Jump to content

WLS (AM)

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Rudy2alan (talk | contribs) at 22:37, 23 December 2021 (correct bad grammar (outside and of are both prepositions)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For the Philippine radio station, see DWLS.

WLS
Broadcast areaChicago metropolitan area
Frequency890 kHz
Branding89 WLS
Programming
Language(s)English
FormatTalk radio
AffiliationsWestwood One
ABC News Radio
The Weather Channel
WLS-TV Chicago (news partnership)
Ownership
Owner
History
First air date
April 12, 1924; 100 years ago (1924-04-12)
Former call signs
WES (1924)[1]
Former frequencies
670 kHz (1924)[1][2][3]
870 kHz[1][2] (1924–41)[4]
Call sign meaning
Founded by Sears, the "World's Largest Store"
Technical information[5]
Licensing authority
FCC
Facility ID73227
ClassA (Clear channel)
Power50,000 watts
Transmitter coordinates
41°33′21.12″N 87°50′5.0″W / 41.5558667°N 87.834722°W / 41.5558667; -87.834722
Repeater(s)94.7 WLS-FM HD2 (Chicago)
Links
Public license information
WebcastListen live (via iHeartRadio)
Websitewww.wlsam.com

WLS (890 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Chicago, Illinois. Owned by Cumulus Media, through licensee Radio License Holdings LLC, the station airs a talk radio format. WLS has its radio studios in the NBC Tower on North Columbus Drive in the city's Streeterville neighborhood. Its non-directional broadcast tower is located on the southern edge of Tinley Park, Illinois.[3][6]

WLS is a Class A station broadcasting on the clear-channel frequency of 890 kHz with 50,000 watts using a Harris DX-50 transmitter. The station's daytime groundwave service contour covers portions of five states.[7] At night, its signal routinely reaches 38 states via skywave.[8] WLS participates in the Emergency Alert System's primary entry point network, serving that function for northern Illinois and western Indiana. The station's programming is also available to listeners in the Chicago metropolitan area with an HD Radio receiver via a simulcast on the HD2 digital subchannel of sister station WLS-FM.

History

Founded in 1924 by Sears, Roebuck and Company—with the call sign an abbreviation for Sears' "World Largest Store" slogan—WLS spent its early years as the radio outlet of the Prairie Farmer magazine. From 1928 until 1954, WLS shared their assigned frequency and overall broadcast operations with Blue Network-owned WENR until the Blue Network's successor, the American Broadcasting Company, merged WENR into WLS and eventually purchased it outright. The station's contemporary hit radio era from 1960 until 1989 saw WLS at a creative and ratings pinnacle headlined by personalities Dick Biondi, Larry Lujack, John Records Landecker and Bob Sirott. Since 1989, WLS has been a full-time talk radio outlet.

Sears ownership

In the 1920s, Sears, Roebuck and Company was a major retail and mail order company. To get farmers and people in rural communities to buy radio sets from its catalogs, Sears bought time on radio stations, and then decided to form its own station.[1] Just before the permanent station was ready, Sears began broadcasts on March 21, 1924, as WBBX with noon programs using the WMAQ studios.[1] WLS was one of the original 50,000-watt Class I-A clear-channel stations which did not share its original frequency of 870 kHz with any other station during nighttime hours, when AM radio signals can travel long distances via skywave.

Sears broadcast test transmissions from its own studios on April 9, 10 and 11, 1924, using the call sign WES (for "World's Economy Store").[1] Sears originally operated its station at the company's corporate headquarters on Chicago's West Side, which is also where the company's mail order business was located.[1] On April 12, 1924, the station commenced officially, using the call letters WLS (for "World's Largest Store"), and broadcasting from its new studios in the Sherman House Hotel in downtown Chicago.[1][9] The station's transmitter was originally located outside Crete, Illinois.[1][4] On April 19, the station aired its first National Barn Dance.[1] Harriet Lee was a WLS staff singer as part of the Harmony Team in the late 1920s.[10] The popular contralto singer also played "Aunt May" on the Children's Hour show. The station shared time on the frequency with WCBD until November 11, 1928, at which point it began sharing time with WENR.[11]

Prairie Farmer ownership

The Prairie Farmer Building, home to WLS's studios from 1930 to 1960.
WLS's transmitter building in Tinley Park

