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Mawazine

Coordinates: 34°01′31″N 6°50′10″W / 34.02528°N 6.83611°W / 34.02528; -6.83611
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Mawazine
GenreDiverse World Music Pop Music
Location(s)Rabat, Morocco
Years active2001–present
FoundersMounir Majidi (Maroc Culture)
Websitewww.festivalmawazine.ma www.mawazine.ma

Mawazine (Arabic: موازين, romanized: mawāzīn, meaning "rhythms of the world") is a Moroccan International music festival held annually in Rabat, Morocco, featuring many international and local music artists. The festival is presided over by Mounir Majidi, the personal secretary of the Moroccan King Mohammed VI and founder and president of Maroc Culture, the cultural foundation that organizes Mawazine and other events.[1]

The 2013 festival was attended by an estimated 2.5 million people, making Mawazine the largest festival in the world after Donauinselfest in Vienna. With 90 acts on 7 stages it has the highest ratio of attendees per stage in the world.[2]

Mawazine is one of several events which are intended to promote an image of Morocco as a tolerant nation, and a post on the event's website declares that the goal of the festival is to promote Rabat as a city open to the world.[3][4] It has nonetheless sparked controversy, and some Moroccan politicians have criticised the event for "encouraging immoral behaviour," as well as critiquing its purported financing by Moroccan state-owned companies or private companies whose only client is the Moroccan state.[3][5]

Artists such as Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Rod Stewart, Charles Aznavour, Stevie Wonder, Alicia Keys, Shakira, Rihanna, Justin Timberlake, Jennifer Lopez, Enrique Iglesias, Demi Lovato, Christina Aguilera, Ricky Martin, Pharrell Williams, Iggy Azalea, Bruno Mars, Wiz Khalifa, Pitbull, Kanye West, Scorpions, La Fouine, Maître Gims, Damso, Booba, French Montana, Usher, Avicii, Akon, David Guetta, DJ Snake, Hardwell, Placebo, The Chainsmokers, Maroon 5, The Jacksons, Sugababes, Chic, Evanescence, Chris Brown, Luis Fonsi, Nick Jonas, Stromae, Jason Derulo, Juanes, Lenny Kravitz, The Weeknd, Kylie Minogue, Ellie Goulding, Sting, Julio Iglesias, Ennio Morricone, Robert Plant, Cat Stevens, B.B. King, Susana Baca, Carlos Santana, Elton John, Deep Purple and Travis Scott have performed at Mawazine.

History

The festival has known two eras. The first spanned between 2001 and 2007, when it was dedicated to the music of the world genre.[6] The event had some financial difficulties and was struggling to find sponsors.[6] The second era, which started in 2008, has seen Mounir Majidi, the personal secretary of the Moroccan King, take over the event.[6] During this period, the festival started programming more mainstream music, and has become much stronger financially with many sponsorships from large Moroccan businesses.[6] The press reported that the list of artists performing in the event is validated by Mohammed VI.[6]

Funding controversy

In Morocco, the funding of the festival has often been the target of criticism.[7][8] According to critics, the festival has been funded through state-owned companies such as CDG, OCP, ONCF and Royal Air Maroc,[9][10] money which they deem can be better spent in sectors such as health/education/unemployment.[7][8] In 2011, the management of Mawazine declared that budget of the festival is around 62 million Dirhams, of which 27 million is provided by sponsors and 35 million from revenues of the event.[10] They added that only 4 million dirham is given by Rabat's city council.[10]

JLEC (Jorf Lasfar Energy Company), a Morocco-based subsidiary of Taqa, appeared in 2010 as a major sponsor of the event on the festival's official website.[6] In January 2011, Peter Barker-Homek, CEO of Taqa between 2006 and October 2009, declared in a letter sent to the Securities Exchange Commission, that he was instructed to donate $5 million/year to Hassan Bouhemou, CEO of SNI (holding company controlled by the Moroccan royal family), the sum was allegedly going to fund the music festival.[11] In the letter Barker states that he was unconvinced of the utility of such donation, and inquired Taqa's Chairman al-Suwaidi about it, the latter stated that in return for the payment Taqa would get the green light to expand its energy plant in the country.[11] JLEC holds a 30 years contract with Morocco's main electricity distributor ONE,[12] and supplies as much as 50% of the country's electricity needs according to its management.[13]

