iPhone 4
The iPhone 4 (Template:Pron-en EYE-fohn-fohr) is a slate smartphone designed and developed by Apple. It is the fourth generation of iPhone, and successor to the iPhone 3GS. It is particularly marketed for video calling, and consumption of media such as books and periodicals, movies, music, and games; and for general web and e-mail access. It was announced on June 7, 2010 at the WWDC 2010 at the Moscone Center, San Francisco,[1] and was released on June 24, 2010 in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan.
The iPhone 4 runs Apple's iOS operating system, the same operating system as used on previous iPhones, the iPad, and the iPod Touch. It is primarily controlled by a user's fingertips on the multi-touch display, which is sensitive to fingertip contact. Without modification, the iPhone restricts users from running any software that is not explicitly approved by Apple and distributed via its App Store.
The most noticeable difference between the iPhone 4 and its predecessors is the new design, which incorporates a stainless steel frame that acts as the device's antenna. The internal components of the device are situated between two panels of chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass.[2] It has an Apple A4 processor and 512 MB of eDRAM, twice that of its predecessor and four times that of the original iPhone. Its 3.5 inches (89 mm) LED backlit liquid crystal display with an increased 960-by-640 pixel resolution is marketed as the "Retina Display". Many iPhone 4 buyers, especially those who are left-handed, have reported signal reduction when the phone is held in certain ways. The company has offered customers a free case until September 30, 2010, or a refund within 30 days of purchase.[3]
History
Prototypes
Prior to the official unveiling of the iPhone 4 on June 7, 2010, two prototypes were brought to mainstream media, breaching Apple's normally secretive development process. Many of the speculations regarding technical specifications proved accurate.
Gizmodo
On April 19, 2010, gadget website Gizmodo reported that they had purchased an iPhone prototype for $5000, and furthermore, had conducted a product teardown of the device. The prototype is reported to have been lost by an Apple software engineer in Redwood City, California.[4] Shortly after Gizmodo published detailed information about the prototype, Apple's legal associates formally requested for the phone to be returned to Apple, and Gizmodo responded with the intent to cooperate.[5] On April 22, officers from the Rapid Enforcement Allied Computer Team (REACT) task force of the California HTTAP Program raided the home of Jason Chen, the Gizmodo editor responsible for reviewing the prototype, seizing all computers and electronic media in the house.[6] The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the raid as violating journalist source protection laws that forbid the seizure of journalist computers as well as the suspicion that Apple had used its influence as a member of the steering committee which is charged with direction and oversight of the California REACT task force to push police into action in a way that would not normally be conducted for this type of incident. Apple had already received the iPhone prototype prior to the raid when it was returned by Gizmodo.[7] The District Attorney has stated that the investigation has been suspended, and discontinued searching through the Gizmodo editor's belongings as they determine whether the shield laws are applicable, and cautioned that no charges have been issued at this point.[8][9]
Taoviet
A second prototype was published on a Vietnamese website, Taoviet, on May 12, 2010.[10] It was almost identical to the first, and used an A4 chip manufactured by Apple.[11] The website purchased the prototype for $4,000.[12] DigiTimes reported that screen resolution of the new phone is 960-by-640, which was confirmed by Apple at the iPhone 4's official announcement.