Sears opened the station in 1924 as a service to farmers and subsequently sold it to the Prairie Farmer magazine in 1928.[12][4] The station moved to the Prairie Farmer Building on West Washington in Chicago, where it remained for 32 years.[13] For a few months after ABC's 1960 purchase of it and the format change, the "bright new sound" that began in May 1960 was broadcast from the Prairie Farmer Building. WLS didn't make the move to downtown Michigan Avenue's Stone Container Building, located at 360 North Michigan Avenue, until October of that year.[14] Thirty years later, it would move once more, to 190 North State in downtown Chicago.[15][16] It was the scene of the National Barn Dance, which featured Gene Autry, Pat Buttram, and George Gobel, and which was second only to the Grand Ole Opry (itself a local National Barn Dance spinoff) in presenting country music and humor.[17][18]

The station also experimented successfully in many forms of news broadcasting, including weather and crop reports. Its most famous news broadcast was the eyewitness report of the Hindenburg disaster by Herbert Morrison.[19] Morrison and engineer Charles Nehlsen had been sent to New Jersey by WLS to cover the arrival of the Hindenburg for delayed broadcast. Their recordings aired the next day on May 7, 1937,[20] the first time that recordings of a news event were ever broadcast.

In the fall of 1937, the station was one of several Chicago radio stations to donate airtime to Chicago Public Schools for a pioneering program in which the school district provided elementary school students with distance education amid a polio outbreak-related school closure.[21]

Blue Network

Starting in the 1930s, WLS was an affiliate of the Blue Network of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC),[22] and as such aired the popular Fibber McGee and Molly and Lum and Abner comedy programs (both produced at the studios of Chicago's NBC-owned stations, WENR and WMAQ) during their early years. When the Federal Communications Commission forced NBC to sell the Blue Network, WLS maintained its affiliation with the network under its new identity, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).[23] Under this affiliation, some programs from the network that were not commercially sponsored or which were scheduled to cross the time that WLS and WENR shifted its use of the same frequency (such as baseball or football games) were transferred to air on a third Blue Network/ABC affiliate in Chicago, WCFL. Blue/ABC network broadcasts of addresses by labor leaders were also shifted away from WLS and WENR to WCFL, which was owned at the time by the Chicago Federation of Labor.

In 1931, the station's power was increased from 5,000 watts to 50,000 watts, and the station began sharing the transmitter of WENR near Downers Grove, Illinois.[4][24] In 1938, the station's transmitter was moved to Tinley Park, Illinois.[4]

WENR

WENR has its origins in a 10-watt station started in late 1924 by E. N. Rauland, whose company manufactured the All-American brand of radios.[25] On March 19, 1925, he received his license for WENR broadcasting 100 watts at 1130 kHz.[26][27][25] By fall 1925, WENR was using a 1,000-watt transmitter designed by Rauland himself.[25][28] The station shared time on the frequency with WBCN, owned at that time by the Southtown Economist newspaper.[28] By 1927, the two stations had changed frequencies to 1040 kHz.[29]

By 1927, Chicago investor Samuel Insull had purchased both stations, through his company Great Lakes Broadcasting.[30] On September 1, 1928, WBCN was discontinued, and WENR began full-time operations on the frequency.[11] In November 1928, the station once more changed frequencies, this time to 870 kHz, sharing time with WLS, and it became the first Chicago radio station operating 50,000 watts of power from a new transmitter in Downers Grove, Illinois.[11] Insull moved his stations first into Chicago's Strauss Building,[31] and then to his own Civic Opera Building.[32]

In 1931, WENR was sold to the National Broadcasting Company for approximately $1 million.[33] The station became part of NBC's Blue Network.[22][34] NBC moved WENR's studios to the Merchandise Mart, its Chicago headquarters.[22][34]

In the fall of 1937, the station was one of several Chicago radio stations to donate airtime to Chicago Public Schools for a pioneering program in which the school district provided elementary school students with distance education amid a polio outbreak-related school closure.[21]

Changes were made regarding AM frequencies in 1941 as a result of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement; this moved WENR and WLS from 870 to 890 kHz.[35] In August 1943, NBC was ordered to divest itself of the Blue Network and its stations; WENR and Blue were sold to Edward J. Noble. In 1945 the Blue Network would be renamed as the American Broadcasting Company.[36] The station continued on at the Mart, as NBC's tenant, until 1952 when it moved back to the Civic Opera House.[34] Paul Harvey worked as an evening newscaster on WENR from 1944 to 1951.[37][38]

