List of sovereign states: Difference between revisions

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This is a list of sovereign states, giving an overview of states around the world with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty.

The list contains 203 entries, as of 2011^[update]. The states are divided using two distinct methods:

The membership within the United Nations system column divides the states into three categories: 192 member states of the United Nations^[1], 2 states which are not UN member states but which are either a UN observer state or a member state of a UN specialized agency, and 9 other states.
The sovereignty disputes column divides the states into two categories: 13 states whose sovereignty is disputed and 190 other states.

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the "criteria for inclusion" section below.

List of states

Name in English, and the official, national, and other important languages of the state ^{[Note 1]}	Membership within the UN System ^{[Note 2]}	Sovereignty dispute ^{[Note 3]}	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty ^{[Note 5]}
A	A	A
ZZZAbkhazia → Abkhazia	A UN member state	A None
Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Persian: افغانستان – جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان → Template:Rom Pashto: افغانستان – د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Albania – Republic of Albania Albanian: Shqipëria – Republika e Shqipërisë	A UN member state	A None
Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Arabic: الجزائر – الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Andorra – Principality of Andorra Catalan: Andorra – Principat d’Andorra	A UN member state	A None	Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell, who himself is appointed by the Holy See.
Angola – Republic of Angola Portuguese: Angola – República de Angola	A UN member state	A None
Antigua and Barbuda English: Antigua and Barbuda	A UN member state	A None	Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm^{[Note 6]} with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.^{[Note 7]}^[3]
Argentina – Argentine Republic ^{[Note 8]} Spanish: Argentina – República Argentina	A UN member state	A None	Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom.^[4] Argentina claims Argentine Antarctica as part of its national territory, officially a department of the province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands, which overlaps with the claims of the UK and Chile.^{[Note 9]}^[5]
Armenia – Republic of Armenia Armenian: Հայաստան – Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Armenia is not recognised by one UN member: Pakistan.
Australia – Commonwealth of Australia English: Australia – Commonwealth of Australia	A UN member state	A None	Australia is a Commonwealth realm^{[Note 6]} and a federation of 6 states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are: Ashmore and Cartier Islands Australian Antarctic Territory ^{[Note 9]} Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Coral Sea Islands Territory Heard Island and McDonald Islands Norfolk Island
Austria – Republic of Austria German: Österreich – Republik Österreich	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} Austria is a federation of 9 states (Bundesländer).
Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan – Azərbaycan Respublikası	A UN member state	A None	Azerbaijan contains 2 autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).^{[Note 7]} In Nagorno-Karabakh, a de facto state has been established (see Nagorno-Karabakh).
Bahamas – Commonwealth of The Bahamas English: The Bahamas – Commonwealth of The Bahamas	A UN member state	A None	The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain Arabic: البحرين – مملكة البحرين → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh Bengali: বাংলাদেশ – গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Barbados English: Barbados	A UN member state	A None	Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Belarus – Republic of Belarus Belarusian: Беларусь – Рэспубліка Беларусь → Template:Rom Russian: Беларусь – Республика Беларусь → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Dutch: België – Koninkrijk België French: Belgique – Royaume de Belgique German: Belgien – Königreich Belgien	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions.
Belize English: Belize	A UN member state	A None	Belize is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Benin – Republic of Benin ^{[Note 10]} French: Bénin – {{lang\|fr\|République du Bénin	A UN member state	A None
Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ – འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia Spanish: Bolivia – Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Aymara: Wuliwya – Wuliwya Suyu Guaraní: Volíviacode: grn promoted to code: gn – Tetã Volíviacode: grn promoted to code: gn Quechua: Buliwya – Buliwya Mama Llaqta^[7]	A UN member state	A None
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian: Bosna i Hercegovina Serbian: Босна и Херцеговина → Template:Rom Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina	A UN member state	A None	Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of 2 constituent units: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska.^{[Note 11]}
Botswana – Republic of Botswana Tswana: Botswana – Lefatshe la Botswana English: Botswana – Republic of Botswana	A UN member state	A None
Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil Portuguese: Brasil – República Federativa do Brasil	A UN member state	A None	Brazil is a federation of 26 states and 1 federal district.
Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace Malay: Brunei – Negara Brunei Darussalam Jawi: برني دارالسلام	A UN member state	A None	Brunei claims sovereignty over part of the Spratly Islands.^{[Note 12]}
Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria Bulgarian: [България] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: bu (help) – [Република България] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: bu (help) → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Burkina Faso ^{[Note 13]} French: Burkina Faso	A UN member state	A None
Burma – Republic of the Union of Myanmar ^{[Note 14]}^[8] Burmese: မန္မာ – ပည္ေထာင္စုမန္မာနုိင္ငံေတာ္ → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Burundi – Republic of Burundi Kirundi: Uburundi – Republika y'Uburundi French: Burundi – République du Burundi	A UN member state	A None
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia Khmer: កម្ពុជា – ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រ កម្ពុជា → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon French: Cameroun – République du Cameroun English: Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon	A UN member state	A None
Canada ^{[Note 15]} English and French: Canada	A UN member state	A None	Canada is a Commonwealth realm^{[Note 6]} and a federation of 10 provinces and 3 territories.
Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde Portuguese: Cabo Verde – República de Cabo Verde	A UN member state	A None
Central African Republic French: République centrafricaine Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka	A UN member state	A None
Chad – Republic of Chad French: Tchad – République du Tchad Arabic: تشاد – جمهوريّة تشاد → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Chile – Republic of Chile Spanish: Chile – República de Chile	A UN member state	A None	Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands are "special territories" of Chile in the Valparaíso Region. Chile claims part of Antarctica as a commune in its Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. Its claim overlaps with those of the UK and Argentina.^{[Note 9]}
China – People's Republic of China^{[Note 16]} Chinese: 中国 – 中华人民共和国 → Template:Rom Mongolian: ^{[Note 17]} → Template:Rom Tibetan: རྒྱ་ནག – ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། → Template:Rom Kazakh: جۇڭگو – جۇڭحۋا حالىق رەسپۋبليكاسى → Template:Rom Korean: 중국 – 중화인민공화국 → Template:Rom Uyghur: جۇڭگو – جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيىت → Template:Rom Zhuang: Cunghgoz – Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz^[9]^[10]	A UN member state	Claimed by the Republic of China	The People's Republic of China (PRC) contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.^{[Note 7]} Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of: Hong Kong Macao It also claims: Taiwan and associated islands, Kinmen, Matsu, the Pratas and Itu Aba, which are governed by the Republic of China (which claims sovereignty over the whole of China);^{[Note 18]} The Paracel Islands (disputed);^{[Note 19]} The Spratly Islands (disputed);^{[Note 12]} South Tibet (governed by India as part of Arunachal Pradesh). Aksai Chin, controlled by the PRC, is claimed by India as a part of Jammu and Kashmir.^{[Note 20]} As of 2011^[update] the PRC was not recognised by 22 UN member states and the Holy See, which instead recognise the ROC.^{[Note 21]}
China, Republic of (Taiwan) → Taiwan	A UN member state	A None
Colombia – Republic of Colombia Spanish: Colombia – República de Colombia	A UN member state	A None	Colombia's department of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina is the subject of a territorial dispute with Nicaragua.^[4]
Comoros – Union of the Comoros Comorian: Komori – Udzima wa Komori French: Comores – Union des Comores Arabic: جمهورية القمر المتحدة – جزر القمر → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Comoros is a federation of 3 islands, and claims Mayotte, currently^[update] part of France, as a fourth.^{[Note 22]}^[11] Comoros also disputes French sovereignty over the Glorioso Islands and Banc du Geyser.^[4]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Congo-Kinshasa) ^{[Note 23]} French: République démocratique du Congo	A UN member state	A None
Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville) French: République du Congo	A UN member state	A None
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Spanish: Costa Rica – República de Costa Rica	A UN member state	A None
