April 23

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April 23 is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 252 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.
• 1014 - Battle of Clontarf: Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle.
• 1229 - Ferdinand III of Castile conquers Cáceres.
• 1343 - St. George's Night Uprising.
• 1348 - The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III of England is announced on St George's Day.
• 1521 - Battle of Villalar: King Charles I of Spain defeats the Comuneros.
• 1597 - William Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor is first performed, with Queen Elizabeth I of England in attendance.
• 1635 - First public school in the United States, Boston Latin School, is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.
• 1660 - Treaty of Oliwa is established between Sweden and Poland.
• 1661 - King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.
• 1827 - William Rowan Hamilton presents his Theory of systems of rays.
• 1867 - William Lincoln patents the zoetrope, a machine which shows animated pictures by mounting a strip of drawings in a wheel.
• 1920 - The national council in Turkey denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces a temporary constitution.
• 1920 - The Grand National Assembly of Turkey is founded in Ankara.
• 1923 - Inauguration ceremonies take place of Gdynia as a temporary military port and fishers' shelter.
• 1932 - The 153-year old De Adriaan Windmill in Haarlem, the Netherlands burns down.
• 1935 - Polish Constitution of 1935 is adopted.
• 1940 - The Rhythm Night Club fire at a dance hall in Natchez, Mississippi, kills 198 people.
• 1941 - World War II: Greek government and King George II evacuate Athens before the attacking Wehrmacht.
• 1942 - World War II: Baedeker Blitz – German bombers hit Exeter, Bath and York in retaliation for the British raid on Lübeck.
• 1948 - 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Haifa, the major port of Israel, is captured from Arab forces.
• 1955 - The Canadian Labour Congress is formed by the merger of the Trades and Labour Congress of Canada and the Canadian Congress of Labour.
• 1961 - Algiers putsch by French generals.
• 1967 - A group of young radicals are expelled from the Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN). This group goes on to found the Socialist Workers Party (POS).
• 1968 - Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university. see main article Columbia University protests of 1968.
• 1979 - Fighting in London between the Anti-Nazi League and the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group results in the death of protester Blair Peach.
• 1982 - Conch Republic is established.
• 1982 - The ZX Spectrum is released.
• 1985 - Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. (The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than 3 months.)
• 1987 - 28 construction workers die when the L'Ambiance Plaza apartment building collapses while under construction in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
• 1988 - Pink Floyd's album Dark Side of the Moon leaves the charts for its first time after spending a record of 741 consecutive weeks (over 14 years) on the Billboard 200.
• 1990 - Namibia becomes the 160th member of the United Nations and the 50th member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1993 - Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.
• 1997 - Omaria massacre in Algeria: 42 villagers are killed.
• 2003 - Beijing closes all schools for two weeks because of the SARS virus.

