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Coordinates: 00°19′00″N 32°34′46″E / 0.31667°N 32.57944°E / 0.31667; 32.57944
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Umeme
Company typePublic Utility: USE: UMEME
IndustryEnergy industry
Founded2004; 20 years ago (2004)
HeadquartersRwenzori House, 1 Lumumba Avenue, Kampala, Uganda
Key people
Patrick Bitature
Chairman
Selestino Babungi
Chief Executive Officer[1]
ServicesElectricity
RevenueIncreaseAftertax: UGX:139.152 billion (US$37.5 million) (2019)[2]
Total assetsUGX:2.542 trillion (US$692.54 million) (2019)[2]
Number of employees
1,514 (2018)[3]
WebsiteHomepage

Umeme Limited is the largest energy distributor in Uganda, distributing 97 percent of all electricity used in the country.[4] The shares of the stock of the company are listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE) and are cross listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE).[5] As of December 2019, the company's total assets were approximately UGX:2.542 trillion (US$692.54 million), with shareholders' equity of approximately UGX:833.52 billion (US$227.1 million).[2]

Location

The registered offices of the company are located at Rwenzori House, 1 Lumumba Avenue, in the central business district of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda.[1] The geographical coordinates of the company headquarters are 00°19'00.0"N, 32°34'46.0"E (Latitude:0.316667; Longitude:32.579444).[6]

Formation

Umeme was formed in 2004[7] when the government of Uganda leased the Uganda Electricity Distribution Company Limited to a consortium belonging to Globeleq (56 percent), a subsidiary of the Commonwealth Development Corporation of the United Kingdom, and Eskom of South Africa (44 percent).[8] The transfer of assets did not take place until 1 March 2005.[9]

During 2006, the consortium formed by Globeleq and Eskom was restructured, with Globeleq becoming the sole owner of Umeme.[10]

On 15 October 2012, Umeme became a listed company on the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE). A total of 622,378,000 shares, representing approximately 38 percent of its issued share capital at the time, became listed on the Ugandan bourse in an initial public offering (IPO).[11] The shares of the company started trading on the USE on 30 November 2012.[12] Umeme shares were first cross-listed on the NSE on 14 December 2012, with active trading commencing on 31 July 2013.[5] The company expected to use the proceeds from the IPO, estimated at UGX:171 billion, to expand its power distribution network and payoff debt.[13][14]

Ownership

As of December 2017, the ten largest shareholders in the stock of the company were as illustrated in the table below:[15] As of December 2017, the company shares were held by institutional investors (72 percent) and retail investors (28 percent).[16]

Umeme Stock Ownership
Rank Name of Owner Percentage Ownership
1 National Social Security Fund
23.20
[15][17][18][19]
2 Allan Gray
9.60
3 Kimberlite Frontier Africa Master Fund
8.30
4 Investec Asset Management Africa
4.40
5 Utilico Emerging Markets Limited
4.30
6 The Africa Emerging Markets Limited
3.90
7 International Finance Corporation
2.80
8 Coronation Global Opportunities Fund
2.60
9 Imara S P Reid Private Limited
2.50
10 Duet Fund
2.50
11 Others through USE and NSE
36.00
Total
100.00

Governance

Umeme is governed by a ten-person board of directors, who included the following people, as of 31 December 2019.[2][20][21]

Board of Directors of Umeme Limited
Rank Director Position Nationality Notes
1 Patrick Bitature Chairman Ugandan
2 Selestino Babungi Managing Director Ugandan
3 Gerald Ssendaula Non-Executive Director Ugandan
4 Pieter Adriaan Falling Non-Executive Director South African
5 Florence Namatta Mawejje Non-Executive Director Ugandan
6 Florence Namatta Mawejje Non-Executive Director Ugandan
7 Andrew Buglass Non-Executive Director   British
8 Anthony Marsh Non-Executive Director   British
9 Stephen Emasu Non-Executive Director Ugandan [22]
10 Riccardo Ridolfi Non-Executive Director Italian [22]
11 Florence Nakimbugwe Nsubuga Executive Director Ugandan
Total
11

Management structure

Umeme is structured into twelve management departments, each headed by a senior manager. The senior managers form the Executive Committee, whose members were the following as of 1 June 2018:[23]