Release
The iPhone 4 was made available for pre-order on 15 June 2010. Customers attempting to pre-order the iPhone 4 reported problems with the pre-order process on the U.S. and U.K. online Apple Stores which crashed due to the surge in traffic.[13] The same issue was reported with AT&T and SoftBank, Apple's exclusive partners in the United States and Japan respectively, who suspended advance sales of the iPhone 4 as demand threatened to exceed supply.[14] Retail stores were also unable to complete pre-order transactions due to the servers crashing.[15] Apple and its partner carriers received 600,000 pre-orders for the iPhone 4 in the first 24 hours, the largest number of pre-orders Apple has received in a single day for any device.[16] Engadget reported that at 20:30 UTC, all iPhone 4 pre-order suppliers had sold out.[17]
On 24 June 2010, Apple issued a statement that the white iPhone 4 models were proving more "challenging to manufacture" than expected, and pushed the release date back to the second half of July.[18]
At a press conference at Apple's Cupertino headquarters on 16 July 2010, Steve Jobs confirmed that the iPhone 4 will continue with its expected launch in seventeen additional countries on 30 July 2010:
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The availability of the iPhone 4 in these countries was previously announced at a keynote held at the WWDC 2010, with the omission of South Korea, due to a delay in the preparation for regulatory approval, which includes the testing of the devices radio wave usage. KT, Apple's exclusive partner in South Korea, will now launch the iPhone 4 in the coming months.[19]
The device was initially popular with 1.7 million iPhone 4s being sold on its first three days of availability.[20]
Design
The iPhone 4 features a redesigned structure, designed by Jonathan Ive. Most notably, the bulges of the back panel as well as the band between the front and back are gone and have been replaced with flattened surfaces. The redesign reflects the utilitarianism and uniformity of existing Apple products, such as the iPad and the iMac. The only remnant of the previous generations of iPhone is the general layout of the device; the distinctive metal structure of the iPhone 4 is more reminiscent of the 3G and 3GS. The overall dimensions of the iPhone 4 have been reduced from its predecessor. It is 4.5 inches (110 mm) high, 2.31 inches (59 mm) wide, and 0.37 inches (9.4 mm) deep, compared to the iPhone 3GS, which is 4.55 inches (116 mm) high, 2.44 inches (62 mm) wide, and 0.48 inches (12 mm) deep; making the iPhone 4 24% thinner than its predecessor, the iPhone 3GS. Steve Jobs claims that it is “the thinnest smartphone on the planet".[21] The devices reduced size is primarily due to the antennas being placed externally.
The iPhone 4 is structured around a stainless steel frame which both acts as the primary structure for the device, and additionally acts as the iPhone 4's antennae. The stainless steel enclosure features three slits that divide the band into three sections; the left section of band acts as the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GPS antenna, and the right and lower bands sections act as the antenna for GSM and UMTS connectivity. There is some debate as to whether or not this causes issues with signal strength and availability. The act of touching the gap between the two antennas with an un-gloved hand potentially bridges these two separate antennas, leading to poor signal reception.
The internal components are situated between two panels of aluminosilicate glass, described by Apple as being "chemically strengthened to be 20 times stiffer and 30 times harder than plastic," theoretically allowing it to be more scratch resistant and durable than the previous models.[2]
The iPhone 4 switches the placement of the microphone and speaker on the base on the unit — the speaker is now on the left.[22]
Hardware
Display
The display on the iPhone 4 is designed by Apple and is manufactured by LG, it features an LED backlit LCD capacitive touchscreen with a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch (ppi) on a 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) (960-by-640) display, each pixel is 78 micrometers in width. The display has a contrast ratio of 800:1. The screen is marketed by Apple as the "Retina Display," based on the assertion that a display of approximately 300 ppi at a distance of 12 inches (305 mm) from one's eye is the maximum amount of detail that the human retina can process.[23] With the iPhone expected to be used at a distance of about 12 inches from the eyes, a higher resolution would allegedly have no effect on the image's apparent quality as the maximum potential of the human eye has already been met.
The display has been the subject of some controversial criticism; focused primarily on Apple's claims that the displays resolution exceeds the maximum amount of detail that the human retina can process. Raymond Soneira, president of DisplayMate Technologies, reported in an interview with Wired Magazine saying that the claims by Jobs' are something of an exaggeration: "It is reasonably close to being a perfect display, but Steve pushed it a little too far". Soneira continued to state that the resolution of the retina is higher than claimed by Apple, working out to 477 ppi at 12 inches (305 mm) from the eyes.[24]
However, Phil Plait, author of Bad Astronomy, whose career includes a collaboration with NASA regarding the camera on the Hubble Space Telescope, responded to the criticism by stating that "if you have [better than 20/20] eyesight, then at one foot away the iPhone 4’s pixels are resolved. The picture will look pixellated. If you have average eyesight, the picture will look just fine."[25][26]
Camera
The iPhone 4 features an additional front-facing VGA camera, and an improved 5 megapixel rear-facing camera integrated with an LED flash. The rear-facing camera is capable of recording HD video in 720p at 30 frames per second. Both cameras make use of the tap to focus feature, part of iOS 4, for photo and video recording.[27] The rear-facing camera has a 5× digital zoom.