Births

• 1170 - Isabelle of Hainaut, queen of France (d. 1190)
• 1185 - King Afonso II of Portugal (d. 1223)
• 1464 - Joan of France, Duchess of Berry, queen of France (d. 1505)
• 1484 - Julius Caesar Scaliger, Italian philosopher (d. 1558)
• 1500 - Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (d. 1565)
• 1516 - Georg Fabricius, German poet, historian, and archaeologist (d. 1571)
• 1598 - Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral (d. 1653)
• 1621 - William Penn, English admiral (d. 1670)
• 1628 - Johann van Waveren Hudde, Dutch mathematician (d. 1704)
• 1676 - King Frederick I of Sweden (d. 1751)
• 1720 - Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (d. 1797)
• 1725 - Saint Gerard Majella, Catholic saint (d. 1755)
• 1746 - Félix Vicq-d'Azyr, French physician and anatomist (d. 1794)
• 1775 - J. M. W. Turner, English painter (d. 1851)
• 1791 - James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States (d. 1868)
• 1792 - John Thomas Romney Robinson, Irish astronomer and physicist (d. 1882)
• 1794 - Wei Yuan, Chinese scholar (d. 1856)
• 1805 - Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, German philosopher (d. 1879)
• 1813 - Stephen A. Douglas, U.S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (d. 1861)
• 1813 - Frédéric Ozanam, French scholar (Society of Saint Vincent de Paul) (d. 1853)
• 1823 - Abd-ul-Mejid, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1861)
• 1853 - Winthrop M. Crane, 40^th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1920)
• 1857 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (d. 1919)
• 1858 - Max Planck, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947)
• 1861 - Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, British general (d. 1936)
• 1865 - Ali-Agha Shikhlinski, Russian-Azerbaijani general (d. 1943)
• 1867 - Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1928)
• 1876 - Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, German historian (d. 1925)
• 1880 - Michel Fokine, Russian choreographer and dancer (d. 1942)
• 1882 - Albert Coates, British composer (d. 1953)
• 1888 - Georges Vanier, French-Canadian soldier and diplomat (d. 1967)
• 1889 - Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (d. 1942)
• 1893 - Frank Borzage, American film director (d. 1952)
• 1894 - Cow Cow Davenport, American pianist (d. 1955)
• 1895 - Ngaio Marsh, New Zealand writer (d. 1982)
• 1897 - Lucius Clay, American general (d. 1978)
• 1897 - Lester B. Pearson, fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1972)
• 1899 - Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Bank of Sweden Prize winner (d. 1979)
• 1900 - Joseph Green, Polish-born actor and director (d. 1996)
• 1900 - Jim Bottomley, American baseball player (d. 1959)
• 1901 - E.B. Ford, British ecological geneticist (d. 1988)
• 1902 - Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
• 1903 - Guy Simonds, youngest general officer in the Canadian army (d 1974)
• 1904 - Duncan Renaldo, Spanish-American actor (d. 1985)
• 1907 - Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor (d. 1975)
• 1907 - Lee Miller, American photographer & model (d. 1977)
• 1908 - Myron Waldman, American animator (d. 2006)
• 1910 - Simone Simon, French actress (d. 2005)
• 1917 - Dorian Leigh, American supermodel (d. 2008)
• 1918 - Maurice Druon, French author
• 1919 - Oleg Penkovsky, Soviet double-agent
• 1921 - Janet Blair, American actress (d. 2007)
• 1921 - Warren Spahn, American baseball player (d. 2003)
• 1923 - Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas
• 1923 - Avram Davidson, American writer (d. 1993)
• 1923 - Antonino Rocca, professional wrestler
• 1924 - Chuck Harmon, American baseball player
• 1924 - Bobby Rosengarden, American jazz drummer (d. 2007)
• 1926 - J. P. Donleavy, Irish American author
• 1928 - Shirley Temple, American actress and politician
• 1932 - Jim Fixx, American athlete and writer (d. 1984)
• 1932 - Halston, American fashion designer (d. 1990)
• 1935 - Bunky Green, American musician
• 1936 - Roy Orbison, American singer and musician (d. 1988)
