March 25

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March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). There are 281 days remaining.

Events

• 1 BC - Annunciation of the Virgin Mary and conception of Jesus (traditional date in Catholicism)
• 708 - Constantine is consecrated Pope.
• 1300 - Dante descends to the Inferno in The Divine Comedy.
• 1306 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland.
• 1409 - The Council of Pisa opens.
• 1634 - The first settlers arrive in Maryland (led by Lord Baltimore).
• 1655 - Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens.
• 1655 - Protestants take control of Maryland at the Battle of the Severn.
• 1802 - The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and United Kingdom.
• 1807 - The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing slavery in the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1807 - The Swansea and Mumbles Railway, then known as the Oystermouth Railway, became the first passenger carrying railway in the world.
• 1811 - Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for his publication of the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.
• 1821 - Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.
• 1857 - Phonautograph patented.
• 1865 - The "Claywater Meteorite" explodes just before reaching ground level in Vernon County, Wisconsin. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg are recovered.
• 1865 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Stedman from the Union in a bloody battle.
• 1894 - Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington D.C..
• 1901 - At the five-day "Week of Nice" race in Nice, France, Mercedes wins its first racing victory.
• 1908 - Clube Atletico Mineiro, Founded in Belo Horizonte,Brazil.
• 1911 - In New York City the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 146 garment workers.
• 1918 - The Belarusian People's Republic was established.
• 1924 - Greece proclaims itself a republic.
• 1931 - The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.
• 1939 - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli becomes Pope Pius XII.
• 1941 - Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers.
• 1947 - An explosion in a coalmine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111.
• 1949 - The extensive deportation campaign was conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Soviet authorities deported more than 92,000 people from Baltics to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
• 1955 - United States Customs seizes copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" as obscene.
• 1957 - The European Economic Community is established (West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg).
• 1958 - Canada's Avro Arrow makes it debut flight.
• 1960 - In London, United Kingdom, Jacqueline Boyer wins the fifth Eurovision Song Contest for France singing "Tom Pillibi".
• 1965 - Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. successfully complete their 4-day 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery.
• 1969 - During their honeymoon, John Lennon and Yoko Ono hold their first Bed-In for Peace in the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel (until March 31).
• 1971 - Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight of Pakistan Army against East Pakistani civilians.
• 1972 - In Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Vicky Leandros wins the seventeenth Eurovision Song Contest for Luxembourg singing "Après toi" (After you).
• 1975 - Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a mentally ill nephew.
• 1979 - The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch.
• 1988 - The Candle demonstration in Bratislava was the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
• 1990 - In the Bronx, New York City, a fire at an illegal social club called "Happy Land" kills 87 people.
• 1992 - Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station.
• 1995 - Mike Tyson is released from the Indiana Youth Center after serving three years for a rape conviction.
• 1995 - Ward Cunningham opens the first wiki, the WikiWikiWeb.
• 1996 - An 81-day-long standoff between the antigovernment group Montana Freemen and law enforcement near Jordan, Montana, begins.
• 1996 - The Labour Party is founded in Turkey.
• 1996 - The EU's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (BSE).
• 2004 - Air Holland files for bankruptcy in response to unproven allegations of marijuana abuse by their pilots.
• 2006 - The Capitol Hill massacre, where gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, one of the largest crime scenes the city has ever had.
• 2006 - Protesters demanding a re-election in Belarus following the rigged Belarusian presidential election, 2006 clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin was among several protesters arrested.
• 2006 - Over 500,000 people in Los Angeles were protesting against illegal immigration.
• 2006 - Reading F.C. were promoted to the English Premiership for the first time in their 135 year history.