Umeme Senior Management Structure
Department Name of Manager Title of Officer
Office of the Managing Director Selestino Babungi Managing Director
Operations Management Florence Nsubuga Chief Operations Officer[24]
Technical Office Simbiso Chimbima Chief Technical Officer
Corporate Development Blessing Nshaho Chief Corporate and Regulatory Officer
General Manager Almero Grey Acting General Manager Capital and Contracts Division
Finance Ross Masterman Chief Financial Officer
Information Systems Roger Bentley Chief Information Officer
Internal Audit Ruth Doreen Mutebe Head of Internal Audit
Customer Service Agnes Nalwanga Head of Customer Service
Supply Chain Patrice Namisano

Head of Supply Chain

Comminution and Public Relations Peter Kaujju

Head of Communications & Public Relations.[25]

Under the Executive Committee, Umeme has 25 other managers who assist the executives to implement company policy and run the company on a daily basis. In March 2015, Selestino Babungi was appointed managing director, replacing Charles Chapman who served in that role from February 2009 until March 2015.[26]

Unreliability of service

A graph showing frequent power outages in the Kibuli area of Kampala during the month of April 2016.

Within Uganda, Umeme is known for chronic unreliability and has been accused of corruption.[27] Customers frequently face extended service outages,[28][29] which are occasionally followed by protests, riots, and assaults on Umeme employees.

Protests and rioting

In 2010, protests erupted after a two-week power blackout in the town of Bugembe. Attempts to disperse the protesters led to violent clashes between police and irate residents. Nine were arrested, with eight being charged with inciting violence, staging an unlawful and violent assembly, and insulting the police.[30]

In 2011, a two-month power outage led to protests in Jinja. Residents and business owners built barricades, set tires ablaze, and blocked traffic. Police responded with tear gas and live ammunition.[31] Days later, over 100 people were dispersed by riot police using tear gas and rubber bullets after marching on Umeme's offices in protest of recurring outages in Masaka town.[32]

In 2012, after a month-long outage along the Kampala–Gayaza Road, stone-throwing protesters caused property damage and injuries.[33]

In 2014, a Umeme manager in Mubende was beaten severely by an infuriated mob during power-related protests at the Kasambya trading centre. The ensuing battle between rioters and security forces resulted in 15 arrests and one other injury, including a trader who was shot twice.[34] Later that year, Kampala print and publishing shop owners went on strike, blocked Nasser road, and burnt paper and plastic to protest six-day power cuts along the road. Security forces used tear gas to disperse the protesters.[35]

In November 2018, hundreds of people demonstrated in front of Umeme's office in Gulu Town in north Uganda. Many people involved in business were complaining that the frequent power outages raise their costs and prevent them from properly managing their ventures. The crowd was joined by MPs supportive of the protesters. Although the demonstration was peaceful, security forces fired teargas to stop it. One person was shot in the buttock.[36]

Recommendations by parliament

In 2013, a probe committee of Uganda's Parliament recommended cancellation of Umeme's contract due to its chronic failure to provide reliable services, which would trigger a contract severance payment of at least US$148 million.[37]

The following year, Uganda's Parliament recommended that Umeme's "contract should be terminated” due to the gross manipulations encountered in the procurement of the Umeme concession, and the scandalous provisions of the power distribution agreements signed between the government of Uganda and Umeme.[38] Ultimately, this course of action was decided against because it would have been too expensive and politically complicated.[39]

Power losses

In June 2016, Umeme estimated its total power losses across its network at 19.1 percent.[40] In September 2016, Umeme estimated that it lost UGX:106 billion annually from nonpayment of bills, vandalism, and illegal connections.[40] Fifty-one percent of its losses come from the Bugisu sub-region in the Eastern Region.[40]

In June 2015, Umeme estimated its power losses at 19.2 percent. Of that, 13 percent was attributable to technical losses (resulting from poor network configuration) and 6.2 percent was from commercial losses (such as power theft and under-billing). In 2017, Umeme's power losses were reduced to 17.2 percent.[41] Umeme planned to reduce total power loss to 15 percent by 2018.[42]

History

In May 2010, Umeme's communications director Charlotte Kemigyisha wrote a commentary in the Daily Monitor newspaper urging public support for President Yoweri Museveni's proposal to make electricity theft a capital offense.[43]

In December 2010, Umeme announced plans to invest US$32 million during 2011 in new substations, improvements in grid connectivity, and the introduction of pre-payment systems.[44]

In November 2013, Umeme announced that it had secured loans totaling US$190 million from the International Finance Corporation, Standard Chartered Bank, and Stanbic Bank to fund grid expansion and reduce energy losses.[45]

Umeme is spending US$440 million between 2013 and 2018 to overhaul equipment, buy technology, and add distribution points.[46]

In March 2016, the Daily Monitor newspaper reported that Umeme had signed a contract with the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited to distribute the power generated from the Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station, due online in 2018, and the Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station, due online in 2020.[47]