ABC ownership

1954 station logo

WENR and WLS used the same frequencies in a time-sharing arrangement until 1954, when ABC (then known as American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres) bought a 50 percent interest in WLS and combined the stations.[1][39]

In November 1959, ABC announced its purchase of Prairie Farmer and its half of WLS, giving ABC full ownership of the station.[40]

The WLS Musicradio era

On May 2, 1960, at 6 a.m., WLS went with a full-time Top 40 format.[41][42] Mort Crowley was the first disc jockey under the new format, and the first song played was "Alley-Oop" by The Hollywood Argyles, four weeks before it debuted on the Hot 100.[42][43] The station's jingles were sung by the Anita Kerr Singers.[44][14]

Ralph Beaudin was the station's president and general manager, and oversaw the station's transformation into a Top 40 station.[14][44][45] Sam Holman was the station's program director and an afternoon DJ.[14][45] Beaudin and Holman were both brought in from KQV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[44][45] Ed Grennan, an announcer on the station since 1959, was retained as a DJ under the new format.[14][46][44][47] Star disc jockey Dick Biondi, a 1998 inductee into the National Radio Hall of Fame, was brought in from WEBR in Buffalo, New York.[48][49][44] Biondi remained on the station until 1963.[50] Other DJs who were brought in for the station's new format included Bob Hale from WIRL in Peoria, Illinois, Gene Taylor from WOKY in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Mort Crowley from WADO in New York City, and Jim Dunbar from WDSU in New Orleans, Louisiana.[44][49]

In October 1960, Art Roberts joined the station as a DJ, having previously worked at WKBW in Buffalo, New York.[51][52] Clark Weber joined the station as a DJ, remaining with the station until 1969.[53] In 1963, Ron "Ringo" Riley joined the station as a DJ, having previously worked at WHK in Cleveland, Ohio.[14][50][54] Dex Card joined the station in 1964, and hosted the Silver Dollar Survey countdown until 1967, the longest of the show's hosts.[55] In 1967, Larry Lujack joined WLS as a DJ, four months after he had started at the station's top competitor WCFL.[14][56] Lujack returned to WCFL in 1972, but rejoined WLS in 1976, remaining with the station until 1987.[57][56] In 1972, John Records Landecker joined WLS, remaining with the station until 1981.[58][59] Landecker returned to WLS in 1986, and remained with the station until its format was changed in 1989.[60][57][54][61] Tommy Edwards joined the station as production director in 1972, becoming program director one year later, and later becoming a mid-day DJ.[62][63][54][64] Bob Sirott joined WLS in June 1973, remaining with the station until December 1979.[65][66]

Other DJs on WLS during its top 40 era included Chuck Buell, Kris Erik Stevens, Joel Sebastian, Gary Gears, Jerry Kay, Yvonne Daniels,[67] Brant Miller, Tom Kent,[57] Steve King, Jeff Davis and Fred Winston.[14][54] Some of the production directors responsible for the sound of WLS were Ray Van Steen, Hal Widsten, Jim Hampton, Bill Price and Tommy Edwards.

WLS weekly Silver Dollar Survey, distributed free via record stores, was retitled Silver Beatle Survey during the height of Beatlemania

In the 1960s, WLS was a major force in introducing new music and recording artists. The first US airplay of a record by The Beatles ("Please Please Me") was on Dick Biondi's show on February 8, 1963.[68][69][70]

WLS was voted by broadcasters nationally as "The Station of the Year" in 1967, 1968 and 1969. John Rook was named "Program Director of the Year" in 1968 and 1969 as WLS was estimated attracting 4.2 million listeners weekly by Pulse research.[71]

WLS disk jockeys at a Frisbee promotion, 1972. From left: Bill Bailey, Chuck Knapp, Charlie Van Dyke, Fred Winston and John Records Landecker.

