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A '''historical sovereign state''' is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising.
A '''historical sovereign state''' is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. The asserted [[sovereignty]] of some states listed here was generally unrecognized.


This page lists [[sovereign states]], [[country|countries]], [[nation]]s, or [[empire]]s that have ceased to exist as political entities, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.
This page lists [[sovereign states]], [[country|countries]], [[nation]]s, or [[empire]]s that have ceased to exist as political entities, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.

Revision as of 23:10, 7 August 2020

A historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. The asserted sovereignty of some states listed here was generally unrecognized.

This page lists sovereign states, countries, nations, or empires that have ceased to exist as political entities, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.

Criteria for inclusion

The criteria for inclusion in this list is similar to that of the List of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood and either:

  • had de facto control over a territory, a population, a government, a capacity to enter into relations with other states, or
  • have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.

For purposes of this list, the cutoff between medieval and early modern states is the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Ancient and medieval states

Modern states and territories by geography

Africa

See also: List of African Great Lakes kingdoms

Morocco (Maghreb al-Aksa)

Egypt, Sudan and Libya

Modern Algeria (Central Maghreb)

Comoro Islands

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Horn of Africa
Western Africa
African Great Lakes
Eastern Africa
Central Africa
Southern Africa

Asia

Central Asia

East Asia

West Asia

Afghanistan
Anatolia
Mesopotamia
Persia
Levant
Arabian Peninsula

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Caribbean

Anguilla

Cuba

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Grenada

Europe

See also: Former countries in Europe after 1815

Nordic countries

In the Nordic countries, unions were personal, not unitary

Modern France

Modern Germany

For the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly Kleinstaaterei) and nature that were part of the non-centralised Holy Roman Empire (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions), see List of states in the Holy Roman Empire.

Italy

See also: Historical states of Italy

Modern United Kingdom

Ireland

Medieval Ireland

Low Countries

Modern Poland

Ukraine

Crimea

Baltic countries and Belarus

Romania and Moldova

Russia

Hungary

Czech Republic and Slovakia

Balkans

Caucasus

Iberian Peninsula

North America

See also: Category:Former countries in North America

Canada

Costa Rica

Guatemala

Mexico

Nicaragua

United States

Oceania

South America

Argentina

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Paraguay

Peru

Uruguay

Venezuela

Modern states and territories by type

Dismembered countries

These states are now dissolved into a number of states, none of which retain the old name.

Nominally-independent homelands of South Africa

Four of the homelands, or bantustans, for black South Africans, were granted nominal independence by the apartheid regime of South Africa. Not recognised by other nations, these effectively were puppet states and were re-incorporated in 1994.

  • Bophuthatswana – Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994.
  • Ciskei – Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994.
  • Transkei – Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994.
  • Venda – Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.
  • Gazankulu – Declared independent in 1971, reincorporated in 1994.

Secessionist states

These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.

Annexed countries

These nations, once separate, are now part of another country. Cases of voluntary accession are included.

See also

References

  1. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas (1998). Mindaugas (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Žara. ISBN 9986-34-020-9.

Further reading

  • Berge, Bjørn. Nowherelands: An Atlas of Vanished Countries 1840–1975. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2017 ISBN 9780500519905 240p.
  • Harding, Les. Dead Countries of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Aden to Zululand. Scarecrow Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8108-3445-6
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