Côte d'Ivoire – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) French: Côte d'Ivoire – République de Côte d'Ivoire	A UN member state	A None
Croatia – Republic of Croatia Croatian: Hrvatska – Republika Hrvatska	A UN member state	A None
Cuba – Republic of Cuba Spanish: Cuba – República de Cuba	A UN member state	A None
Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus Greek: Κύπρος – Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία → Template:Rom Turkish: Kıbrıs – Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. Cyprus is not recognised by one UN member: Turkey.^{[Note 24]}
Czech Republic ^{[Note 25]} Czech: Česko – Česká republika	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Danish: Danmark – Kongeriget Danmark	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two self-governing countries.^{[Note 26]} Faroe Islands (Føroyar/Færøerne) Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat/Grønland)
Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti French: Djibouti – République de Djibouti Arabic: جيبوتي –جمهورية جيبوتي → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica English: Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica	A UN member state	A None
Dominican Republic Spanish: República Dominicana Taíno: Quisqueya	A UN member state	A None
East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste ^{[Note 27]} Portuguese: Timor-Leste – República Democrática de Timor-Leste Tetum: Timor Lorosa'e – Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e	A UN member state	A None
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Spanish: Ecuador – República del Ecuador	A UN member state	A None
Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt Arabic: مصر –جمهوريّة مصرالعربيّة → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Spanish: El Salvador – República de El Salvador	A UN member state	A None
Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea Spanish: Guinea Ecuatorial – República de Guinea Ecuatorial French: Guinée Équatoriale – République de Guinée équatoriale Portuguese: Guiné Equatorial – República da Guiné Equatorial	A UN member state	A None
Eritrea – State of Eritrea Tigrinya: ኤርትራ – ሃግሬ ኤርትራ → Template:Rom Arabic: إريتريا –دولة إرتريا → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Estonia – Republic of Estonia Estonian: Eesti – Eesti Vabariik	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ – የኢትዮጵያ ፈደራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Ethiopia is a federation of 9 regions and 2 chartered cities.
Fiji – Republic of the Fiji Islands Fijian: Viti – Matanitu ko Viti English: Fiji – Republic of the Fiji Islands Hindustani: फ़िजी / فیجی – फ़िजी गणराज्य / فیجی رپبلک → Template:Rom ^[12]	A UN member state	A None	Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, Rotuma.^{[Note 7]}^[13]^[14]
Finland – Republic of Finland Finnish: Suomi – Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Finland – Republiken Finland	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.^{[Note 7]}^{[Note 28]}
France – French Republic French: France – République française	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} French overseas regions/departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion) are full, integral parts of France. The French Republic also includes the overseas territories of: Clipperton Island French Polynesia New Caledonia Saint-Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna French Southern and Antarctic Lands (includes the Antarctic claim of Adélie Land).^{[Note 9]} Clipperton Island is a possession of the government. French sovereignty over Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Mayotte, and Tromelin Island is disputed in part by Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and the Comoros.^[4]
Gabon – Gabonese Republic French: Gabon – République gabonaise	A UN member state	A None
Gambia The Gambia – Republic of The Gambia English: The Gambia – Republic of The Gambia French: Gabon – République gabonaise	A UN member state	A None
Georgia Georgian: საქართველო → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Georgia contains 2 autonomous regions, Adjara and Abkhazia.^{[Note 7]} In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
Germany – Federal Republic of Germany German: Deutschland – Bundesrepublik Deutschland	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} Germany is a federation of 16 federated states (Länder).
Ghana – Republic of Ghana English: Ghana – Republic of Ghana	A UN member state	A None
Greece – Hellenic Republic Greek: Ελλάδα – Ελληνική Δημοκρατία → Template:Rom Katharevousa: Ελλάς – Ελληνική Δημοκρατία → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} Mount Athos is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational "Holy Community" on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.^[15]
Grenada English: Grenada	A UN member state	A None	Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Spanish: Guatemala – República de Guatemala	A UN member state	A None
Guinea – Republic of Guinea French: Guinée – République de Guinée	A UN member state	A None
Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau Portuguese: Guiné-Bissau – República da Guiné-Bissau	A UN member state	A None
Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana English: Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana	A UN member state	A None	A substantial part of Guyana, from the west of the Essequibo River, is claimed by Venezuela.
Haiti – Republic of Haiti French: Haïti – République d’Haïti Haitian Creole: Ayiti – Repiblik d’Ayiti	A UN member state	A None	Haiti claims the uninhabited United States possession of Navassa Island.^[4]
Holy See → Vatican City	A UN member state	A None
Honduras – Republic of Honduras Spanish: Honduras – República de Honduras	A UN member state	A None
Hungary – Republic of Hungary Hungarian: Magyarország – Magyar Köztársaság	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Iceland – Republic of Iceland Icelandic: Ísland – Lýðveldið Ísland	A UN member state	A None
India – Republic of India Hindi: भारत – भारत गणराज्य → Template:Rom English: India – Republic of India Assamese: ভাৰত – ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য → Template:Rom Bengali: ভারত – ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র → Template:Rom Bhojpuri: भारत – भारत गणराज्य → Template:Rom Gujarati: ભારત – ભારતીય ગણરાજ્ય → Template:Rom Kannada: ಭಾರತ – ಭಾರತ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ → Template:Rom Kashmiri: ہِندوستان → Template:Rom Konkani: भारत – भारोत गोणराज → Template:Rom Maithili: भारत – भारत गणराज्य → Template:Rom Malayalam: ഭാരതം – ഭാരത ഗണരാജ്യം → Template:Rom Marathi: भारत – भारतीय प्रजासत्ताक → Template:Rom Meitei: ভারত – ভারত গণরাজ্য → Template:Rom Nepali: भारत – भारत गणराज्य → Template:Rom Oriya: ଭାରତ – ଭାରତ ଗଣରାଜ୍ଯ → Template:Rom Punjabi: ਭਾਰਤ – ਭਾਰਤ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ → Template:Rom Sanskrit: भारतम् – भारत गणराज्यम् → Template:Rom Sindhi: भारत गणराज्य, هندستانڀارت – भारत, ڀارت → Template:Rom Tamil: இந்தியா – இந்தியக் குடியரசு → Template:Rom Telugu: భారత్ – భారత గణతంత్ర రాజ్యము → Template:Rom Urdu: جمہوریہ بھارت – جمہوریہ بھارت → Template:Rom ^[16]	A UN member state	A None	India is a federation of 28 states and 7 union territories. Indian sovereignty over Arunachal Pradesh is disputed by the People's Republic of China.^[4] India claims sovereignty over the whole of Kashmir, but administers only part of it as the federated state of Jammu and Kashmir.^{[Note 20]}
Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia Indonesian: Indonesia – Republik Indonesia	A UN member state	A None	Indonesia has 3 provinces with official special autonomy status: Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Papua, and West Papua.^{[Note 7]}
Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran Persian: ایران – جمهوری اسلامی ایران → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Iraq – Republic of Iraq Arabic: العراق – جمهورية العراق → Template:Rom Kurdish: عێراق – كۆماری عێراق → Template:Rom ^[17]	A UN member state	A None	Iraq is a federation^{[Note 22]}^[18] of 18 governorates, 3 of which make up the autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan.^{[Note 7]}
Ireland ^{[Note 29]} English: Ireland Irish: Éire	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Israel – State of Israel Hebrew: ישראל – מדינת ישראל → Template:Rom Arabic: إسرائيل – دولة إسرائيل → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Israel annexed East Jerusalem, and occupies the Golan Heights^[19] and parts of the West Bank. These areas are not internationally-recognised as being part of Israel.^[4] Israel no longer has a permanent military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, but is still arguably considered the occupying power under international law.^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24] As of 2011^[update] Israel was not recognised as a state by 20 members of the UN.^{[Note 30]}
Italy – Italian Republic Italian: Italia – Repubblica Italiana	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.^{[Note 7]}
Ivory Coast → Côte d'Ivoire	A UN member state	A None
Jamaica English: Jamaica	A UN member state	A None	Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Japan Japanese: 日本 – 日本国 → Template:Rom^{[Note 31]}	A UN member state	A None	Japan disputes Russian administration of the Kuril Islands.
Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Arabic: الأردن – المملكة الأردنّيّة الهاشميّة → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan Kazakh: Қазақстан – Қазақстан Республикасы → Template:Rom Russian: Казахстан – Республика Казахстан → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Kenya – Republic of Kenya English: Kenya – Republic of Kenya Swahili: Kenya – Jamhuri ya Kenya	A UN member state	A None
Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati Gilbertese: Kiribati – Ribaberiki Kiribati English: Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati	A UN member state	A None
Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea Korean: 조선 – 조선민주주의인민공화국 → Template:Rom	A UN member state	Claimed by South Korea	North Korea is not recognised by two UN members: Japan and South Korea.^{[Note 32]}^[25]
Korea, South – Republic of Korea Korean: 한국 – 대한민국 → Template:Rom	A UN member state	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea	South Korea contains 1 autonomous region, Jeju-do.^{[Note 7]}^[26] South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.^{[Note 32]}
ZZZKosovo → Kosovo	A UN member state	A None
Kuwait – State of Kuwait Arabic: الكويت – دولة الكويت → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан – Кыргыз Республикасы → Template:Rom Russian: Кыргызстан – Кыргызская Республика → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic Lao: ລາວ – ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Latvia – Republic of Latvia Latvian: Latvija – Latvijas Republika	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Lebanon – Lebanese Republic Arabic: لبنان –الجمهوريّة اللبنانيّة → Template:Rom French: Liban – République libanaise	A UN member state	A None
Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho English: Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho Sotho: Lesotho – Mmuso wa Lesotho	A UN member state	A None
Liberia – Republic of Liberia English: Liberia – Republic of Liberia	A UN member state	A None
Libya – Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Arabic: ليبيا – الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية العظمى → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein German: Liechtenstein – Fürstentum Liechtenstein	A UN member state	A None
Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania Lithuanian: Lietuva – Lietuvos Respublika	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg – Groussherzogdem Lëtzebuerg French: Luxembourg – Grand-Duché du Luxembourg German: Luxemburg – Großherzogtum Luxemburg	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Macedonia – Republic of Macedonia Macedonian: Македонија – Република Македонија → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Because of the Macedonia naming dispute, the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".
Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar Malagasy: Madagasikara – Repoblikan'i Madagasikara French: Madagascar – Republique de Madagascar	A UN member state	A None	Madagascar claims the French territories of Banc du Geyser, Juan de Nova Island, and the Glorioso Islands.^[4]
Malawi – Republic of Malawi English: Malawi – Republic of Malawi Chewa: Malaŵi – Dziko la Malaŵi	A UN member state	A None
Malaysia Malay: Malaysia Jawi: مليسيا Chinese: 马来西亚 – Măláixīyà English: Malaysia Tamil: மலேசியா – Malēciyā ^[27]	A UN member state	A None	Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and 3 federal territories. Malaysia claims part of the Spratly Islands.^{[Note 12]}
Maldives – Republic of Maldives Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ – ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Mali – Republic of Mali French: Mali – République du Mali	A UN member state	A None
Malta – Republic of Malta Maltese: Malta – Repubblika ta' Malta English: Malta – Republic of Malta	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands Marshallese: Aelōn̄ in M̧ajeļ – Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ^[28] English: Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands	A UN member state	A None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Marshall Islands claim the U.S. territory of Wake Island.^[4]
Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania Arabic: موريتانيا – الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية → Template:Rom French: Mauritanie – République Islamique de la Mauritanie	A UN member state	A None
Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius English: Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius French: Île Maurice – République de Maurice Mauritian Creole: Moris – Repiblik Moris	A UN member state	A None	Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.^{[Note 7]} Mauritius claims the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French island of Tromelin.^[4]
Mexico – United Mexican States Spanish: México – Estados Unidos Mexicanos	A UN member state	A None	Mexico is a federation of 31 states and 1 federal district.
Micronesia, Federated States of English: Federated States of Micronesia	A UN member state	A None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of 4 states.
Moldova – Republic of Moldova Romanian:^{[Note 33]} Moldova – Republica Moldova	A UN member state	A None	Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, the latter of which has established a de facto state.
Monaco – Principality of Monaco French: Monaco – Principauté de Monaco Monegasque: Múnegu – Principatu de Múnegu Italian: Monaco – Principato di Monaco	A UN member state	A None
Mongolia Mongolian: Монгол улс → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Montenegro Montenegrin: Црна Гораcode: srp promoted to code: sr → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco Arabic: المغرب – المملكة المغربية → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Morocco claims sovereignty over the Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Morocco disputes Spanish sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas.^[4]
Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique Portuguese: Moçambique – República de Moçambique	A UN member state	A None
Myanmar → Burma	A UN member state	A None
ZZZNagorno-Karabakh → Nagorno-Karabakh	A UN member state	A None
Namibia – Republic of Namibia English: Namibia – Republic of Namibia	A UN member state	A None
Nauru – Republic of Nauru Nauruan: Naoero – Ripublik Naoero English: Nauru – Republic of Nauru	A UN member state	A None
Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Nepali: नेपाल – संघिय लोकतन्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Nepal is a federation composed of 14 zones.
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Dutch: Nederland – Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Papiamentu: Hulanda (or Ulanda) – Reino di Hulanda English: Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Frisian: Nederlân – Keninkryk fan de Nederlannen	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four constituent countries: Netherlands Aruba Curaçao Sint Maarten The monarch and her ministers form the government of the kingdom as well as the government of the country the Netherlands. Following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have become constituent countries which, alongside Aruba, enjoy considerable autonomy. The other three islands (Bonaire, Saba, Saint Eustatius) became special municipalities of the Netherlands. The designation "Netherlands" can refer to either one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to the Netherlands proper.
New Zealand English: New Zealand Māori: Aotearoa	A UN member state	A None	New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm^{[Note 6]} and has responsibilities for two freely associated states: Cook Islands Niue Both of the above have established independent foreign relations with a number of states.^[29]^[30]^[31] New Zealand also has the dependent territories of: Ross Dependency ^{[Note 9]} Tokelau The Tokelauan government claims sovereignty over Swains Island, part of American Samoa, a territory of the United States.^[32] New Zealand does not recognize the Tokelauan claim.^[33]
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Spanish: Nicaragua – República de Nicaragua	A UN member state	A None	Nicaragua contains 2 autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.^{[Note 7]}
Niger – Republic of Niger French: Niger – République du Niger Hausa: Nijar – Jamhuriyar Nijar	A UN member state	A None
Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria English: Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria Hausa: Nijeriya – Jamhuriyar Taraiyar Nijeriya Igbo: Naigeria – Njíkötá Óchíchìiwù Naíjíríà Yoruba: Naìjírìà – Àpapọ̀ Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà	A UN member state	A None	Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory.
ZZZNorthern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus	A UN member state	A None
North Korea → Korea, Democratic People's Republic of	A UN member state	A None
Norway – Kingdom of Norway Bokmål: Norge – Kongeriket Norge Nynorsk: Noreg – Kongeriket Noreg	A UN member state	A None	Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Spitsbergen Treaty. Bouvet Island is a dependent territory of Norway. Norway also claims Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land as dependent territories of Norway, as part of the Norwegian Antarctic Territory.^{[Note 9]}
Oman – Sultanate of Oman Arabic: عُمان – سلطنة عُمان → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan Urdu: پَاکِسْتَان – جَمْهُورْيَة إِسْلامِی پَاکِسْتَان → Template:Rom English: Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan Punjabi: پاکستان – اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان Persian: پاکستان - جمهوری اسلامی پاکستان	A UN member state	A None	Pakistan is a federation of 4 provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions. Pakistan disputes Indian sovereignty over Kashmir. It exercises control over some areas, but does not explicitly claim any part of it,^[34]^[35] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.^[36]^[37] The portions that it controls are divided into two polities, administered separately from Pakistan proper:^{[Note 20]} Azad Kashmir Gilgit-Baltistan
Palau – Republic of Palau Palauan: Belau – Beluu er a Belau English: Palau – Republic of Palau	A UN member state	A None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
ZZZPalestine → Palestine	A UN member state	A None
Panama – Republic of Panama Spanish: Panamá – República de Panamá	A UN member state	A None
Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea English: Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu: Papuaniugini	A UN member state	A None	Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm^{[Note 6]} with 1 autonomous region, Bougainville.^{[Note 7]}