WLS also produced the weekly Silver Dollar Survey[72][73] from October 14, 1960, to December 22, 1967, broken by the Silver Beatle Survey on February 21, 1964 (see picture to the right) and the Super Summer Survey from May 5, 1967, to August 25, 1967. The survey nominally contained 40 current listings, except for occasional weeks when it contained fewer current listings, usually 20, plus a special listing of greatest oldies. From 18 September 1964 through 25 December 1964, the survey consisted of the top 30 pop hits, followed by the top 10 R&B hits. Thereafter, the survey changed its name numerous times (89 WLS Hit Parade, 89 WLS Chicagoland Hit Parade, WLS Musicradio 89, etc.).[74] Starting with the July 20, 1970 survey, the number of listings dropped from 40 to 30, then varying from 25 to 40 starting June 26, 1972, then dropping to 15 by March 9, 1974, then increasing to a high of 45 by the end of 1975. No "take home" surveys were printed from March 13, 1972, through July 16, 1973 (these were limited to one poster-size weekly survey displayed at record shops).[75] The year-end listing was the 20 greatest hits of the year for each year from 1963 through 1966, increased to 89 from 1967 onward.[76]

Like many AM radio stations of the seventies, WLS edited many of the songs they played into a more "radio-friendly" or "radio edit" (a term still used today) format, usually 3–4 minutes in length. Other special editions of some Top 40 songs exclusively made for their broadcasting were done by the musicians themselves or sometimes by the WLS audio engineers. An example of these included Reunion's 1974 song "Life Is a Rock (But the Radio Rolled Me)". Reunion changed the song's lyrics from "Life is a rock but the radio rolled me" to "Life is a rock/WLS rolled me".[77] A similar version was made for competitor WCFL.[77] Another "WLS-only" version was a combination of Captain and Tennille's "Love Will Keep Us Together" and "Por Amor Viviremos", which featured alternating English and Spanish vocals.[78]

By the mid-1970s, WLS became conservative about introducing new songs, and many record promoters referred to the station as the "World's Last Station" to add new releases for airplay,[79] usually only after the songs had reached the top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. However, in 1974, the station started playing the track "Lady" by the Chicago band Styx from an older album of theirs, resulting in other stations around the country adding the song and making the track Styx' first national Top 40 hit.[80]

During the 1970s WLS ran a Sunday night music interview program called "Musicpeople."[81][82]

In 1984, Steve Dahl and Garry Meier's program was moved to WLS from WLS-FM, over the objections of the duo, who attempted to have their contract declared invalid.[83][57] Nevertheless, Dahl and Meier drew higher ratings on WLS than they had on WLS-FM.[84][57] Dahl and Meier left WLS in 1986, returning to WLUP.[85][86]

Well into the 1980s, WLS continued as a mainstream Top 40 formatted station.[87] However, beginning in 1985, the station would begin to undergo major changes. In January 1985, the station began airing Sex Talk on Sunday nights, hosted by Phyllis Levy, a sex therapist.[88] By 1988, WLS was airing adult contemporary music, liberally laced with oldies and standards, with talk programming at night.[57][54][89] During the 1980s Les Grobstein was hired as the first and only full-time Sports Director of WLS and broke the story of Cub Manager Lee Elia's famous tirade on April 29, 1983, after a loss to the Dodgers, which included 54 profanities.

Talkradio era

WLS logo for its early Talk Radio years.

In June 1989, WLS announced it was going all-talk by the end of the summer.[90] Rumors were that the change was to happen September 1. Air personalities were becoming more talk-intensive anyway and midday talk was added as well. But quietly, with no warning, on August 23, 1989, at 7 P.M., WLS stopped playing music altogether.[57][91] Phil Duncan was the last DJ to play music on WLS, and as Duncan finished up his show, a voice in the back of the studio (that of then-WYTZ worker Steven Craig) was heard saying "Goodnight!" (Craig unknowingly (and unofficially) became the last live voice on Musicradio WLS.) Appropriately, the last song was "Just You 'n' Me" by Chicago.[57][91] WLS then became a talk station, with Sally Jesse Raphael as its first host.[57] In the beginning of the talk format, WLS featured high-rated talk talents from around the country, such as Bob Lassiter from Tampa Bay, Stacy Taylor from San Diego and the station's biggest hit, Rush Limbaugh out of New York.[92] After a few years, however, Lassiter, Taylor and some of their other national hosts were dropped in favor of more local hosts. Jay Marvin also had several stints on WLS, where he was one of the few liberal voices on its political talk shows, which had mostly conservative viewpoints. The station iserved as the "flagship" broadcast outlet for the Sunday night, national political talk show, Beyond the Beltway with Bruce DuMont.[93]