• 1939 - Jorge Fons, Mexican film director
• 1939 - Lee Majors, American actor
• 1939 - Ray Peterson, American singer (d. 2005)
• 1940 - Michael Copps, American Federal Government official
• 1941 - Jacqueline Boyer, French singer
• 1941 - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland 1995-2003
• 1941 - Michael Lynne, American film executive
• 1942 - Sandra Dee, American actress (d. 2005)
• 1943 - Gail Goodrich, American basketball player
• 1943 - Tony Esposito, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1943 - Frans Koppelaar, Dutch painter
• 1943 - Hervé Villechaize, French actor (d. 1993)
• 1947 - Glenn Cornick, British musician (Jethro Tull)
• 1947 - Bernadette Devlin, Irish politician
• 1948 - Pascal Quignard, French author
• 1948 - Serge Thériault, French-Canadian comedian and actor
• 1949 - David Cross, British violinist (King Crimson)
• 1949 - Joyce DeWitt, American actress
• 1952 - Narada Michael Walden, American musician and producer
• 1954 - Michael Moore, American filmmaker
• 1955 - Judy Davis, Australian actress
• 1955 - Tony Miles, English chess player (d. 2001)
• 1957 - Kenji Kawai, Japanese composer
• 1958 - Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson, Icelandic music composer
• 1958 - Ryan Walter, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1960 - Valerie Bertinelli, American actress
• 1960 - Steve Clark, English guitarist (Def Leppard) (d. 1991)
• 1960 - Claude Julien, French-Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1961 - Terry Gordy, American professional wrestler (d. 2001)
• 1961 - George Lopez, American actor and comedian
• 1962 - Hillel Slovak Former guitarist for the Red Hot Chili Peppers (1988)
• 1962 - John Hannah, Scottish actor
• 1963 - Paul Belmondo, French actor and racing driver
• 1963 - Magnús Ver Magnússon, Icelandic powerlifter
• 1967 - Rheal Cormier, Canadian baseball player
• 1967 - Melina Kanakaredes, American actress
• 1968 - Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist (d. 2001)
• 1968 - Princess Aisha bint Al Hussein of Jordan
• 1968 - Princess Zein bint Al Hussein of Jordan
• 1969 - Yelena Shushunova, Russian gymnast
• 1969 - Richard Wolstencroft, Australian Filmmaker
• 1969 - Martin López-Zubero, Spanish swimmer
• 1970 - Scott Bairstow, American actor
• 1970 - Dennis Bayne Culp, American singer/songwriter
• 1970 - Sadao Abe, Japanese actor
• 1971 - Charmaine Sinclair, English model
• 1972 - Pierre Labrie, Canadian poet
• 1972 - Patricia Manterola, Mexican singer
• 1972 - Sonya Smith, American actress
• 1973 - Patrick Poulin, French-Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974 - Carlos Dengler, American musician (Interpol)
• 1974 - Barry Watson, American actor
• 1975 - Jón Þór Birgisson, Icelandic musician and singer (Sigur Rós)
• 1975 - Bobby Shaw, American football wide receiver for the NFL
• 1977 - John Cena, American professional wrestler
• 1977 - Andruw Jones, Curaçaoan baseball player
• 1977 - Willie Mitchell, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 - Kal Penn, American actor
• 1977 - Lee Young-Pyo, Korean footballer
• 1979 - Barry Fratelli, Scottish bassist (The Fratellis)
• 1979 - Yana Gupta, Indian actress & model
• 1979 - Jaime King, American actress
• 1979 - Lauri Ylönen, Finnish singer (The Rasmus)
• 1981 - Sean Henn, American baseball player
• 1981 - Joanna Krupa, Supermodel/actress
• 1981 - Chris Sharma, American rock climber/boulderer
• 1982 - Taio Cruz, London/English R&B, Pop, Hip Hop singer
• 1983 - Daniela Hantuchová, Slovakian tennis player
• 1983 - Jennifer Heil, Canadian free style skier
• 1984 - Alexandra Kosteniuk, Chess Woman World Champion
• 1985 - Angel Locsin, Filipina TV and movie actress
• 1986 - Sven Kramer, Dutch speedskater
• 1986 - Jessica Stam, Canadian supermodel
• 1987 - Emily Fox, American cupstacking champion
• 1988 - Victor Anichebe, Nigerian footballer
• 1989 - Nicole Vaidišová, Czech tennis player
• 1990 - Matthew Dillon Underwood, American actor
• 1993 - Austin Taylor Parsons (Taylor Parsons), Greatest Friend alive