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay Guarani: Paraguaycode: grn promoted to code: gn – Tetã Paraguáicode: grn promoted to code: gn Spanish: Paraguay – República del Paraguay	A UN member state	A None
Persia → Iran	A UN member state	A None
Peru – Republic of Peru Spanish: Perú – República del Perú Aymara: Piruw – Piruw Republika Quechua: Piruw – Piruw Suyu^[38]	A UN member state	A None
Philippines – Republic of the Philippines Filipino and Tagalog: Pilipinas – Republika ng Pilipinas English: Philippines – Republic of the Philippines Spanish: Filipinas – República de Filipinas	A UN member state	A None	The Philippines contains 1 autonomous region, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.^{[Note 7]} The Philippines administers Scarborough Shoal and some of the Spratly Islands,^{[Note 12]} and claims sovereignty over the Macclesfield Bank and Sabah, which as of 2011^[update] was part of Malaysia.^[4]
Poland – Republic of Poland Polish: Polska – Rzeczpospolita Polska	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Portugal – Portuguese Republic Portuguese: Portugal – República Portuguesa Mirandese: Pertual – República Pertuesa	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} Portugal contains 2 autonomous regions, Azores and Madeira.^{[Note 7]} Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga.^[4]
Pridnestrovie → Transnistria	A UN member state	A None
Qatar – State of Qatar Arabic: قطر – دولة قطر → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Romania Romanian: România Hungarian: Románia^[39]	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Russia – Russian Federation Russian: Россия – Российская Федерация → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Russia is officially a federation of 83 federal subjects (oblasts, republics, autonomous okrugs, krays, and federal cities). Several of the federal subjects are republics acting as ethnic autonomies.^{[Note 7]} Sovereignty over the Kuril Islands is disputed by Japan.
Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda Kinyarwanda: Rwanda – Republika y'u Rwanda French: Rwanda – République du Rwanda English: Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda	A UN member state	A None
ZZZSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	A UN member state	A None
Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis English: Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis	A UN member state	A None	Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm^{[Note 6]} and is a federation ^{[Note 22]} of 14 parishes.
Saint Lucia English: Saint Lucia	A UN member state	A None	Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines English: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	A UN member state	A None	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Samoa – Independent State of Samoa Samoan: Sāmoa – Malo Sa‘oloto Tuto'atasi o Sāmoa English: Samoa – Independent State of Samoa	A UN member state	A None
San Marino – Republic of San Marino Italian: San Marino – Repubblica di San Marino	A UN member state	A None
São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe Portuguese: São Tomé e Príncipe – República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe	A UN member state	A None	São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, Príncipe.^{[Note 7]}
Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Arabic: السعودية – المملكة العربيّة السّعوديّة → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Senegal – Republic of Senegal French: Sénégal – République du Sénégal	A UN member state	A None
Serbia – Republic of Serbia Serbian: Србија – Република Србија → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Serbia contains 2 autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.^{[Note 7]} Most of the latter is under the de facto control of the Republic of Kosovo.
Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles English: Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles French: Seychelles – République des Seychelles Seselwa: Sesel – Repiblik Sesel	A UN member state	A None	Seychelles claims the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island.^[4]
Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone English: Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone	A UN member state	A None
Singapore – Republic of Singapore English: Singapore – Republic of Singapore Malay: Singapura – Republik Singapura Chinese: 新加坡 – 新加坡共和国 → Template:Rom Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் – சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Slovakia – Slovak Republic Slovak: Slovensko – Slovenská republika Hungarian: Szlovákia – Szlovák Köztársaság	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia Slovenian: Slovenija – Republika Slovenija Italian: Slovenia – Repubblica slovena Hungarian: Szlovénia – a Szlovén Köztársaság	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Solomon Islands English: Solomon Islands	A UN member state	A None	The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Somalia – Somali Republic Somali: Soomaaliya – Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya Arabic: الصومال – جمهورية الصومال → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Somalia is presently divided with its official government (TFG) controlling only part of the country. Puntland and Galmudug have declared themselves as autonomous regions of Somalia (a claim which the TFG does not recognise),^[40]^{[need quotation to verify]} while Somaliland has formed an unrecognised de facto state.
ZZZSomaliland → Somaliland	A UN member state	A None
South Africa – Republic of South Africa Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika – Republiek van Suid-Afrika English: South Africa – Republic of South Africa Northern Sotho: Afrika-Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa Sotho: Afrika Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa Southern Ndebele: Sewula Afrika – iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika Swazi: Ningizimu Afrika – iRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika Tsonga: Afrika Dzonga – Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga Tswana: Aforika Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa Venda: Afurika Tshipembe – Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe Xhosa: uMzantsi Afrika – iRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika Zulu: Ningizimu Afrika – iRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika	A UN member state	A None
South Korea → Korea, Republic of	A UN member state	A None
ZZZSouth Ossetia → South Ossetia	A UN member state	A None
Spain – Kingdom of Spain Spanish: España – Reino de España Asturian: España – Reinu d’España Basque: Espainia – Espainiako Erresuma Catalan: Espanya – Regne d'Espanya Galician: España – Reino de España Occitan: Espanha – Reialme d'Espanha^[9]^[41]	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} Spain is divided into autonomous communities and cities.^{[Note 7]} Sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas is disputed by Morocco. Sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga is disputed by Portugal. Spain disputes British sovereignty over Gibraltar.^[4]
Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා – ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය → Template:Rom Tamil: இலங்கை – இலங்கை சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசு → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Formerly known as Ceylon.
Sudan – Republic of the Sudan Arabic: السودان – جمهورية السودان → Template:Rom English: Sudan – Republic of the Sudan	A UN member state	A None	Sudan is a federation of 25 states, 10 of which form the autonomous region of Southern Sudan, which is scheduled to become independent in July 2011.^{[Note 7]}
Suriname – Republic of Suriname Dutch: Suriname – Republiek Suriname	A UN member state	A None
Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland English: Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland Swazi: eSwatini – Umbuso weSwatini	A UN member state	A None
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden Swedish: Sverige – Konungariket Sverige	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]}
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation German: Schweiz – Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft French: Suisse – Confédération suisse Italian: Svizzera – Confederazione Svizzera Romansh: Svizra – Confederaziun Svizra Latin: Helvetia – Confoederatio Helvetica	A UN member state	A None	Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
Syria – Syrian Arab Republic Arabic: سورية – الجمهوريّة العربيّة السّوريّة → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Israel occupies the Golan Heights.^[19] Syria disputed^{[clarification needed]} the Turkish sovereignty over Hatay Province.^[4]
ZZZTaiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan	A UN member state	A None
Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan Tajik: Тоҷикистон – Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.^{[Note 7]}
Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania Swahili: Tanzania – Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania English: Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania	A UN member state	A None	Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, Zanzibar.^{[Note 7]}
Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand Thai: ประเทศไทย – ราชอาณาจักรไทย → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Timor-Leste → East Timor	A UN member state	A None
Togo – Togolese Republic French: Togo – République togolaise	A UN member state	A None
Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga Tongan: Tonga – Pule'anga Tonga English: Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga	A UN member state	A None
ZZZTransnistria → Transnistria	A UN member state	A None
Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago English: Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	A UN member state	A None	Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, Tobago.^{[Note 7]}
Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia Arabic: تونس – الجمهورية التونسية → Template:Rom French: Tunisie – République tunisienne	A UN member state	A None
Turkey – Republic of Turkey Turkish: Türkiye – Türkiye Cumhuriyeti	A UN member state	A None
Turkmenistan Turkmenian: Türkmenistan	A UN member state	A None
Tuvalu Tuvaluan and English: Tuvalu	A UN member state	A None	Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.^{[Note 6]}
Uganda – Republic of Uganda English: Uganda – Republic of Uganda Swahili: Uganda – Jamhuri ya Uganda	A UN member state	A None
Ukraine Ukrainian: Україна → Template:Rom Russian: Украина → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	Ukraine contains 1 autonomous region, Crimea.^{[Note 7]}
United Arab Emirates Arabic: اَلإمَارَات – اَلإمَارَات اَلْعَرَبِيَّة اَلْمُتَّحِدَة → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None	The United Arab Emirates is a federation of 7 emirates.
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland English: United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Scots: Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland Scottish Gaelic: Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mòire agus Èireann a Tuath Welsh: Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon^[42]	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.^{[Note 4]} The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm^{[Note 6]} consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories: Akrotiri and Dhekelia Anguilla Bermuda British Indian Ocean Territory (disputed by Mauritius and Seychelles)^[4] British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands (disputed by Argentina)^[4] Gibraltar (disputed by Spain) Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (disputed by Argentina)^[4] Turks and Caicos Islands British Antarctic Territory ^{[Note 9]} (disputed by Argentina and Chile) The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies: Guernsey, with three dependencies: Alderney Herm Sark Isle of Man Jersey
United States – United States of America English: United States – United States of America French: États-Unis – États-Unis d'Amérique Hawaiian: ʻAmelika Hui – ‘Amelika Huipū‘ia^[43] Spanish: Estados Unidos – Estados Unidos de América	A UN member state	A None	The United States is a federation of 50 states, 1 federal district, and the incorporated territory of Palmyra Atoll. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths: American Samoa (including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau) Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands In addition, there are uninhabited possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Navassa Island (disputed by Haiti), and Wake Island (disputed by the Marshall Islands). According to some sources, the United States also claims Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank as territories.^[4]
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay Spanish: Uruguay – República Oriental del Uruguay	A UN member state	A None
Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan Uzbek: Ўзбекистон – Ўзбекистон Республикаси → Template:Rom ^[44]	A UN member state	A None	Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.^{[Note 7]}
Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu Bislama: Vanuatu – Ripablik blong Vanuatu English: Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu French: Vanuatu – République du Vanuatu	A UN member state	A None
ZZZVatican City → Vatican City	A UN member state	ZZZ
Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Spanish: Venezuela – República Bolivariana de Venezuela	A UN member state	A None	Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies.
Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam Vietnamese: Việt Nam – Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam	A UN member state	A None	Vietnam claims sovereignty over the Paracel^{[Note 19]} and Spratly Islands.^{[Note 12]}
Yemen – Republic of Yemen Arabic: اليمن – الجمهوريّة اليمنية → Template:Rom	A UN member state	A None
Zambia – Republic of Zambia English: Zambia – Republic of Zambia Bemba: Zambia – Ichalo Ca Zambia Kaonde: Zambia – Kyalo Kya Zambia Lozi: Zambia – Naha Zambia Ye Ipusa Chewa: Zambia – Dziko La Zambia Tonga: Zambia – Cisi Ca Zambia^[9]	A UN member state	A None
Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe English: Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe Ndebele: Zimbabwe – iRiphabliki ye Zimbabwe	A UN member state	A None
A	B	A
A	B	B
Vatican City – State of the Vatican City Latin: Civitas Vaticana – Status Civitatis Vaticanæ Italian: Città del Vaticano – Stato della Città del Vaticano French: Cité du Vatican – État de la Cité du Vatican^[9]	B UN observer state and member of one or more related agencies	A None	Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to 178 states. The Holy See is a permanent observer of the UN in the category of "Non-member State"^[45] and a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Archdiocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City. The Holy See also administers a number of extraterritorial properties in Italy and in many other countries (Apostolic Nunciatures).
Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo Albanian: Kosova – Republika e Kosovës Serbian: Косово / Kosovo – Република Косово / Republika Kosovo	Not a UN member state, but member of one or more related agencies	Claimed by Serbia	Kosovo is a member of the IMF and the WBG. It has obtained diplomatic recognition by UN member states and by the Republic of China. Claimed in whole by Serbia as part of its Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
ZZ	C	B
ZZ	C	C
Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia Abkhaz: Аҧсны – Аҧсны Аҳәынҭқарра → Template:Rom Russian: Aбхазия – Республика Абхазия → Template:Rom	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia	Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, South Ossetia and Transnistria.^[46]^[47] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Nagorno-Karabakh – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ – Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Հանրապետություն → Template:Rom	D No membership	Claimed by Azerbaijan	A de facto independent state,^[48]^[49] recognised only by Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.^[50]
Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs – Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti	D No membership	Claimed by Republic of Cyprus	Recognised only by Turkey. It has participated as an observer state of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference under the name "Turkish Cypriot State" since 1979. In addition, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic regards TRNC as sovereign but Azerbaijan has not followed suit. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.^[51]
Palestine Arabic: فلسطين → Template:Rom	D No membership	Unrecognized by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova	Palestine,^[52]^[53]^[54] categorised under "other entities",^[45] has observer status at United Nations General Assembly and maintains a permanent observer mission at the UN Headquarters. The unilaterally-declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from over 110 countries; the exact number is unknown due to the equivocal nature of many declarations of acknowledgment.^[55]^[56]^[57] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, nor effective control on the territory which it proclaimed. In foreign relations, the State of Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization. The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction over parts of the West Bank, while the Gaza Strip is controlled by Hamas.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية → Template:Rom Spanish: República Árabe Saharaui Democrática	D No membership	Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova	Recognised by 81 other states^{[citation needed]}. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of the Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.
Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland Somali: Soomaaliland – Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland Arabic: أرض الصومال – جمهورية أرض الصومال → Template:Rom	D No membership	Claimed by Somalia	A de facto independent state,^[58]^[59]^[60] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Somali Republic.^[61]
South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia Ossetian: Хуссар Ирыстон – Республикæ Хуссар Ирыстон → Template:Rom Russian: Южная Осетия – Республика Южная Осетия → Template:Rom	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia	A de facto independent state,^[62] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela, Abkhazia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.^[46]
Taiwan – Republic of China^{[Note 16]} Chinese: 中華民國 → Template:Rom ^{[Note 34]}	D No membership	Claimed by the People's Republic of China	A state competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands,^{[Note 12]} and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.^[63] The Republic of China is currently recognised by including the Holy See. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.^{[Note 18]} The Republic of China participates in the World Health Organization and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, International Olympic Committee and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei".
Transnistria – Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester) Russian: Приднестровье – Приднестровская Молдавская Республика → Template:Rom Ukrainian: Придністров'я – Придністровська Молдавська Республіка → Template:Rom Romanian: [Транснистрия] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: rum (help) – [Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: rum (help) → Template:Rom	D No membership	Claimed by Moldova	A de facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Territorial Unit of Transnistria.^[64]
ZZ	ZZ	C