Gyroscope and accelerometer
The iPhone 4 introduces a gyroscopic sensor that enables 3-axis angular acceleration around the X, Y and Z axes, enabling precise calculation of yaw, pitch, and roll. The gyroscope complements the accelerometer, a sensor that has been present since the original iPhone, and detects the device's acceleration, shake, vibration shock, or fall by detecting linear acceleration along one of three axes (X, Y and Z). The combined data from the accelerometer and the gyroscope provides detailed and precise information about the device's 6-axis movement in space; the 3-axes of the gyroscope combined with the 3-axes of the accelerometer enable the device to recognize approximately how far, fast, and in which direction it has moved in space.[28]
Processor and memory
The iPhone 4 is powered by the Apple A4 chip, which was designed by Intrinsity and, like all previous iPhone models, manufactured by Samsung.[29] This system-on-a-chip is composed of a Cortex-A8 CPU integrated with a PowerVR SGX 535 GPU.[30] The Apple A4 is also used in the iPad where it is clocked at its rated speed of 1 GHz.[31] The clock speed in the iPhone 4 has not been disclosed. All previous models of the iPhone have underclocked the CPU, which typically extends battery life and lowers heat dissipation. Note that the iPhone 4 does become quite a bit hotter than previous generations, supporting the idea that it may be running at 1 GHz.
The iPhone 4 has 512 MB of eDRAM. The additional eDRAM supports increased performance and multi-tasking.[32]
Storage and Micro-SIM
The iPhone 4 uses a Micro-SIM card, which is positioned in an ejectable tray, located on the right side of the device. All previous models have used regular Mini-SIM cards. As on previous models, all data is stored in flash memory, 16GB or 32GB, and not on the SIM. Unlike previous generations, the storage capacity is not printed on the back of the unit. The iPhone 4 continues to use the 30 pin dock connector as its only external data port.
Software
FaceTime
The iPhone 4 is the first device to support FaceTime, an embedded video calling application that is able to use either the front or back camera over a Wi-Fi connection to communicate with another iPhone 4. Apple is currently running tests on the iPhone 4 so FaceTime can work on 3G.
Accessories
Bumper
An iPhone 4 Bumper is a ring of rubber and plastic that surrounds the edge of the iPhone 4. The inner part is rubber with the external band made of plastic. The Bumper wraps around the edges of the device protecting the edges, and to a lesser extent, the screen. The Bumper does not cover the front or rear of the phone, however, it does slightly raise the iPhone off whatever surface it is sitting on.[33]
Additionally, the plastic band also houses metallic buttons for the volume controls and sleep/wake button. The six holes in the Bumper enable access to the mute switch, dock connector, earphones and speakers.[33]
Issues
Some users have reported discoloration of the screen, which was attributed to the glass lamination glue that was used. It did not have time to dry fully before the unit reached consumers due to the speed of manufacturing.[34] Another issue reported after days the iPhone 4 was released is the proximity sensor. Many users have reported that during calls the sensor can be insensitive and contact with the touchscreen can end calls, mute calls, and dial other numbers.[35]
Antenna
Shortly after the iPhone 4 was launched, a few consumers reported that signal strength of the phone was adversely affected by holding the lower left edge of the phone.[36] In response, Apple issued a statement advising that customers should "avoid gripping [the phone] in the lower left corner" when making or receiving a call.[37]
It was reported on 2 July 2010 that several iPhone 4 users were to sue Apple and AT&T for; fraud by concealment, negligence, intentional misrepresentation and defective design. The legal challenge was started by California law firm Kershaw, Cutter and Ratinoff, who set up a website to recruit disenchanted iPhone 4 buyers for a lawsuit against Apple.[38][39] Later that day, Apple issued another statement stating that it had discovered the cause of the "dramatic drop in bars."[40] Apple explained how the formula it used to calculate the number of bars to display was "wrong." Apple promised to correct the issue and release a software update within a few weeks that would address the "mistake," which had been present since the original iPhone.[40] The New York Times commented that "the failure to detect this longstanding problem earlier is astonishing."[41]