Deaths

• 303 - Saint George, Roman soldier and Christian martyr
• 725 - Wihtred, King of Kent
• 871 - Ethelred of Wessex
• 997 - Saint Adalbert of Prague, bishop (b. ca. 956)
• 1014 - Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (killed in battle)
• 1016 - Ethelred II of England
• 1124 - King Alexander I of Scotland (b. 1078)
• 1151 - Queen Adeliza of England (b. 1103)
• 1217 - King Inge II of Norway (b. 1185)
• 1407 - Olivier de Clisson, French soldier (b. 1326)
• 1605 - Tsar Boris Godunov of Russia (b. ca. 1550)
• 1616 - Miguel Cervantes, Spanish author (b. 1547)
• 1616 - William Shakespeare, English writer and actor (b. 1564) (Julian calendar)
• 1616 - El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Peruvian writer (b. 1539)
• 1625 - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (b. 1567)
• 1702 - Margaret Fell, English Quaker leader (b. 1614)
• 1740 - Thomas Tickell, English writer (b. 1685)
• 1781 - James Abercrombie, British general (b. 1706)
• 1792 - Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian and adventurer (b. 1741)
• 1794 - Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, French statesman (executed) (b. 1721)
• 1827 - Georgios Karaiskakis, Greek hero of the Greek War of Independence
• 1839 - Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, French explorer (b. 1768)
• 1850 - William Wordsworth, English poet (b. 1770)
• 1889 - Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, French writer (b. 1808)
• 1895 - Carl Ludwig, German physician (b. 1815)
• 1905 - Gédéon Ouimet, Quebec politician (b. 1823)
• 1915 - Rupert Brooke, English poet (b. 1887).
• 1936 - Teresa de la Parra, Venezuelan writer (b. 1889)
• 1951 - Charles G. Dawes, Vice President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1865)
• 1952 - Julius Freed, American inventor and banker (b. 1887)
• 1975 - William Hartnell, English actor (b. 1908)
• 1979 - Blair Peach, New Zealand-born anti-fascist (b. 1946)
• 1981 - Josep Pla, Catalan journalist and writer (b. 1897)
• 1983 - Buster Crabbe, American swimmer and actor (b. 1908)
• 1984 - Red Garland, American jazz pianist (b. 1923)
• 1985 - Sam Ervin, American politician (b. 1896)
• 1986 - Harold Arlen, American composer (b. 1905)
• 1986 - Jim Laker, English cricketer (b. 1922)
• 1986 - Otto Preminger, Austrian-born film director (b. 1906)
• 1990 - Paulette Goddard, American actress (b. 1911)
• 1991 - Johnny Thunders, American musician (b. 1952)
• 1992 - Satyajit Ray, Indian filmmaker (b. 1921)
• 1993 - César Chávez, American labor activist (b. 1927)
• 1995 - Howard Cosell, American sports journalist (b. 1918)
• 1995 - John C. Stennis, U.S. Senator from Mississippi (b. 1904)
• 1996 - Jean-Victor Allard, Canadian military officer (b. 1913)
• 1996 - P. L. Travers, Australian author (b. 1899)
• 1997 - Denis Compton, English cricketer (b. 1918)
• 1998 - Constantine Karamanlis, Greek politician (b. 1907)
• 1998 - James Earl Ray, American assassin (b. 1928)
• 2003 - James H. Critchfield, American Central Intelligence agent (b. 1917)
• 2003 - Fernand Fonssagrives, French photographer (b. 1910)
• 2005 - Joh Bjelke-Petersen, Premier of Queensland (b. 1911)
• 2005 - Al Grassby, Australian immigration minister (b. 1928)
• 2005 - John Mills, English actor (b. 1908)
• 2005 - Romano Scarpa, Italian-born comic artist (b. 1927)
• 2005 - Earl Wilson, American baseball player (b. 1934)
• 2006 - Johnnie Checketts, New Zealand fighter pilot (b. 1912)
• 2007 - Paul Erdman, American economist and author (b. 1932)
• 2007 - David Halberstam, American journalist, historian and author (b. 1934)
• 2007 - Boris Yeltsin, first President of the Russian Federation (b. 1931)

Holidays and observances

• UNESCO International Day of the Book in honor of the death of both William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes on April 23, 1616.
• Turkey - National Sovereignty and Children's Day (1920)
• Feast Day of Saint George:
  • Patron saint and National Day of England
  • Patron saint of Catalonia
• Saint Adalbert of Prague
• Saint Gerard (d. 1138)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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