Criteria for inclusion

The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood that defines the state as a person of international law if it possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states." Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood, an example of which can be found in the Montevideo Convention, argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognized as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list are included all states which either:

(a) have declared independence and are often regarded as having control over a permanently populated territory, or
(b) are recognized as a sovereign state by at least one other sovereign state

Note that in some cases there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed.

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 203 entities:^[65]^{[Note 35]}

200 states recognized by at least one UN member state
Two states which control a permanently populated territory and are recognized only by non-UN member states: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Transnistria
One state which controls a permanently populated territory and is not recognized by any other state: Somaliland

Notes

^ The names of the items in the list are given in English, as well as in the official, national, major minority, and historically important languages of the state. Where applicable, names in other languages are included in their original script, along with a transliteration in Roman characters. Except where mentioned, the source for the names in their official languages is the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN, retrieved 24 February 2011), which uses romanisation systems approved by the United Nations. The sources for flags are the main articles on these states. When other sources are used, these sources are mentioned. For a gallery of flags, see Gallery of sovereign-state flags.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[2] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
^ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states which are claimed in whole by another sovereign state are mentioned. Minor territorial disputes are detailed in the Further information.. column.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranationalism. The EU as of 2011^[update] had 27 member states.^[6]
^
Information is included on:
- the extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- membership in the European Union,^{[Note 4]} where applicable,
- any overseas dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- any major territorial disputes,
- any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.
^ The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g The continent of Antarctica, including its outlying islands south of 60°S, are held in abeyance under the terms of the Antarctic Treaty System. Under this treaty, territorial claims in this region are neither recognised nor disputed. Claimant countries are Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, with all those save Argentina and Chile mutually recognising each others claims.
^ Formerly referred to as Dahomey, its official name until 1975.
^ For more information about the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, see Dayton Agreement and the text of The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (14 December 1995). Office of the High Representative. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, and in part by Brunei, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Except for Brunei, each of these countries occupies part of the islands (see List of territorial disputes).
^ Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984.
^ Burma's official short form name as used by the United Nations is "Myanmar". The government changed the state's official name in English from "Union of Myanmar" to "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" in October 2010.
^ The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
^ ^a ^b The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, along with other names.
^ Rendered in unicode as ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
^ ^a ^b In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories currently^[update] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
^ ^a ^b The Chinese sovereignty over the Paracel Islands is disputed by Vietnam and the Republic of China (see List of territorial disputes);
^ ^a ^b ^c Sovereignty over Kashmir is disputed between India and Pakistan; smaller parts are disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. As of 2011^[update] Kashmir was divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the List of territorial disputes.
^ See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China.
^ ^a ^b ^c More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.
^ Abbreviated as DRC, and also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
^ See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute.
^ A simpler official short-form name has been encouraged by the Czech government: the English variant Czechia remains uncommon, but variants in Czech (Česko) and some other languages are more popular. See Name of the Czech Republic
^ For more information, see Rigsfællesskabet.
^ The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the English translation.
^ Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
^ The Irish state is often referred to as the Republic of Ireland (its official description but not its name). Sometimes this is done to distinguish the state from the island of Ireland as a whole. However, sometimes it is done for political reasons and is contentious.
^ See Foreign relations of Israel and Recognition of Israel.
^ See Names of Japan for more detail.
^ ^a ^b Both North Korea and South Korea claim to be the sole legitimate government of Korea. See also Foreign relations of North Korea and Foreign relations of South Korea.
^ Moldovan is often considered to be the same language as Romanian, see Moldovan language.
^ Romanization in Pinyin.
^ The non-state sovereign entity Order of Malta is not included. It claims neither statehood nor any territory. Entities considered to be micronations are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all uncontacted peoples, who either live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.

References

^ "United Nations Member States". United Nations. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006), retrieved 28 February 2011)
^ Government of Antigua and Barbuda. "Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act" (PDF). Laws of Antigua and Barbuda. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t More information on territorial disputes can be found at the List of territorial disputes and the main articles.
^ Government of the United States, Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1989). Polar prospects: a minerals treaty for Antarctica. United States Government Printing Office. p. 43. ISBN 9781428922327.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) "Mutual recognition of claims has been limited to Australia, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom ... Chile and Argentina do not recognize each other's claims ..."
^ Europa, retrieved 28 February 2011
^ Source for the Aymara, Guaraní, and Quechua is the Consulate General of Brazil in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. "Datos de Bolivia". Government of Brazil. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
^ "Myanmar gets new flag, official name, anthem". Reuters. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Source for names in regional and minority languages is the Federal Foreign Office of Germany (see Bibliography) Cite error: The named reference "gmfa" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Names in additional regional and minority languages are taken from Geonames. "China". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.
^ Source for the Hindustani, which uses both the Hindi and Urdu script, is Geonames. "Fiji". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ "Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji (1978 ed.). Suva, Fiji: Government of Fiji. 1927. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)^{[dead link]}
^ Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister (1978). "Chapter 122: Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji. University of the South Pacific. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
^ Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.
^ Source for the names in recognised regional and national languages is Geonames. "India". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ Source for the official name in Kurdish is the Kurdistan Regional Government. "Official website". Retrieved 2010-07-15.
^ Source: Iraqi constitution
^ ^a ^b
Occupied territory:
- "Israeli-occupied Golan Heights" (Central Intelligence Agency. CIA World Factbook 2010, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. ISBN 1602397279.)
- "...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal..." ("title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations", Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * "Occupied Golan Heights" (Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * "In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory." (ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007, International Committee of the Red Cross, April 24, 2008.) * "...occupied Syrian Golan Heights..." (The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002, www.al-bab.com. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. (General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees, United Nations, December 5, 2008.)
^ Gold, Dore (26 August 2005). "Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 2010-07-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Bell, Abraham (28 January 2008). "International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ "Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ Salih, Zak M. (17 November 2005). "Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status". University of Virginia School of Law. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation". Human Rights Watch. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea". Retrieved 2008-10-27.
^ Keun Min. "Greetings". Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
^ Source for the Jawi script and Tamil and Chinese romanisations is Geonames. "Malaysia". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ Source for the formal native version is Geonames. "Marshall Islands". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ Federal Foreign Office of Germany (November 2009). "Beziehungen zu Deutschland". Government of Germany. Retrieved 2010-07-16. For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.
^ China Internet Information Centre (13 December 2007). "Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations. "Foreign Affairs". United Nations. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ Radio New Zealand International (26 March 2007). "American Samoa governor ready to resist Tokelau's claim to Swains Island". Radio New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ Government of New Zealand (8 October 2007). "Draft Constitution of Tokelau – English". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. Retrieved 2010-07-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.
^ Aslam, Tasnim (11 December 2006). "'Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...'". Outlook India. The Outlook Group.
^ Williams, Kristen P. (2001). Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 154–155. ISBN 9780275969349.
^ Pruthi, R.K. (2001). An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 120–121. ISBN 9788126110919.
^ Source for the Ayamara and Quechua is Geonames. "Peru". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ Hungarian foreign ministry information sheet
^ Weller, Marc (2010). Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. Philadelphia, United States: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812242300. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Names in additional regional and minority languages are taken from Geonames. "Spain". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ Source for the Irish, Scottish, and Welsh is Geonames. "United Kingdom". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ Source for the Hawaiian is Geonames. "United States". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
^ Source for the Cyrillic is the Federal Foreign Office of Germany (see Bibliography)
^ ^a ^b "Non-member States and Entities". United Nations. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions". CNN.com. Cable News Network. 2008-08-26. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
^ Harding, Luke (14 December 2009). "Tiny Nauru struts world stage by recognising breakaway republics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
^ Krüger, Heiko (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Springer. p. 55. ISBN 9783642117879.
^ Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes (2010). "Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan". HULIQ.com. Hareyan Publishing, LLC. Retrieved 2011-04-17. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ See Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
^ See The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
^ Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010), Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute (PDF), 30 March 2010, pp. 28, 33, retrieved 2011-04-17: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognized Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice".
^ McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994), "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine", Seattle University Law Review, 18 (93), Seattle University: 97, retrieved 2011-04-17: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory"
^ McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009), "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute", Human Rights Brief, 25, Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, retrieved 2011-04-17: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
^ See Crawford, James (1999). "Israel (1948–1949) and Paletine (1998–1999): Two Studies in the Creation of States", in Goodwin-Gil G.S. and S. Talmon, The Reality of International Law: Essays in Honour of Ian Brownlie, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, pp. 110–115.
^ Kurz, Anat N. (2005) Fatah and the Politics of Violence: the institutionalization of a popular Struggle. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press ISBN 1-84519-032-7, ISBN 978-1-84519-032-3 p. 123.
^ Boyle, Francis A., "Palestine, Palestinians and International Law", Clarity Press, September 1, 2009, ISBN 093286337X, page 19.
^ International Crisis Group (23 May 2006), "Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership" (PDF), Africa Report (110): 10–13, retrieved 2011-04-19
^ Mesfin, Berouk (2009), "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF), ISS Paper (200), Institute for Security Studies: 8, retrieved 2011-04-19 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Arieff, Alexis, "De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland" (PDF), Yale Journal of International Affairs (Spring/Summer 2008), retrieved 2011-04-17
^ See Regions and territories: Somaliland (30 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
^ Jansen, Dinah (2009), "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm" (PDF), Geopolitics vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security, Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie: 222–242, ISBN 9781896440613
^ "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 2008-10-08.
^ 'See Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
^ The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.

