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| tubeexits12 = {{decrease}} 47.75
| tubeexits12 = {{decrease}} 47.75
| tubeexits13 = {{increase}} 48.88
| tubeexits13 = {{increase}} 48.88
| listing_grade = I
| listing_detail = Entrance within <br/>[[Bank of England]] & <br/> Redundant entrance within [[St. Mary Woolnoth]]
| listing_start = 04 January 1950
| listing_entry = 1079134 (Bank)<ref name="eh_1079134">{{cite web | url=http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1079134 | title=BANK OF ENGLAND| work=National Heritage List for England | publisher=English Heritage }}</ref><br/> 1064620 (Church)<ref name="eh_1064620">{{cite web | url=http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1064620 | title=CHURCH OF ST MARY WOOLNOTH| work=National Heritage List for England | publisher=English Heritage }}</ref>
| access = yes
| access = yes
| access_note = (DLR only)<ref>{{Citation step free tube map}}</ref>
| access_note = (DLR only)<ref>{{Citation step free tube map}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:35, 27 July 2014

Bank and Monument London Underground Docklands Light Railway
Entrance at the Bank of England, by Bank junction
LocationKing William Street
Local authorityCity of London
Managed byLondon Underground
Number of platforms10
AccessibleYes(DLR only)[1]
Fare zone1
OSIBank: Cannon Street NR, Liverpool Street NR, Fenchurch Street Monument: Fenchurch Street[2]
London Underground annual entry and exit
2018Decrease 54.77 million[3]
2019Increase 61.79 million[4]
2020Decrease 7.03 million[5]
2021Increase 17.66 million[6]
2022Increase 34.41 million[7]
DLR annual boardings and alightings
2007–0821.603 million[8]
2008–09Decrease 19.390 million[8]
2010–11Increase 22.502 million[9]
2018Decrease 29.505 million[10]
2019Increase 30.497 million[11]
2020Decrease 8.594 million[12]
2021Increase 12.475 million[13]
2022included in Underground usage[14]
Key dates
1884 (1884)Opened (MICCR)
1898Opened (W&CR)
1900Opened (C&SLR)
1900Opened (CLR)
1933Bank-Monument
escalator link opened
1991Opened (DLR)
Listed status
Listed featureEntrance within
Bank of England &
Redundant entrance within St. Mary Woolnoth
Listing gradeI
Entry number1079134 (Bank)[15]
1064620 (Church)[16]
Added to list04 January 1950
Other information
External links
London transport portal

Bank and Monument are interlinked London Underground and Docklands Light Railway stations that form a public transport complex spanning the length of King William Street in the City of London. Bank station, named after the Bank of England, opened in 1900 at Bank junction and is served by the Central, Northern and Waterloo and City lines,[17] and the Docklands Light Railway. Monument station, named after the Monument to the Great Fire of London, opened in 1884 and is served by the District and Circle lines. The stations have been linked as an interchange since 1933.[17] The station complex is the one of the busiest on the London Underground network and is in fare zone 1.

In a 2013 poll conducted by YouGov, Bank was voted as the "Most Disliked" tube station in London.[18]

History

The Bank–Monument station complex was created by building links between several nearby stations constructed by different companies. The first station was opened by the Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway.

Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway, 1884

Monument Station, and the C&SLR's Template:LUL stations station, on an 1888 plan

The Metropolitan Railway (MR) and Metropolitan District Railway (MDR) had, by 1876, built most of the Inner Circle (now the Circle line), reaching Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations respectively. The companies were in dispute over the completion of the route as the MDR was struggling financially and the MR was concerned that completion would affect its revenues through increased competition from the MDR in the City area. City financiers keen to see the line completed, established the Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway in 1874 to link Mansion House to Aldgate. Forced into action, the MR bought out the company and it and the MDR began construction of the final section of the Inner Circle in 1879. The new section of railway included two new stations: Tower of London tube station and another located close to the Monument.