Births

• 1252 - Conradin, Duke of Swabia (d. 1268)
• 1297 - Andronicus III Palaeologus, Eastern Roman Emperor (d. 1341)
• 1297 - Arnost of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague (d. 1364)
• 1345 - Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1369)
• 1347 - Catherine of Siena, Italian saint (d. 1380)
• 1404 (baptism) - John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, English military leader (d. 1444)
• 1479 - Vasili III, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1533)
• 1539 - Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1612)
• 1541 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1587)
• 1593 - Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1649)
• 1643 - Louis Moréri, French encylopedist (d. 1680)
• 1661 - Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725)
• 1699 - Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer (d. 1783)
• 1767 - Joachim Murat, French marshal and King of Naples (d. 1815)
• 1800 - Heinrich von Dechsen, German geologist and mineralogist (d. 1889)
• 1863 - Simon Flexner, American pathologist (d. 1946)
• 1867 - Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor, (d. 1957)
• 1868 - William Lockwood, English cricketer (d. 1932)
• 1873 - Rudolf Rocker, German anarchist (d. 1958)
• 1881 - Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945)
• 1881 - Mary Gladys Webb, English writer (d. 1927)
• 1884 - Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (d. 1950)
• 1886 - Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1972)
• 1901 - Ed Begley, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1906 - A.J.P. Taylor, British historian (d. 1990)
• 1908 - Helmut Käutner, German actor and film director (d. 1980)
• 1908 - David Lean, English film director (d. 1991)
• 1911 - Jack Ruby, American killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
• 1914 - Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1918 - Howard Cosell, American attorney, lecturer, and sports journalist (d. 1995)
• 1920 - Patrick Troughton, British actor (d. 1987)
• 1920 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner
• 1921 - Simone Signoret, French actress (d. 1985)
• 1925 - Flannery O'Connor, American author (d. 1964)
• 1926 - László Papp, Hungarian boxer (d. 2003)
• 1926 - Jaime Sabines, Mexican poet (d. 1999)
• 1926 - Gene Shalit, American film critic
• 1928 - Jim Lovell, astronaut
• 1929 - Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
• 1934 - Gloria Steinem, American author
• 1935 - Flash Elorde, Filipino boxer
• 1938 - Hoyt Axton, American musician and actor (d. 1999)
• 1939 - Toni Cade Bambara, American author (d. 1995)
• 1940 - Anita Bryant, American entertainer and activist
• 1942 - Aretha Franklin, American singer
• 1942 - Richard O'Brien, English actor and writer
• 1943 - Paul Michael Glaser, American actor
• 1946 - Bonnie Bedelia, American actress
• 1946 - Maurice Krafft, French vulcanologist (d. 1991)
• 1947 - Sir Elton John, English singer, songwriter, and pianist
• 1949 - Nick Lowe, British singer, songwriter, and producer
• 1952 - Antanas Mockus, Colombian mathematician and politician
• 1956 - Matthew Garber, British actor (d. 1977)
• 1960 - Idy Chan Yuk-Lin, Hong Kong actress
• 1960 - Steve Norman, British saxophonist (Spandau Ballet)
• 1962 - Marcia Cross, American actress
• 1964 - Lisa Gay Hamilton, American actress
• 1964 - Ken Wregget, Canadian hockey player
• 1964 - Alex Solis, Panamanian Thoroughbred Jockey
• 1965 - Sarah Jessica Parker, American actress
• 1965 - Stefka Kostadinova, Bulgarian high jumper and president of the Bulgarian Olympic committee
• 1966 - Tom Glavine, baseball player
• 1966 - Anton Rogan, Irish footballer
• 1966 - Jeff Healey, Canadian guitarist
• 1966 - Tatjana Patitz, German supermodel and actress
• 1967 - Matthew Barney, American media artist
• 1967 - Debi Thomas, American figure skater
• 1969 - Dale Davis, American basketball player
• 1971 - Cammi Granato, American hockey player
• 1974 - Lark Voorhies, American actress
• 1976 - Juvenile, American rapper
• 1976 - Wladimir Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1976 - Francis Bellew, Irish Gaelic Footballer, Crosmaglen and Armagh
• 1976 - Gigi Leung, Hong Kong singer and actress
• 1982 - Danica Patrick, American race car driver
• 1984 - Katharine McPhee, Season Five American Idol contestant
• 1987 - Nobunari Oda, Japanese figure skater
• 1989 - Alyson Michalka, American actress

