Clonazolam: Difference between revisions

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'''Clonazolam''' (also known as '''clonitrazolam''') is a [[benzodiazepine]] that has been sold online as a [[designer drug]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11419-015-0277-6 | title=Characterization of the four designer benzodiazepines clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, flubromazolam, and meclonazepam, and identification of their in vitro metabolites | author=Laura M. Huppertz, Philippe Bisel, Folker Westphal, Florian Franz, Volker Auwärter, Bjoern Moosmann | journal=Forensic Toxicology |date=April 2015 | doi=10.1007/s11419-015-0277-6 | volume=33 | pages=388–395}}</ref>
'''Clonazolam''' (also known as '''clonitrazolam''') is a [[benzodiazepine]] that has been sold online as a [[designer drug]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11419-015-0277-6 | title=Characterization of the four designer benzodiazepines clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, flubromazolam, and meclonazepam, and identification of their in vitro metabolites | author=Laura M. Huppertz, Philippe Bisel, Folker Westphal, Florian Franz, Volker Auwärter, Bjoern Moosmann | journal=Forensic Toxicology |date=April 2015 | doi=10.1007/s11419-015-0277-6 | volume=33 | pages=388–395}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-016-9439-6 | title=Identification of main human urinary metabolites of the designer nitrobenzodiazepines clonazolam, meclonazepam, and nifoxipam by nano-liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for drug testing purposes | author=Markus R. Meyer, Madeleine Pettersson Bergstrand, Anders Helander, Olof Beck | journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry | date=2016 | doi=10.1007/s00216-016-9439-6 | pmid=27071765}}</ref>


The synthesis of clonazolam was first reported in 1971 and the drug was described as the most active compound in the series tested.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00293a015 | title=6-Phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]benzodiazepines which have central nervous system depressant activity | author=Jackson B. Hester Jr., Allan D. Rudzik , Bharat V. Kamdar | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |date=November 1971 | volume=14 | issue=11 | pages=1078–1081 | doi=10.1021/jm00293a015 | pmid=5165540}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/patents/EP0072029B1 | title=Patent EP 0072029 B1 - Triazolobenzazepines, process and intermediates for their preparation and medicines containing them | date=22 October 1986 | accessdate=6 August 2015 | author=René Borer, Max Dr. Gerecke, Emilio Dr. Kyburz}}</ref>
The synthesis of clonazolam was first reported in 1971 and the drug was described as the most active compound in the series tested.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00293a015 | title=6-Phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]benzodiazepines which have central nervous system depressant activity | author=Jackson B. Hester Jr., Allan D. Rudzik , Bharat V. Kamdar | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |date=November 1971 | volume=14 | issue=11 | pages=1078–1081 | doi=10.1021/jm00293a015 | pmid=5165540}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/patents/EP0072029B1 | title=Patent EP 0072029 B1 - Triazolobenzazepines, process and intermediates for their preparation and medicines containing them | date=22 October 1986 | accessdate=6 August 2015 | author=René Borer, Max Dr. Gerecke, Emilio Dr. Kyburz}}</ref>

Revision as of 12:27, 14 April 2016

Clonazolam
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-8-nitro-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H12ClN5O2
Molar mass353.07 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • [O-] [N+](=O)c2cc3/C(=N\Cc1nnc(C)n1c3cc2)c4ccccc4Cl
  • InChI=1S/C17H12ClN5O2/c1-10-20-21-16-9-19-17(12-4-2-3-5-14(12)18)13-8-11(23(24)25)6-7-15(13)22(10)16/h2-8H,9H2,1H3
  • Key:XJRGLCAWBRZUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-

Clonazolam (also known as clonitrazolam) is a benzodiazepine that has been sold online as a designer drug.[1][2]

The synthesis of clonazolam was first reported in 1971 and the drug was described as the most active compound in the series tested.[3][4]

Clonazolam is reputed to be highly potent, and concerns have been raised that clonazolam and flubromazolam in particular may pose comparatively higher risks than other designer benzodiazepines, due to their ability to produce strong sedation and amnesia at oral doses of as little as 0.5 mg.[5]

Legality

Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying clonazolam as hazardous substance on June 1, 2015.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Laura M. Huppertz, Philippe Bisel, Folker Westphal, Florian Franz, Volker Auwärter, Bjoern Moosmann (April 2015). "Characterization of the four designer benzodiazepines clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, flubromazolam, and meclonazepam, and identification of their in vitro metabolites". Forensic Toxicology. 33: 388–395. doi:10.1007/s11419-015-0277-6.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Markus R. Meyer, Madeleine Pettersson Bergstrand, Anders Helander, Olof Beck (2016). "Identification of main human urinary metabolites of the designer nitrobenzodiazepines clonazolam, meclonazepam, and nifoxipam by nano-liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for drug testing purposes". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. doi:10.1007/s00216-016-9439-6. PMID 27071765.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Jackson B. Hester Jr., Allan D. Rudzik , Bharat V. Kamdar (November 1971). "6-Phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]benzodiazepines which have central nervous system depressant activity". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 14 (11): 1078–1081. doi:10.1021/jm00293a015. PMID 5165540.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ René Borer, Max Dr. Gerecke, Emilio Dr. Kyburz (22 October 1986). "Patent EP 0072029 B1 - Triazolobenzazepines, process and intermediates for their preparation and medicines containing them". Retrieved 6 August 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Bjoern Moosmann, Leslie A King, Volker Auwärter (June 2015). "Designer benzodiazepines: A new challenge". World Psychiatry. 14 (2): 248. doi:10.1002/wps.20236. PMC 4471986. PMID 26043347.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ "23 nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara" (in Swedish). Folkhälsomyndigheten. Retrieved 6 August 2015.


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