By 1992, WLS had such low ratings that ABC's national management was planning on flipping the station to a satellite-fed country format (management went so far as to distribute an all-staff memo and hosts being told they were about to be let go). However, in what was described as an "eleventh hour decision", ABC cancelled the planned format change due to convincing from local management. Throughout the 1990s, ratings began to grow, with the station occasionally ranked in the Top 10.[94]

On Memorial Day, 2007, WLS took a cue from sister station WABC and ran a special day of musical programming, "The Big 89 Rewind," featuring live visits from Larry Lujack, Tommy Edwards,[95] Fred Winston, Chris Shebel, Jeff Davis, John Records Landecker, Tom Kent, and other D.J.s, sounders, and airchecks from the Musicradio era.[96] The broadcasts re-aired on Independence Day 2007, and there was a new Rewind in 2008.[97]

Cumulus ownership

ABC-owned radio stations which were not affiliated with ESPN Radio or Radio Disney, including WLS, were sold to Citadel Broadcasting on June 12, 2007, with Citadel licensing the name ABC Radio for 2 years after the sale.[98][99][100] Citadel was bought by Cumulus Media on September 16, 2011.[101]

Cumulus Media terminated its affiliation with overnight radio program "Coast to Coast AM" on many of its stations, including WLS. In the spring of 2012, it began airing its own "Red Eye Radio."

Longtime morning show hosts Don and Roma Wade retired in December 2012. They had been off the air since October due to Don Wade's cancer treatments. On September 6, 2013, Don Wade died of a brain tumor.[102]

Cumulus radio stations made their final break with ABC at the end of 2014, when they no longer carried ABC News Radio. WLS and most Cumulus news/talk stations began running Westwood One News on January 1, 2015. (Westwood One is a Cumulus subsidiary.) This lasted until August 30, 2020, when Westwood One shuttered its news service, and as of August 31, 2020, the station is once again affiliated with ABC News Radio.

In January 2017, WLS and WLS-FM moved from its 190 N. State Street studios to its new studios in NBC Tower on North Columbus Drive in Streeterville.[103][104] In addition, the station became the new affiliate of NBC News Radio. On January 2, 2017, the station added the on-air team of Bob Sirott and Marianne Murciano from WGN (AM); the former marking his return to WLS for the first time since 1980.[105] However, Sirott and Murciano were cut from the station's lineup, beginning January 1, 2018.[106]

Sports

On June 23, 2015, WLS announced that the station had picked up broadcasting rights for Chicago White Sox baseball starting with the 2016 season. In addition, WLS had also picked up broadcasting rights for the Chicago Bulls, beginning with the 2016-17 NBA season.[107] Due to Cumulus's January 2018 Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the carriage rights were terminated in the filing; the Bulls moved to WSCR with immediate effect at the start of February, with the White Sox shifting to WGN several weeks later.[108]

In the 2015–16 season, WLS carried Notre Dame Fighting Irish college football and basketball games.[109][110] In 2016, Notre Dame moved to AM 1000 WMVP.[109][110]

Programming

Talk shows

Weekdays on WLS, two local talk show hosts are heard: Bruce St. James is in morning drive time and John Howell hosts late afternoons. The rest of the weekday schedule consists of nationally syndicated conservative talk shows from co-owned Westwood One: Chris Plante, Dan Bongino, The Ben Shapiro Show, The Mark Levin Show, Red Eye Radio and America in the Morning.

