Fluphenazine: Difference between revisions

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==Effectiveness==
==Effectiveness==
A 2013 [[Cochrane (organisation)|Cochrane]] review found that fluphenazine's was an imperfect treatment and other inexpensive drugs less associated with side effects may be an just as good in people with schizophrenia..<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Matar HE, Almerie MQ, Sampson S | title = Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 7 | issue = 7 | pages = CD006352 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23861067 | pmc = 3997140 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006352.pub2 }}</ref>{{Update inline|reason=Updated version https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29893410|date = December 2018}}
A 2013 [[Cochrane (organisation)|Cochrane]] review found that fluphenazine's was an imperfect treatment and other inexpensive drugs less associated with side effects may be an just as good in people with schizophrenia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Matar|first=Hosam E|last2=Almerie|first2=Muhammad Qutayba|last3=Sampson|first3=Stephanie J|date=2018-06-12|title=Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006352.pub3|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|doi=10.1002/14651858.cd006352.pub3|issn=1465-1858}}</ref>


==Other animals==
==Other animals==

Revision as of 08:15, 8 December 2018

Fluphenazine
Clinical data
Trade namesProlixin, Modecate, Moditen others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682172
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		by mouth, IM, depot injection (fluphenazine decanoate)
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability2.7% (by mouth)
Metabolismunclear[1]
Elimination half-lifeIM 15 hours (HCL), 7-10 days (decanoate)[1]
ExcretionUrine, faeces
Identifiers
  • 2-[4-[3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl]propyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.639 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC22H26F3N3OS
Molar mass437.523 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • FC(F)(F)c2cc1N(c3c(Sc1cc2)cccc3)CCCN4CCN(CCO)CC4
  • InChI=1S/C22H26F3N3OS/c23-22(24,25)17-6-7-21-19(16-17)28(18-4-1-2-5-20(18)30-21)9-3-8-26-10-12-27(13-11-26)14-15-29/h1-2,4-7,16,29H,3,8-15H2 checkY
  • Key:PLDUPXSUYLZYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Fluphenazine, sold under the brand names Prolixin among others, is an antipsychotic medication.[1] It is used in the treatment of chronic psychoses such as schizophrenia,[1][2] and appears to be about equal in effectiveness to low-potency antipsychotics like chlorpromazine.[3] It is given by mouth, injection into a muscle, or just under the skin.[1] There is also a long acting injectable version that may last for up to four weeks.[1] Fluphenazine decanoate, the depot injection form of fluphenazine, should not be used by people with severe depression.[4]

Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, depression and increased weight.[1] Serious side effects may include neuroleptic malignant syndrome, low white blood cell levels, and the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia.[1] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia it may increase the risk of dying.[1] It may also increase prolactin levels which may result in milk production, enlarged breasts in males, impotence, and the absence of menstrual periods.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1] Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class.[1] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear but believed to be related to its ability to block dopamine receptors.[1] In up to 40% of those on long term phenothiazines, liver function tests become mildly abnormal.[5]

Fluphenazine came into use in 1959.[6] The injectable form is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[1] In the United States the tablets costs between 0.22 and 0.42 USD per day for a typical dose.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world of the long acting form is between 0.20 and 6.20 USD per injection as of 2014.[8] It was discontinued in Australia around mid 2017.[9]

Effectiveness

A 2013 Cochrane review found that fluphenazine's was an imperfect treatment and other inexpensive drugs less associated with side effects may be an just as good in people with schizophrenia.[10]

Other animals

In horses, it is sometimes given by injection as an anxiety-relieving medication, though there are many negative common side effects and it is forbidden by many equestrian competition organizations.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "fluphenazine decanoate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved Dec 1, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Product Information: Modecate (Fluphenazine Decanoate Oily Injection )". TGA eBusiness Services. Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia Pty Ltd. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Tardy M, Huhn M, Engel RR, Leucht S (August 2014). "Fluphenazine versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD009230. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009230.pub2. PMID 25087165.
  4. ^ "Modecate Injection 25mg/ml - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
  5. ^ "Fluphenazine". livertox.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
  6. ^ McPherson, Edwin M. (2007). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). Burlington: Elsevier. p. 1680. ISBN 9780815518563. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Fluphenazine Decanoate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Rossi S, ed. (July 2017). "Fluphenazine - Australian Medicines Handbook". Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide, Australia: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  10. ^ Matar, Hosam E; Almerie, Muhammad Qutayba; Sampson, Stephanie J (2018-06-12). "Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006352.pub3. ISSN 1465-1858.
  11. ^ Loving NS (31 March 2012). "Effects of Behavior-Modifying Drug Investigated (AAEP 2011)". The Horse Media Group. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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