In September 2016, a senior Umeme executive said that the company planned to spend US$2 billion over the next five years to expand the grid and increase access rates from an estimated 20 percent in 2016 (about 900,000 subscribers) to 40 percent in 2020 (about 3 million subscribers).[48] In December 2017, Umeme announced plans to invest US$155 million in 2018, to improve the distribution network, build new substations and refurbish old networks across Uganda.[49] In May 2018, in an interview with Reuters, Celestino Babungi, the CEO of Umeme, announced that the company planned to raise US$1.2 billion to revamp and expand the national distribution grid over the next seven years. A consultant was hired to advise and guide on how to raise the funds.[50]

In June 2019, the Daily Monitor newspaper reported that Umeme planned to borrow US$70 million from the International Finance Corporation to add to the US$255 million raised internally, in order to invest in network upgrades and expansion while reducing network losses along with increased collection targets during the 2019–2024 time frame.[51]

In December 2019, Umeme received a syndicated loan of US$70 million from four financial institutions as laid down in the table below. A portion of the loan will be utilized to set up distribution systems to effectively distribute power from Isimba and Karuma. Part of the loan will also support extension of power to industrial parks, upgrading Umeme's network, building the backbone on which more electricity connections will be supplied, accelerate prepayment metering and reduce energy losses. Two hundred and thirty thousand customers out of the 1.4 million customers that Umeme services, as of December 2019, are in the process of being converted from post-service billing to pre-paid metering. At that time, total energy losses stood at 16.7 percent, of which 11.7 percent were technical and 5 percent were commercial.[52]

Umeme Syndicated Loan, December 2019: Sources[52]
Rank Lender Amount in US Dollars Percentage Notes
1 International Finance Corporation 28.00 million 40.00 Loan
2 Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited 16.0 million 22.85 Loan
3 Standard Chartered Uganda 16.0 million 22.85 Loan
4 Netherlands Development Finance Company 10.0 million 14.30 Loan
Total 70.0 million 100.00

Customer base

As of January 2016, Umeme's customer base was about 790,000, with approximately 16,000 customers being added every month. The company expected its customer base to exceed 1 million by the end of 2016.[53]

As at 30 June 2017, Umeme exceeded 1,000,000 paying customers, with the numbers growing at a rate of 13 percent annually.[54][55]

According to the Daily Monitor, as of April 2018, Umeme had 1,125,291 customers.[56] Seventy percent of those customers were on the pre-paid metering system, known as "Yaka".[57] By June 2019, Umeme's customer base exceeded 1.4 million connections.[58]

By July 2018, pre-paid metering covered an estimated 80 percent of all Umeme's customers.[59] At that time, the customer mix was as illustrated in the table below:[59]

Umeme Customer Profile As At July 2018
Rank Customer Type % Consumption Cost per kWh (USD)
1 Industrial Customers
65
 0.10
2 Commercial Customers
12
 0.18
3 Domestic Customers
23
 0.20
Total
100.00

As of December 2018, Umeme serviced more than 1.3 million customers, representing an estimated 25 percent of Uganda's population.[60][61]

As of December 2019, Umeme serviced in excess of 1.5 million customers, of whom 1.47 million (98 percent) were on the prepaid metering service called "Yaka".[62] As of May 2020, Umeme expected to increase its customer base by 2 million to bring total number of customers to 3.5 million by 2025.[63]

Customer growth

The table below represents the growth trajectory of the number of grid-connected customers in Uganda.[64]

Number of Grid-connected Customers At End of Year.
Rank Year Customers New Customers % Growth
1 2014 698,359 – –
2 2015 862,685 164,326 23.53
3 2016 991,882 125,197 14.51
4 2017 1,177,812 185,930 18.75
5 2018 1,352,735 174,923 14.85
6 2019 1,500,000+[62] 147,265 10.89

Infrastructure

As of May 2020, Umeme was responsible for the grid network at and below 33 kiloVolts.[65] At that time, the physical infrastructure available to Umeme included "over 33 substations and 12,631 transformers". Umeme was in the process of building another substation with two transformers to service the neighborhoods of Nansana, Kakiri and Wakiso, whose power needs are projected to grow between 15 to 20 percent in the next five years (2020–2025). The work will cost US$1.5 million (USh5 billion).[63]

In August 2020, Umeme announced that it was in the process of improving the electricity connections to large industrial consumers in the vicinity of Mukono Township. The company was constructing seven dedicated double circuit supply lines from a substation in the settlement of Mbalala (not Mbarara) to each of (a) Katosi Water Works (b) Kampala Cement Company Limited (c) Tian Tang Group and (d) Landy Industries Limited, among others. These electrical upgrades, expected to conclude in December 2020, will cost USh12.4 billion (US$3.4 million).[66]