The station at Monument opened with the name "Eastcheap" on 6 October 1884, after the nearby street, and was renamed "The Monument" on 1 November 1884.[17] Initially, trains from both companies served the station on the Inner Circle service but other operational patterns have been used. The Inner Circle service achieved a separate identity as the Circle line in 1949 although its trains were still provided by the District or Metropolitan Lines.[17]

Waterloo & City Railway, 1898

The Waterloo & City Railway was built by the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) to link its terminus at Waterloo to the City. The station, with platforms under Queen Victoria Street and close to Mansion House, opened on 8 August 1898 as "City".[17]

The sloping passages to the platforms were later provided with one of the few sets of moving walkways on the whole underground system. Advertising at the Waterloo & City station often takes the form of large painted murals on the walls and ceilings of the sloped exits, forming one of the largest advertisements on the underground. The Waterloo and City line platforms were renamed "Bank" on 28 October 1940.[17]

City & South London Railway, 1900

The first station to be known as Bank opened on 25 February 1900 when the City & South London Railway (C&SLR, now part of the Northern line) opened its extension from Template:LUL stations to Template:LUL stations.[17] The earlier terminus of the line, Template:LUL stations, on a different tunnel alignment was closed at the same time.

The C&SLR had obtained permission to demolish the 18th century church of St Mary Woolnoth on the corner of Lombard Street and build a station (originally proposed to be named "Lombard Street") on the site. After public protest, the company changed its plans to build only a sub-surface ticket hall and lift entrance in the crypt of the church. This necessitated moving the bodies elsewhere, strengthening the crypt with a steel framework and underpinning the church's foundations. Unusually for stations later converted to escalators, the original lift access from the ticket hall is still in use.

Central London Railway, 1900

Central line train on the westbound platform.

The opening of the eastern terminus of the Central London Railway (CLR, now the Central line) at Bank followed on 30 July 1900.[17]

Bank and Monument shown on a 1908 Tube map. Bank was served by the Central London (blue) and City & South London (black) railways, while Monument was served by the Metropolitan (red) and District (green) railways.

As with the C&SLR, the high cost of property in the City, coupled with the presence of the Royal Exchange, the Bank of England, and Mansion House, meant that the station had to be built entirely underground. Permission was granted by the City of London Corporation for the station to be sited beneath the busy junction of roads meeting at this point on condition that public subways were provided to act as pedestrian road crossings. To avoid undermining the road above, the station's lifts were installed in separate lift shafts rather than paired two-per-shaft as usual.

To avoid wayleave payments to property owners and to lessen possible claims for damage during construction and operation, the CLR tunnels were directly under public streets. This caused the platforms under Threadneedle Street and Poultry to be so curved that one end of the platform cannot be seen from the other. East of Bank station the Central line tunnels have sharp curves to avoid the vaults of the Bank of England itself.

Due to the close proximity of the CLR, W&CR and C&SLR stations, and the non-competing directions of their services, their ticket halls were soon connected, but connection between the CLR and C&SLR platforms were made only when escalators were installed in the 1920s.

Monument link, 1933

The southern end of the C&SLR (by then part of the Edgware-Highgate-Morden line) platforms was close to those of Monument station and, on 18 September 1933, a connecting escalator link was opened.[17]

Docklands Light Railway, 1991

Statue of James Henry Greathead which was erected by Bank station in 1994.

The Docklands Light Railway built a tunnelled extension to platforms parallel to (but deeper than) the Northern line platforms which opened on 29 July 1991. The DLR platforms were connected at one end to the Central line and at the other to Monument station. A new link between the Waterloo & City and the Central line was excavated which uncovered part of one of the Greathead tunnelling shields used for the Waterloo and City line. This shield forms part of the new passageway, and passengers pass through when transferring between the two lines.

A picture showing the 1-foot (30 cm) gap between the train and the platform edge (delineated by the solid white line).