Weekends feature shows on money, health, real estate, technology, travel and cars. Syndicated weekend shows include Kim Komando and Ric Edelman, as well as repeats of weekday shows. Some weekend hours are paid brokered programming. Most hours begin with world and national news from ABC News Radio.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "The Beginning". The History of WLS Radio. Scott Childers. March 2, 2010. Archived from the original on January 19, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "New Radiotelephone Stations Operating in Chicago". The New York Times. June 1, 1924. Archived from the original on January 19, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  3. ^ a b pmg / NzeroNNK (November 24, 2004). "WLS/890 and Larry Lujack". Archived from the original on July 12, 2008. Retrieved July 30, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e History Cards for WLS, fcc.gov. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  5. ^ "Facility Technical Data for WLS". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
  6. ^ Moss, Brett (November 14, 2013). "A Celebration for the WLS Tower". radioworld.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  7. ^ "0.5 mV/m Daytime Groundwave Service Contour [WLS, 890 kHz, Chicago, IL]". fcc.gov. Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  8. ^ Childers, Scott (2008). Chicago's WLS Radio. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia. p. 83. ISBN 9780738561943.
  9. ^ "WLS, Chicago Celebrates 89th Anniversary with Special Event", Talkers Magazine. April 12, 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  10. ^ "Gifted Blonde Belle Real Air Veteran". Pottsville Republican. May 29, 1930 – via Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  11. ^ a b c Hearings Before the United States Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce. Commission on Communications. United States Government Print Office. May 8, 1929. p. 126-129. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  12. ^ "The Prairie Farmer Days". The History of WLS Radio. Scott Childers. May 6, 2010. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  13. ^ "A look at the floor plan for the WLS studios in the Prairie Farmer Building-Studio A and its control room are still intact today". Richsamuels.com. February 23, 1967. Archived from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Childers, Scott."WLS The Bright Sound of Chicago Radio", The History of WLS Radio. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  15. ^ "WLS Talkradio 89: The Talk of Chicago". The History of WLS Radio. Scott Childers. March 2, 2010. Archived from the original on September 25, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
  16. ^ "WLS move to 190 North State-1990". Fybush.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  17. ^ Childers, Scott, ed. (2008), Chicago's WLS Radio, Arcadia Publishing, pp. 11–59, ISBN 9780738561943
  18. ^ "WLS History-National Barn Dance". Wlshistory.com. April 19, 1924. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  19. ^ "audio file of Herbert Morrison's account of the Hindenburg Disaster for WLS". Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  20. ^ Childers, Scott (2008). Chicago's WLS Radio (Images of America: Illinois). Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 40. ISBN 9780738561943.
  21. ^ a b Strauss, Valerie; Hines, Michael. "Perspective | In Chicago, schools closed during a 1937 polio epidemic and kids learned from home — over the radio". Washington Post. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  22. ^ a b c Broadcasting 1935 Yearbook, Broadcasting. 1935. p. 29. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  23. ^ Broadcasting 1946 Yearbook, Broadcasting. 1946. p. 98. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  24. ^ "NBC Acquires WENR", Richsamuels.com. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  25. ^ a b c Eastmond, Bruce, Karen Fishman, and Suzanne Adamko. "Chapter 2: E. N. Rauland's Vision". WENR, "The Voice of Service": Chicago Radio Broadcasting Station 1924–1954. Library of American Broadcasting. Archived from the original on June 20, 2007. Retrieved September 5, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Radio Progress. August 15, 1925. p. 40. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  27. ^ Radio Age. August 1925. p. 100. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  28. ^ a b Citizen's Radio Callbook: A Complete Radio Cyclopedia. Vol. 6. No. 2. Fall 1925. p. 16-18. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  29. ^ Annual Report of the Federal Radio Commission to the Congress of the United States. Federal Radio Commission. June 30, 1927. p. 57. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  30. ^ "Insull Plans to Construct Super Station", Southtown Economist. September 9, 1927. p. 6. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  31. ^ Radio Listeners Guide and Call Book. Vol. 2, No. 3. December 1927. p. 33. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  32. ^ A Souvenir from WENR. WENR. 1931. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  33. ^ "NBC Pays Million to Obtain WENR", Detroit Free Press. July 5, 1931. p. 7. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  34. ^ a b c Samuels, Rich. "The Nineteenth Floor-Merchandise Mart-1942". Samuels, Rich. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