Consumer Reports rejected Apple's explanation after conducting tests in a controlled environment, and comparing the results against previous generations of iPhone. It recommend that consumers that "want an iPhone that works well without a masking-tape fix" purchase the iPhone 3GS instead.[42] Consumer Reports tested the iPhone 4 whilst it was wearing a Bumper, a frame-like cover manufactured by Apple that prevents direct contact with the antenna, reporting that it does fix the problem.[43] CNN reported that a small amount of duct tape has proven the most effective fix to iPhone 4's dropped call issue.[44] Consumer Reports has previously said that the iPhone 4s signal issues are not "unique, and may not be serious", it continued to mention that signal loss is a problem that is faced by the entire smartphone industry.[45]
On 16 July 2010, at a press conference, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would provide all iPhone 4 owners with a free case to help solve the antenna issue and a refund to those users who had already purchased a Bumper. The free case offer would be valid until 30 September 2010, when Apple would reevaluate the situation.[46][47] To get a free case, owners will be able to apply via the Apple website from 22 July 2010. Jobs also announced that Apple could not produce enough Bumpers for all owners of the phone but would source a supply and offer a range of cases.[48] Additionally, Jobs cited figures from AppleCare which showed that only 0.55 percent of all iPhone 4 users have complained to the company about the issue, while the number of phones returned to Apple was 1.7 percent–4.3 percent less than the number of iPhone 3GS models that where returned in the first month of the phones launch.[d][48]
Consumer Reports noted that the solution was not permanent, though a good first step.[49] However, because Jobs did not specify a time line for fixing the problem, and the offering for free bumper only being a temporary solution, PC World decided to remove the iPhone 4 from its "Top 10 Cell Phones" chart and reassign it to pending rating.[50]
Critical reception
Reaction to the announcement
Media reaction to Steve Jobs' announcement of the iPhone 4 was generally positive.[51] The announcement included information that had not been covered by Gizmodo. Fox News commented that "seeing it in action is far more informative than staring at Gizmodo's photos of a busted test unit".[52] Rhodri Marsden of The Independent said that "aside from the introduction of face-to-face video calling, it's not a staggering feature set," instead focusing on how the device is "more powerful than its predecessor, speedier, easier to use and will make previously laborious tasks seem like a cinch".[53]
CNET reacted to the announcement by explaining how it believes that iMovie for iOS was the "most exciting part of this year's WWDC Keynote". The article noted how the iPhone 4, unlike current cameras, can record HD content and then edit it from the same device, labeling it a "true mobile editing suite".[54]
Reviews
Reviews of the iPhone 4 have been generally favorable. Walt Mossberg of The Wall Street Journal called the device "the best device in its class".[55] Engadget named it the "best smartphone on the market right now".[56] CNET gave the iPhone 4 a rating of 8.6 out of 10, one of the highest ratings it has distributed to any smartphone.[57] TechRadar gave the device 4.5/5 stars but rated it on par with rival HTC Desire.[58] Consumer Reports said the signal problem was the reason they didn't rate it a "recommended" model, although the other tests ranked it highest among smart phones.[42]
Joshua Topolsky of Engadget described the devices industrial design as being "more detailed and sophisticated" than its predecessor.[56]
Timeline of iPhone models
Timeline of iPhone models |
---|
Source: Apple Newsroom Archive[59]
Notes
- ^ The initial release date of 24 June 2010 applies only to; the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.[60]
- ^ SIM free iPhone 4's are only available directly from Apple in; Canada, France, and the United Kingdom as of the devices initial release.[61]
- ^ The Advanced Performance Optimization on iOS, part 2 sesion.
- ^ 6 percent of iPhone 3GS models where returned within the first month of the phone being on sale.[48]
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