In January 1994 a statue of James Henry Greathead was erected outside the station, next to the Royal Exchange. It was unveiled by the Lord Mayor of London and is positioned on a plinth which hides a ventilation shaft for the Underground.

Notable events

On 11 January 1941, during the Blitz, 111 people were killed when a German bomb hit the booking hall, with the blast travelling down the stairs and escalators to the platforms.[19] The crater, measuring 120 by 100 feet (37 m × 30 m), was covered with a Bailey Bridge for the traffic to pass over. The station itself was closed for two months.

On 7 September 2003, Bank station was used for a disaster training exercise, Exercise Osiris, billed as "the most realistic live disaster exercise of its kind". The event, lasting several hours and involving about 500 police, fire brigade, ambulance and London Underground personnel, was intended to prepare the emergency services for mass decontamination in the event of a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear attack.[20]

Wall tiles at the station show the supporters of City of London coat of arms, combined with the Underground Roundel

Connections

London Buses Routes 8, 11, 15, 21, 23, 25, 26, 40, 43, 76, 133, 141, 242 and 388, Heritage Route 15 and Night Routes N8, N11, N21, N26, N76, N133, N550 and N551 serve the stations.

Future developments

The original station had lifts direct to the platforms, but when escalators were later cut through the shafts, access for the mobility-impaired was lost. The only parts of the station that are fully accessible are the DLR platforms, which have lifts from the street (via the rectory of St Mary Woolnoth church). At peak times, Bank is also one of the most congested stations on the Underground, so Transport for London (TfL) is transforming it significantly, removing some bottlenecks, and improving access. The station's 15 escalators are being replaced or refurbished[21] with a one-way system in operation in parts of the station.

A new entrance on Walbrook will provide new escalators and lifts to the Waterloo and City line platforms, while TfL is consulting on retunnelling and widening the Northern line platforms, and adding lifts and a new entrance on King William Street. If agreed, the work would be carried out from 2015 to 2021.[22]

It is also proposed to build a new tunnel to relocate the southbound Northern line platform. The northbound platform would then be extended back to give increased circulation space.[23] A similar exercise was carried out on the Northern line platforms at Angel and London Bridge stations.[24]

References

  1. ^ "Step free Tube Guide" (PDF). Transport for London. April 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2021.
  2. ^ "Out of Station Interchanges" (XLSX). Transport for London. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Station Usage Data" (CSV). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2018. Transport for London. 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2019. Transport for London. 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  5. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2020. Transport for London. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2021. Transport for London. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  7. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2022. Transport for London. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b Template:Citation DLR bat 1
  9. ^ Template:Citation DLR bat 2
  10. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2018. Transport for London. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  11. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2019. Transport for London. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2020. Transport for London. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  13. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2021. Transport for London. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  14. ^ "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2022. Transport for London. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  15. ^ "BANK OF ENGLAND". National Heritage List for England. English Heritage.
  16. ^ "CHURCH OF ST MARY WOOLNOTH". National Heritage List for England. English Heritage.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rose, Douglas (1999). The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History. Douglas Rose/Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-219-4.
  18. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22265099
  19. ^ "Tribute to Bank Tube station bomb victims of 1941". BBC. 11 January 2011.
  20. ^ "London undergoes terror test". BBC News. September 2003. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  21. ^ Bank and Monument the next steps
  22. ^ "London Underground showcases proposals to boost Bank's capacity". Transport for London. May 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  23. ^ Transport for London: Bank station capacity upgrade June 2014 consultation
  24. ^ HArvey, Dan C (September 2013). "More space at the bank". Modern Railways: 48.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bank and Monument stations.
  Bank  
Preceding station   London Underground   Following station
Template:LUL lines
Template:LUL lines
Bank branch
Template:LUL lines
Mondays to Saturdays only
Terminus
Preceding station   DLR   Following station
TerminusTemplate:DLR lines
  Monument  
Preceding station   London Underground   Following station
Template:LUL lines
Template:LUL lines
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