  35. ^ WLS Radio (March 1941). "After March 29 WLS Changes to a New Place on Your Radio Dial". Radio Varieties. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
  36. ^ "WENR-KYW Station Papers finding aid". Library of American Broadcasting. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
  37. ^ Sterling, Christopher H. (2013). Biographical Encyclopedia of American Radio. Routledge. p. 167. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  38. ^ Fisher, Marc (October 1998). "A Lifetime on the Radio". American Journalism Review. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
  39. ^ "WLS, WENR Chicago Merge – Now WLS" (PDF). Broadcasting - Telecasting. February 8, 1954. p. 52. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  40. ^ "AB-PT Buys Rest of WLS; Purchases Prairie Farmer Publishing Empire" (PDF). Broadcasting. November 23, 1959. p. 76. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  41. ^ Zorn, Eric. "Old Discs, Jocks Dusted Off In Honor Of Oldies", Chicago Tribune. April 11, 1985. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  42. ^ a b "Rock Radio Scrapbook-Changes". Rockradioscrapbook.ca. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  43. ^ The Hot 100 for the week of May 30, 1960, Billboard.com. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  44. ^ a b c d e f "Chi's WLS Launches New Program Format". Billboard. May 9, 1960. p. 11. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  45. ^ a b c Childers, Scott."WLS' 50th Anniversary of Rock 'n Roll", The History of WLS Radio. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  46. ^ McCann, Tom. "Ed Grennan, Fixture Of Chicago Radio, TV", Chicago Tribune. August 26, 2000. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  47. ^ Childers, Scott."Ed Grennan 1922-2000", The History of WLS Radio. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  48. ^ "Chicago Museum of Broadcasting History-Dick Biondi Hall of Fame Induction 1998". Museum.tv. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  49. ^ a b "This Week In...May 5, 1960" (PDF). Mr. Pop History. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  50. ^ a b Biro, Nick. "Biondi Out in Chi, Mulls Other Offers", Billboard. June 1, 1963. pp. 4, 46. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  51. ^ Bundy, June. "Vox Jox", Billboard. October 17, 1960. p. 23. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  52. ^ "Art Roberts' website". Artroberts.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  53. ^ Nidetz, Steve. "Sunday `Mass' Looking Again For A Tv Station", Chicago Tribune. November 13, 1994. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  54. ^ a b c d e Childers, Scott."The WLS Schedule: 1960-1990", The History of WLS Radio. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  55. ^ Childers, Scott."The WLS Survey", The History of WLS Radio. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  56. ^ a b "Larry Lujack-Radio Hall of Fame-Inducted 2004". Radiohof.org. 2004. Archived from the original on January 13, 2005. Retrieved November 13, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i Childers, Scott."WLS AM Stereo 89 - The Rock of Chicago", The History of WLS Radio. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  58. ^ Kening, Dan. "`Big 89' Star John Landecker Back On The Air At WJMK", Chicago Tribune. January 11, 1994. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  59. ^ Feder, Robert "Legendary DJ Landecker quits WLS FM", Robert Feder. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  60. ^ Freeman, Kim. "Vox Jox", Billboard. March 22, 1986. p. 26. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  61. ^ "10 Questions with ... John Records Landecker", All Access Music Group. March 19, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  62. ^ Childers, Scott."WLS Musicradio", The History of WLS Radio. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  63. ^ Ross, Sean. "First Look: WRLL Chicago — An Interview with Tommy Edwards". Edison Research. Archived from the original on October 28, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  64. ^ Feder, Robert. "Tommy Edwards signing off on a legendary career", Robert Feder. September 5, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  65. ^ "Bob Sirott’s first broadcast on WLS from June 8, 1973, Chicago Ribfest, the Bannos Brothers, plus more!", WLS. June 9, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  66. ^ Childers, Scott (2008). Chicago's WLS Radio. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 94. ISBN 9780738561943.
  67. ^ "Yvonne Daniels, Radio Hall of Fame". Radio Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on March 15, 2009. Retrieved June 10, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  68. ^ Billboard February 23, 1963 Most Disc Execs Swear By (not at) Chi's Dick Biondi-pages 4 and 8. February 23, 1963. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  69. ^ Miles, Barry, ed. (2009), The British Invasion: The Music, the Times, the Era, Sterling, p. 55, ISBN 978-1-4027-6976-4, retrieved April 27, 2010
  70. ^ "Who played the first Beatles record in America?". Forgotten hits. Archived from the original on April 25, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  71. ^ "The big 89-WLS from "Passing Thru" by John Rook". Johnrook.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  72. ^ "WLS Surveys". Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
