciences, and Commerce [23]
University of North Bengal Siliguri State 1962 Arts, Sciences, Commerce, and Law [24]
Presidency University Kolkata State 1817 Arts and Sciences [25]
Rabindra Bharati University Kolkata State 1962 Arts, Fine Arts, and Performing Arts [26]
Raiganj University Raiganj State 2015 Humanities, Science [27]
Rani Rashmoni Green University Tarakeswar State 2020 Science [28]
Sadhu Ram Chand Murmu University Jhargram State 2021 Science, Arts and Commerce [29]
Senate of Serampore College (University) Serampore State 1818 Theology [30]
Sidho Kanho Birsha University Purulia State 2010 Arts and Sciences [31]
The Sanskrit College and University Kolkata State 2015 Sanskrit, Languages [32]
Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Cooch Behar State 2001 Agriculture, Horticulture [33]
Vidyasagar University Midnapur State 1981 Arts, Sciences, Commerce and Law [34]
West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences Kolkata State 1999 Law [35]
West Bengal State University Barasat State 2008 Arts, Sciences, Commerce and Law [36]
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata State 1995 Veterinary & Animal Sciences [37]
West Bengal University of Health Sciences Kolkata State 2003 Medicine [38]
West Bengal University of Teachers' Training, Education Planning and Administration Kolkata State 2015 Teachers Training, B.Ed. M.Ed [39]

Central University

University Location Type Established Specialization Sources
Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan (Bolpur) Central University 1921 Arts and Sciences [40]

Centrally Funded Technical Institutes & Other institution Campuses

Institute of National Importance

University Location Type Established Specialization Sources
Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Joka Autonomous 1961 Social Sciences and Management [42]
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata Haringhata Autonomous 2006 Basic Sciences, Applied Sciences [43]
Indian Statistical Institute Baranagar Autonomous 1959 Basic Sciences, Applied Sciences, Social Sciences [44]
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur Autonomous 1951 Science, Management, Engineering & Technology, Law [45]
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah Autonomous 1856 Sciences, Management, Engineering & Technology [46]
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kalyani Kalyani Autonomous 2014 Engineering & Technology, Sciences [47]
National Institute of Technology, Durgapur Durgapur Autonomous 1960 Engineering & Technology, Sciences, Management [48]
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata Kolkata Autonomous 2007 Pharmacy [49]
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani Kalyani Autonomous 2019 Medical

Deemed universities

University Location Type Established Specialization Sources
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata Deemed 1876 Basic sciences, applied sciences [50]
Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute Belur Math Deemed 2005 Agricultural Management, Rural Development, Basic Sciences, Indian Culture and Spirituality

Private universities

University Location Type Established Specialization Sources
Adamas University Barasat Private 2014 Sciences, Management, Humanities, Engineering & Technology [51]
Amity University, Kolkata New Town Global Private 2015 Sciences, Management, Humanities, Engineering & Technology [52]
Brainware University Kolkata Private 2015 Sciences, Management, Engineering & Technology [53]
International Management Institute Kolkata Kolkata Autonomous Management Institute 2011 Management [54]
JIS University Agarpara Private 2014 Science, Engineering & Technology, Pharmacy, Management, Law [55]
Neotia University Sarisha Private 2015 Sciences, Management, Humanities, Engineering & Technology [56]
Seacom Skills University Santiniketan (Bolpur) Private 2014 Sciences, Engineering & Technology [57]
Sister Nivedita University New Town Private 2017 Science, Engineering & Technology, Management, Social Science & Women Studies [58]
St. Xavier's University, Kolkata Kolkata Private 2017 Management, Commerce, Humanities, Mass Communication [59]
Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore Barrackpore Private 2020 Science, Management, Agriculture, Engineering & Technology [60]
Techno India University Kolkata Private 2012 Sciences, Management, Engineering & Technology [61]
University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Kolkata New Town Private 2015 Engineering, Technology & Management [62]

Research Institutes

Research Institutes of West Bengal
Institute Location Established Specialization Sources
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata 1950 Science [63]
S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkata 1986 Science [64]
Bose Institute Kolkata 1917 Science [65]
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Kolkata 1977 Science [66]
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata 1950 Science and Technology [67]
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata 1935 Science [68]
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Durgapur 1958 Science and Technology [69]
Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Kolkata 1959 Science [70]
National Institute of Biomedical Genomics Kalyani 2010 Science [71]
Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers Kolkata 1953 Science and Technology [72]
Indian Centre for Space Physics Kolkata 1999 Science [73]
National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology Kolkata 1938 Science and Technology [74]

Medical Colleges

Name Established City University Type Degrees Awarded Comments Ref.
Bankura Sammilani Medical College 1956 Bankura WBUHS State Funded [75]
Burdwan Medical College 1969 Purba Bardhaman WBUHS State Funded [76]
Calcutta National Medical College 1948 Kolkata WBUHS State Funded
College Of Medicine & JNM Hospital 2009 Kalyani University Campus State Funded
College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital 2010 Kolkata WBUHS State Funded
Coochbehar Government Medical College and Hospital 2019 Coochbehar WBUHS State Funded
Deben Mahata Government Medical College and Hospital 2020 Purulia WBUHS State Funded
ESIC Medical College, Kolkata 2013 Joka WBUHS Central Funded
Gouri Devi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital 2016 Durgapur WBUHS Private [77]
ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 2011 Haldia WBUHS Private
IPGMER and SSKM Hospital 1707 Kolkata WBUHS State Funded
IQ City Medical College 2016 Durgapur WBUHS Private
Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital 2016 Kolkata WBUHS Private [78]
KPC Medical College and Hospital 2006 Kolkata WBUHS State Funded
Malda Medical College and Hospital 2011 Malda WBUHS State Funded
Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 1835 Kolkata WBUHS State Funded
Midnapore Medical College and Hospital 2004 Midnapore WBUHS State Funded
Murshidabad Medical College 2012 Berhampore WBUHS State Funded
Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital 1873 Kolkata WBUHS State Funded
North Bengal Medical College 1968 Siliguri WBUHS State Funded
Diamond Harbour Government Medical College and Hospital 2019 Diamond Harbour WBUHS State Funded
Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital 2019 Raiganj WBUHS State Funded
Rampurhat Government Medical College and Hospital 2019 Birbhum WBUHS State Funded
Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Sanaka Hospital 2015 Durgapur WBUHS Private [79]
R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital 1886 Kolkata WBUHS State Funded

See also

References

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68. List of All Government ITI Colleges in West Bengal. 18 Oct 2020

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