Bibliography

Federal Foreign Office of Germany (22 April 2009). "Amtliche Bezeichnungen ausländischer Staaten in den Landessprachen" (PDF). Government of Germany. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
Bissio, Roberto Remo, ed. (1995). The World: A Third World Guide: 1995/96. Montevideo: Instituto del Tercer Mundo. ISBN 9780855982911. OCLC 476299738.
"Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations". Statistics Division, United Nations. 1 April 2010.
Davis, Tim (19 February 2009). "World Countries and States List". Timdavis.com.au.
"Geographic Names" (PDF). Department of Public Information, Cartographic Section, United Nations. 7 September 2000.
"ISO 3166-1 Country names and code elements". International Organization for Standardization. 2010.
"List of countries, territories and currencies". Publications Office of the European Union. 4 May 2010.
Madore, David (3 August 2003). "How many countries are there in the world?". Madore.org.
"The World Factbook". United States: Central Intelligence Agency. 2010.
World of Information (Firm), and International Chamber of Commerce (2003). Middle East Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report (27th ed.). London: Kogan Page. p. 161. ISBN 9780749440664. OCLC 51992589.

Template:Lists by country

Template:Link FL

[2] The names of the items in the list are given in English, as well as in the official, national, major minority, and historically important languages of the state. Where applicable, names in other languages are included in their original script, along with a transliteration in Roman characters. Except where mentioned, the source for the names in their official languages is the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN, retrieved 24 February 2011), which uses romanisation systems approved by the United Nations. The sources for flags are the main articles on these states. When other sources are used, these sources are mentioned. For a gallery of flags, see Gallery of sovereign-state flags.

[4] This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.^[2] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.

[5] This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states which are claimed in whole by another sovereign state are mentioned. Minor territorial disputes are detailed in the Further information.. column.

[EU-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranationalism. The EU as of 2011^[update] had 27 member states.^[6]

[7] Information is included on:
the extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

membership in the European Union,^{[Note 4]} where applicable,

any overseas dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

any major territorial disputes,

any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[6] the extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

[7] rship in the European Union,^{[Note 4]} where applicable,

[8] y overseas dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

[9] ral structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

[10] y autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

[11] y situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

[12] y major territorial disputes,

[13] y governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[realm-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.

[autonomous-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.

[11] The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.

[ANT-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g The continent of Antarctica, including its outlying islands south of 60°S, are held in abeyance under the terms of the Antarctic Treaty System. Under this treaty, territorial claims in this region are neither recognised nor disputed. Claimant countries are Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, with all those save Argentina and Chile mutually recognising each others claims.

[16] Formerly referred to as Dahomey, its official name until 1975.

[18] For more information about the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, see Dayton Agreement and the text of The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (14 December 1995). Office of the High Representative. Retrieved 28 February 2011.

[Spratly-19] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, and in part by Brunei, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Except for Brunei, each of these countries occupies part of the islands (see List of territorial disputes).

[20] Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984.

[21] Burma's official short form name as used by the United Nations is "Myanmar". The government changed the state's official name in English from "Union of Myanmar" to "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" in October 2010.

[23] The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.

[ChinaTaiwan-24] The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, along with other names.

[25] Rendered in unicode as ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ

[TAI2-28] In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories currently^[update] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.

[Paracel-29] The Chinese sovereignty over the Paracel Islands is disputed by Vietnam and the Republic of China (see List of territorial disputes);

[Kashmir-30] Sovereignty over Kashmir is disputed between India and Pakistan; smaller parts are disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. As of 2011^[update] Kashmir was divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the List of territorial disputes.

[31] See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China.

[federal-32] More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.

[34] Abbreviated as DRC, and also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.

[35] See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute.

[36] A simpler official short-form name has been encouraged by the Czech government: the English variant Czechia remains uncommon, but variants in Czech (Česko) and some other languages are more popular. See Name of the Czech Republic

[37] For more information, see Rigsfællesskabet.

[38] The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the English translation.

[42] Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.

[47] The Irish state is often referred to as the Republic of Ireland (its official description but not its name). Sometimes this is done to distinguish the state from the island of Ireland as a whole. However, sometimes it is done for political reasons and is contentious.

[54] See Foreign relations of Israel and Recognition of Israel.

[55] See Names of Japan for more detail.

[koreas-56] Both North Korea and South Korea claim to be the sole legitimate government of Korea. See also Foreign relations of North Korea and Foreign relations of South Korea.

[61] Moldovan is often considered to be the same language as Romanian, see Moldovan language.

[96] Romanization in Pinyin.

[micros-100] The non-state sovereign entity Order of Malta is not included. It claims neither statehood nor any territory. Entities considered to be micronations are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all uncontacted peoples, who either live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.

[unms-1] "United Nations Member States". United Nations. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[3] Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006), retrieved 28 February 2011)

[10] Government of Antigua and Barbuda. "Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act" (PDF). Laws of Antigua and Barbuda. Retrieved 2010-11-10.