Negotiation of new contract

In December 2018, President Yoweri Museveni instructed Irene Muloni, Uganda's Energy Minister to begin negotiations with Umeme regarding the renewal of the energy concession, when the current contract expires in 2025. The ministry of energy, the ministry of finance and the office of the attorney general will represent Uganda during these negotiations.[67]

On 13 June 2019, during the reading of the national budget for the financial year 2019/2020, Uganda's Finance Minister, Matia Kasaija indicated that the government will extend Umeme's power distribution concession beyond 2025. Fresh negotiations will be held to finalize the details.[58] Those negotiations started in February 2020.[68]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Ismail Musa Ladu (16 March 2015). "Umeme gets new chief executive officer". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Umeme (20 March 2020). "Umeme Limited: Annual Report And Financial Statement For The Year Ended 31 December 2019" (PDF). Kampala: Umeme Limited. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  3. ^ Bitature, Patrick (10 June 2019). "Umeme Committed To Powering Uganda's Prosperity". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  4. ^ Wesonga, Nelson (28 March 2016). "Poor power network worries electricity company". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  5. ^ a b Mugwe, David (1 August 2013). "Umeme makes first trade at NSE, electronic share transfer goes live". The EastAfrican. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  6. ^ "Location of the Registered Offices of Umeme Limited, Renzori House, Lumumba Avenue, Kampala, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  7. ^ Actis Capital (2011). "About Umeme Limited". London: Actis Capital. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ^ Busharizi, Paul. "UEDCL sold, $65m injection seen by 2010". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  9. ^ Mare, Paul (16 August 2007). "An insight into Umeme concession and work". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  10. ^ Kasita, Ibrahim (22 February 2007). "Umeme owner Globeleq up for grabs". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  11. ^ Ilungole, Stephen (12 October 2012). "Regulators finally approve UMEME IPO". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  12. ^ Sanya, Samuel (21 October 2012). "UMEME shares selling fast". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  13. ^ Ilungole, Stephen (16 October 2012). "Umeme IPO: 46% shares bought". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  14. ^ Busuulwa, Bernard (27 October 2012). "Umeme looks to clear debt with IPO money". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  15. ^ a b Umeme (26 March 2018). "Umeme Annual Report for the Year Ended 31 December 2017" (PDF). Kampala: Umeme Limited (Umeme). Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  16. ^ Busuulwa, Bernard (27 December 2017). "Fears over concession affect Umeme's price". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  17. ^ Mark Keith Muhumuza (9 November 2016). "Uganda: Umeme Acquisition - What More Shares Mean for NSSF". Daily Monitor via AllAfrica.com. Kampala. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  18. ^ Biryabarema, Elias (16 November 2016). "UK private equity firm Actis sells out of Ugandan utility Umeme". Reuters.com. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  19. ^ Mwaniki, Charles (16 November 2016). "Umeme resumes trading shares on Nairobi, Kampala bourses". Business Daily Africa. Nairobi. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
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  21. ^ URN (17 May 2018). "Umeme shareholders reject Bigirimana over 'tainted, corrupt image'". The Observer (Uganda) Quoting Uganda Radio Network (URN). Kampala. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  22. ^ a b "Umeme deputy MD Sam Zimbe to retire". Daily Monitor. Kampala. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  23. ^ Umeme (1 June 2018). "Umeme Limited Senior Management Team". Kampala: Umeme Limited. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
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  25. ^ Jonah Kirabo (15 June 2020). "KCCA's spokesperson Kaujju leaves City Hall after nine years". Kampala: Nile Post Uganda. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
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  27. ^ Nelson Wesonga, and Isaac Imaka (11 December 2013). "Kadaga orders Umeme bribery claims probe". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  28. ^ Busuulwa, Bernard (21 October 2015). "Power cuts: No respite for Umeme's large users". The East African. Nairobi. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  29. ^ World Bank (2014). "Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)". Washington, D. C.: World Bank. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