Deaths

• circa 33 - Jesus, central figure in Christianity (traditional date) (b. circa BC 1)
• 752 - Pope-elect Stephen (died before taking office)
• 1005 - King Kenneth III of Scotland (in battle)
• 1223 - King Afonso II of Portugal (b. 1185)
• 1345 - Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, English politician (b. 1281)
• 1458 - Marqués de Santillana, Spanish poet (b. 1398)
• 1558 - Marcos de Niza, French Franciscan explorer
• 1603 - Ikoma Chikamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1526)
• 1609 - Olaus Martini, Swedish Archbishop of Uppsala (b. 1557)
• 1620 - Johannes Nucius, German composer
• 1625 - Giambattista Marini, Italian poet (b. 1569)
• 1712 - Nehemiah Grew, English naturalist (b. 1641)
• 1736 - Nicholas Hawksmoor, British architect
• 1738 - Turlough O'Carolan, Irish harper and composer (b. 1670)
• 1751 - King Frederick I of Sweden (b. 1676)
• 1801 - Novalis, German poet (b. 1772)
• 1860 - James Braid, Scottish surgeon (b. 1795)
• 1914 - Frédéric Mistral, French poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
• 1918 - Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
• 1951 - Eddie Collins, baseball player (b. 1887)
• 1957 - Max Ophüls, German-born director and writer (b. 1902)
• 1958 - Tom Brown, American musician (b. 1888)
• 1969 - Max Eastman, American writer (b. 1883)
• 1975 - King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (b. 1906)
• 1980 - Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (b. 1915)
• 1980 - Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist (b. 1901)
• 1980 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
• 1988 - Robert Joffrey, dancer, teacher, and choreographer (b. 1930)
• 1991 - Marcel Lefebvre, French Catholic leader (b. 1905)
• 1991 - Ben Moore, Australian Bass player for the band 'Electric Innocence'.
• 1992 - Nancy Walker, American actress (b. 1922)
• 1994 - Max Petitpierre, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1899)
• 1995 - James Coleman, American sociologist (b. 1926)
• 1995 - Krešimir Ćosić, Croatian basketball player (b. 1948)
• 1999 - Cal Ripken, Sr., baseball manager (b. 1936)
• 2000 - Helen Martin, American actress (b. 1909)
• 2002 - Kenneth Wolstenholme, British football commentator (b. 1920)
• 2006 - Buck Owens, American singer and television personality (b. 1929)
• 2006 - Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1944)

Holidays and observances

• In Christianity, March 25 is typically celebrated as the day of the Annunciation so long as it does not coincide with a Sunday or during Holy Week. (see below)
• Traditional date of the start of the new year in England and Wales, until the Calendar Act of 1752 (called Lady Day - see below).
• As the day falls close to the vernal equinox, similar to the way Christmas falls near the winter solstice, both days are regarded as one of the Quarter Days to Christians in the British Isles. (see below)
• Maryland Day.
• Greek Independence Day.
• Freedom Day in Belarus
• International Waffle Day in Sweden.
• The date of the passing of Sauron in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Many fans celebrate this day by throwing parties.

Liturgical feasts

• The Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Lady Day) - this date is nine months before Christmas Day.
• One of the four Irish Quarter days in the Irish calendar.
• Saint Dysmas, the 'Good Murderer'
• Saint Harold
• Saint Humbert
• Saint Izaak
• Saint Pelagius

External links

• On this day in Canada
• NY Times: On this day
• BBC: On This Day
• Today in History: March 25

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March 24 - March 26 - February 25 - April 25 -- listing of all days