[dis-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t More information on territorial disputes can be found at the List of territorial disputes and the main articles.

[14] Government of the United States, Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1989). Polar prospects: a minerals treaty for Antarctica. United States Government Printing Office. p. 43. ISBN 9781428922327.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) "Mutual recognition of claims has been limited to Australia, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom ... Chile and Argentina do not recognize each other's claims ..."

[15] Europa, retrieved 28 February 2011

[17] Source for the Aymara, Guaraní, and Quechua is the Consulate General of Brazil in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. "Datos de Bolivia". Government of Brazil. Retrieved 2010-07-15.

[22] "Myanmar gets new flag, official name, anthem". Reuters. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.

[gmfa-26] Source for names in regional and minority languages is the Federal Foreign Office of Germany (see Bibliography) Cite error: The named reference "gmfa" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[27] Names in additional regional and minority languages are taken from Geonames. "China". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[33] Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.

[39] Source for the Hindustani, which uses both the Hindi and Urdu script, is Geonames. "Fiji". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[40] "Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji (1978 ed.). Suva, Fiji: Government of Fiji. 1927. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)^{[dead link]}

[41] Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister (1978). "Chapter 122: Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji. University of the South Pacific. Retrieved 2010-11-10.

[43] Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.

[44] Source for the names in recognised regional and national languages is Geonames. "India". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[45] Source for the official name in Kurdish is the Kurdistan Regional Government. "Official website". Retrieved 2010-07-15.

[46] Source: Iraqi constitution

[golanocc-48] Occupied territory:
"Israeli-occupied Golan Heights" (Central Intelligence Agency. CIA World Factbook 2010, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. ISBN 1602397279.)

"...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal..." ("title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations", Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * "Occupied Golan Heights" (Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * "In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory." (ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007, International Committee of the Red Cross, April 24, 2008.) * "...occupied Syrian Golan Heights..." (The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002, www.al-bab.com. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. (General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees, United Nations, December 5, 2008.)

[63] "Israeli-occupied Golan Heights" (Central Intelligence Agency. CIA World Factbook 2010, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. ISBN 1602397279.)

[64] "...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal..." ("title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations", Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * "Occupied Golan Heights" (Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * "In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory." (ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007, International Committee of the Red Cross, April 24, 2008.) * "...occupied Syrian Golan Heights..." (The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002, www.al-bab.com. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. (General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees, United Nations, December 5, 2008.)

[49] Gold, Dore (26 August 2005). "Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 2010-07-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[50] Bell, Abraham (28 January 2008). "International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 2010-07-16.

[51] "Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-16.

[52] Salih, Zak M. (17 November 2005). "Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status". University of Virginia School of Law. Retrieved 2010-07-16.

[53] "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation". Human Rights Watch. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 2010-07-16.

[57] "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea". Retrieved 2008-10-27.

[58] Keun Min. "Greetings". Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Retrieved 2010-11-10.

[59] Source for the Jawi script and Tamil and Chinese romanisations is Geonames. "Malaysia". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[60] Source for the formal native version is Geonames. "Marshall Islands". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[62] Federal Foreign Office of Germany (November 2009). "Beziehungen zu Deutschland". Government of Germany. Retrieved 2010-07-16. For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.

[63] China Internet Information Centre (13 December 2007). "Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 2010-07-16.

[64] Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations. "Foreign Affairs". United Nations. Retrieved 2010-07-16.

[65] Radio New Zealand International (26 March 2007). "American Samoa governor ready to resist Tokelau's claim to Swains Island". Radio New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 2010-07-16.

[66] Government of New Zealand (8 October 2007). "Draft Constitution of Tokelau – English". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. Retrieved 2010-07-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[67] Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.

[68] Aslam, Tasnim (11 December 2006). "'Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...'". Outlook India. The Outlook Group.

[69] Williams, Kristen P. (2001). Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 154–155. ISBN 9780275969349.

[70] Pruthi, R.K. (2001). An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 120–121. ISBN 9788126110919.

[71] Source for the Ayamara and Quechua is Geonames. "Peru". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[72] Hungarian foreign ministry information sheet

[73] Weller, Marc (2010). Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. Philadelphia, United States: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812242300. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[74] Names in additional regional and minority languages are taken from Geonames. "Spain". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[75] Source for the Irish, Scottish, and Welsh is Geonames. "United Kingdom". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[76] Source for the Hawaiian is Geonames. "United States". Fröhlich, Werner. Retrieved 2010-07-14.

[77] Source for the Cyrillic is the Federal Foreign Office of Germany (see Bibliography)

[unnms-78] "Non-member States and Entities". United Nations. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[cnnAbSO-79] "Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions". CNN.com. Cable News Network. 2008-08-26. Retrieved 2008-08-26.

[80] Harding, Luke (14 December 2009). "Tiny Nauru struts world stage by recognising breakaway republics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 May 2010.

[81] Krüger, Heiko (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Springer. p. 55. ISBN 9783642117879.

[82] Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes (2010). "Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan". HULIQ.com. Hareyan Publishing, LLC. Retrieved 2011-04-17. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[83] See Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.

[84] See The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006.

[85] Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010), Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute (PDF), 30 March 2010, pp. 28, 33, retrieved 2011-04-17: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognized Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice".

[86] McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994), "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine", Seattle University Law Review, 18 (93), Seattle University: 97, retrieved 2011-04-17: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory"

[87] McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009), "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute", Human Rights Brief, 25, Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, retrieved 2011-04-17: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."

[88] See Crawford, James (1999). "Israel (1948–1949) and Paletine (1998–1999): Two Studies in the Creation of States", in Goodwin-Gil G.S. and S. Talmon, The Reality of International Law: Essays in Honour of Ian Brownlie, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, pp. 110–115.

[89] Kurz, Anat N. (2005) Fatah and the Politics of Violence: the institutionalization of a popular Struggle. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press ISBN 1-84519-032-7, ISBN 978-1-84519-032-3 p. 123.

[90] Boyle, Francis A., "Palestine, Palestinians and International Law", Clarity Press, September 1, 2009, ISBN 093286337X, page 19.

[91] International Crisis Group (23 May 2006), "Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership" (PDF), Africa Report (110): 10–13, retrieved 2011-04-19

[92] Mesfin, Berouk (2009), "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF), ISS Paper (200), Institute for Security Studies: 8, retrieved 2011-04-19 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[93] Arieff, Alexis, "De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland" (PDF), Yale Journal of International Affairs (Spring/Summer 2008), retrieved 2011-04-17

[94] See Regions and territories: Somaliland (30 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.

[95] Jansen, Dinah (2009), "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm" (PDF), Geopolitics vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security, Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie: 222–242, ISBN 9781896440613

[97] "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 2008-10-08.

[98] 'See Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.

[99] The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.

[1]

[Note 1]

[Note 2]

[Note 3]

[Note 5]

[Note 6]

[Note 7]

[3]

[Note 8]

[4]

[Note 9]

[5]

[Note 4]

[Note 10]

[7]

[Note 11]

[Note 12]

[Note 13]

[Note 14]

[8]

[Note 15]

[Note 16]

[Note 17]

[9]

[10]

[Note 18]

[Note 19]

[Note 20]

[Note 21]

[Note 22]

[11]

[Note 23]

[Note 24]

[Note 25]

[Note 26]

[Note 27]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[Note 28]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[Note 29]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[Note 30]

[Note 31]

[Note 32]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[Note 33]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[Note 34]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[Note 35]

[2]

[6]

v t e List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
Continents	Africa Antarctica Asia Europe North America Oceania South America
Landmasses	Americas Eurasia
Islands	Island countries
Transcontinental	Transcontinental countries