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  32. ^ Kitatta Kaaya, Sadab (4 December 2011). "Police take over Umeme offices". The Observer (Uganda). Kampala. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  33. ^ Administrator (17 January 2012). "Umeme Riots Rock Kampala, Wakiso". Kampala: Chipreports.com. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  34. ^ Kagiri, Luke (26 April 2014). "Umeme boss beaten by mob in Mubende". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  35. ^ Kafeero, Stephen (18 September 2014). "Nasser Road traders riot after 6 days power outage". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  36. ^ "MPs Otto, Olanya Join Gulu Protest Against Frequent Power Cuts by Umeme". Online news from Uganda and the East African region - SoftPower News. 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  37. ^ Abdallah, Halima. "Uganda faces high bill to end Umeme deal". The East African. Nairobi. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  38. ^ "Terminate Umeme and Eskom Contracts". Uganda: parliament.go.ug. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  39. ^ "Why Umeme contract will not be terminated". Uganda: Observer. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  40. ^ a b c Adengo, Jonathan (21 September 2016). "Uganda: Power Theft Loss Rises to Shs100 Billion". The Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 24 January 2017 – via AllAfrica.
  41. ^ Vision Reporter (2 October 2018). "Umeme lauds government policy on power thieves". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  42. ^ Anyanzwa, James (12 December 2015). "East Africa electricity firms in bid to reduce power losses". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  43. ^ Kemigyisha, Charlotte (May 2010). "Make electricity vandalism a capital offence". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  44. ^ Ojambo, Fred (30 November 2010). "Umeme Uganda to Invest $32 Million in Power Substations in 2011". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  45. ^ Reuters (13 November 2013). "Ugandan power firm Umeme gets $190 million for grid expansion". Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 17 February 2016. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  46. ^ Ojambo, Fred (9 April 2015). "Umeme Will Invest Up to $100m Upgrading Uganda Network This Year". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  47. ^ Muhumuza, Mark Keith (23 March 2016). "Umeme to distribute Karuma, Isimba power". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  48. ^ Obulutsa, George (22 September 2016). "Uganda to spend $2 billion on power connections, grid". The EastAfrican Quoting Reuters. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  49. ^ The Independent (27 December 2017). "Uganda: Umeme to Invest US$155 Million in 2018". The Independent via AllAfrica.com. Kampala. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  50. ^ Biryabarema, Elias (16 May 2018). "Uganda power distributor Umeme to spend $1.2 bln to expand grid". Johannesburg: Reuters Africa. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  51. ^ Christine Kasemiire (14 June 2019). "Umeme Seeks Shs262 Billion Loan To Fund Final Leg Of Concession". Daily Monitor. kampala. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  52. ^ a b Christine Kasemiire (13 December 2019). "Umeme secures Shs258 billion syndicated loan for investment". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  53. ^ Michael Wakabi (9 January 2016). "Umeme customer base to hit 1 million in 2016". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  54. ^ The Eagle Reporter (8 December 2017). "Umeme customers now scale the one million mark". Eagle.co.ug (The Eagle). Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  55. ^ Rupiny, David (11 May 2017). "Umeme Customers Hit One Million Mark". Kampala: Uganda Radio Network. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  56. ^ Wesonga, Nelson (8 April 2018). "Umeme to recover Shs104 billion from domestic customers". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  57. ^ The Uganda Independent (22 November 2017). "Umeme investment in power distribution infrastructure paying off". The Independent (Uganda). Kampala. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  58. ^ a b Monitor Reporter (14 June 2019). "Government to extend Umeme concession". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  59. ^ a b Wakabi, Michael (12 July 2018). "Uganda's electricity sector at a critical crossroads". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  60. ^ Tentena, Paul (26 March 2019). "Umeme Sets Aside US$70 Million For Network Upgrade Despite Contract Uncertainty". East Africa Business Week. Kampala. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  61. ^ David Lumu (25 March 2019). "Umeme Registers 1.3 Million New Connections". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  62. ^ a b Ashita Chopra (6 April 2020). "We have no power to cut or raise service charges, utility firms say". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  63. ^ a b Ashita Chopra (22 May 2020). "Umeme to spend Shs5b on new Kakiri substation". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  64. ^ Electricity Regulatory Authority (2 April 2019). "Electricity Distribution Statistics: Customer Growth". Kampala: Electricity Regulatory Authority. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  65. ^ James Baanabe (12 September 2018). "Overview of Uganda's Power Sub-Sector: Key Players in the Power Sector" (PDF). Kampala: Static1.squarespace.com. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  66. ^ Christine Kasemiire (6 August 2020). "Umeme Seeks To Integrate Mukono Power Network". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  67. ^ Wesonga, Nelson (19 December 2018). "Negotiate extension of Umeme concession, Museveni directs". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  68. ^ Christine Kasemiire (19 February 2020). "Government starts discussing renewal of Umeme 20-year concession". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 20 February 2020.

00°19′00″N 32°34′46″E / 0.31667°N 32.57944°E / 0.31667; 32.57944

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