  73. ^ "ARSA Survey Search: WLS (starting with the first survey, on October 14, 1960 survey)". Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
  74. ^ "Jeff Roteman's WLS Website – WLS Survey Page". Archived from the original on July 21, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
  75. ^ "List of WLS Surveys 1971 through 1986". Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
  76. ^ "The WLS Big 89 Countdown!". Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
  77. ^ a b "'Life Is A Rock' - WCFL & WLS Versions", Chicagoland Radio and Media. March 7, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  78. ^ "Captain & Tennille scored the song of the summer 40 years ago", MeTV. August 12, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  79. ^ Denver, Joel. "Chicago's Five-Way Battle", Radio & Records. August 3, 1984. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  80. ^ Van Matre, Lynn. "The Sweet Smell Of Success March 16, 1975", Chicago Tribune. May 28, 2000. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  81. ^ "Musicpeople", The History of WLS Radio. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  82. ^ "Vox Jox", Billboard. November 16, 1974. p. 45. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  83. ^ McCormick, Moira. "Dahl, Meier Back On Air At WLS-AM", Billboard. October 20, 1984. p. 14. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  84. ^ Zorn, Eric. "Dahl, Meier Pull WLS-AM Up To 7th In Ratings", Chicago Tribune. April 18, 1985. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  85. ^ McCormick, Moira. "Chicago's 'Bad Boy' Returning to WLUP", Billboard. February 1, 1986. p. 15. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  86. ^ Terry, Clifford. "Dahl-Meier, WLS Just Don't Match", Chicago Tribune. February 20, 1986. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  87. ^ Broadcasting/Cablecasting Yearbook 1985, Broadcasting/Cablecasting, 1985. p. B-80. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  88. ^ Anderson, Liz. "Sex Is Her Business", Chicago Tribune. September 11, 1985. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  89. ^ Broadcasting/Cablecasting Yearbook 1988, Broadcasting/Cablecasting, 1988. p. B-85. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  90. ^ "Radio stars will fall as WLS turns to 'hot talk' format". highbeam.com. June 22, 1989. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  91. ^ a b Smith, Ronald P. (2002). Chicago Top 40 Charts 1980-1990. p. xi. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  92. ^ "WLS-AM tries to talk its way out of radio 'wasteland'". highbeam.com. September 7, 1989. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  93. ^ "Bruce DuMont-Beyond the Beltway". WLS Radio 890AM. Archived from the original on February 11, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  94. ^ "WLS Talkradio 89 - The Talk Of Chicago". www.wlshistory.com. Archived from the original on October 27, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  95. ^ "audio file-Lujack and Edwards-"The Big 89 Rewind" May 28, 2007". Reelradio.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  96. ^ "YouTube video of Big 89 Rewind-2007". Youtube. August 2, 2007. Archived from the original on June 12, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  97. ^ "YouTube video of WLS Rewind 2008". Youtube. September 11, 2008. Archived from the original on June 12, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  98. ^ "Disney-February 6, 2006-ABC Radio To Merge With Citadel Broadcasting". Corporate.disney.go.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  99. ^ "Disney June 12, 2007-Disney and Citadel Announce Completion of ABC Radio Merger". Corporate.disney.go.com. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  100. ^ "Over and out; ABC ends 47-year run as new owners take over legendary radio stations". highbeam.com. June 13, 2007. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  101. ^ "Cumulus now owns Citadel Broadcasting". Atlanta Business Journal. September 16, 2011. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  102. ^ Smith, Mitch (September 9, 2013). "Longtime radio host Don Wade dies at 72". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  103. ^ Feder, Robert. "Cumulus Media moving to NBC Tower", Robert Feder. November 18, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  104. ^ Greenhouse, Mark. "Cumulus Emphasizes Style in the Windy City", Radio. January 18, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  105. ^ Feder, Robert. "They’re back: WLS hires Sirott & Murciano for midday show", Robert Feder. December 13, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  106. ^ Feder, Robert. "Sirott & Murciano cut from new WLS talk lineup", Robert Feder. December 13, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  107. ^ Feder, Robert (July 16, 2015). "Double play: WLS signs radio deals for White Sox, Bulls". robertfeder.com. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  108. ^ "WGN Inks Multiyear Rights Deal With Chicago White Sox". insideradio.com. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  109. ^ a b "Notre Dame Basketball". WLS Radio. Archived from the original on March 2, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  110. ^ a b "Notre Dame Football". WLS Radio. Archived from the original on February 8, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to WLS (AM).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WLS_(AM)&oldid=1061778713"