Hassan Bouhemou, denied being involved in any way in the organisation of the festival or its management[14] and Aziz Daki director of the festival declared that the amounts reported by Barker are incorrect.[15] According to Telquel JLEC donated 10 million Dirhams to Mawazine, replacing Emirati firm Maabar as a major sponsor of the event in 2010.[6]

2009 stampede

Main article: Mawazine stampede

Eleven people were killed and forty were injured in a stampede at the "Hay Nahda stadium" during the festival shortly after midnight on 24 May 2009.[3] The incident occurred when spectators attempted to leave in a hurry near the end of a free[4] concert by Moroccan star Abdelaziz Stati.[16] A wire fence collapsed during this attempt, endangering the lives of the 70,000 spectators.[3][5][16][17][18] The concert had begun at 23:00, later than billed, and this caused people attending other concerts, including one by Stevie Wonder, to go to the stadium when their concerts were finished.[4]

Eight of the victims were seriously injured.[16] Five of the dead were women, four were men and two were teenagers.[16][17] They were all discovered after the stampede had completed and found to have been crushed by suffocation.[4][17][18][19] Survivors had to be pulled from the wreckage by rescuers.[3] The dead were all Moroccan.[19] Seven people were still in hospital the following day.[17]

Hassan Lamrani, the Governor of Rabat, blamed concert-goers for the stampede, saying that they had "decided to go over the metal barriers to have a quick exit".[3] There were 3,000 police on duty at the event.[4] Maroc Cultures issued a statement to express "its great sorrow", extending "its profound and sincere condolences" to those affected by the tragedy.[4] King Mohammed VI also sent the families of those affected messages of condolence and offered to pay for funeral services and hospital costs.[4] Morocco's interior ministry has announced it will investigate the incident.[4]

2024 Return

After 3 years stoppage due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Maroc Culture Association confirmed the return of the Mawazine festival in 2024 for its 19th edition.[20][21]

2008

Mawazine was attended by 1.2 million people and was located in nine venues across Rabat.[4][19] The festival featured many artists from all around the globe, including Whitney Houston, Juanes, Goran Bregovic, George Benson, Hoba Hoba Spirit, Tony Allen and Issac Delgado.

2009

The 2009 festival, a nine-day event entitled "Rhythms of the World",[3][22] was the eighth edition and began on 15 May,[22] attracting crowds of one million people from cities such as Casablanca, Marrakech, Fez and Tangiers to Rabat.[22][23] Admission cost between 100 and 500 dirhams (15 to 70 USD).[22] 1700 performers performed in 2009.[18]

The opening three days featured acts such as Kylie Minogue, Alicia Keys, Stevie Wonder, K'naan, Hoba Hoba Spirit, Cheb Khaled, Najwa Karam, Warda Al-Jazairia, Ali Campbell (formerly of UB40), and Johnny Clegg of White Zulu.[22] Other musical acts to feature include Mali's Amadou & Mariam,[23] Cuban musician Eliades Ochoa,[24] The Joubran Trio, three brothers from Palestine,[25] and Iranian ensemble Eshtiaq.[26]

The festival opened with a concert by Ennio Morricone, accompanied by a Moroccan choir with ninety members, on the Bouregreg stage.[22] This was followed by a Kylie Minogue performance on the OLM Souissi stage.[22] Khaled's concert was attended by 50,000 people, whilst 40,000 and 30,000 attendance figures were registered for Kylie Minogue and Warda respectively.[22] Stevie Wonder closed the festival on 23 May.[22]

Najwa Karam's performance was the first in Morocco; it attracted about 60,000 spectators. Warda Al-Jazairia was granted the "Wissam Royal".[22][23]

2010

The ninth edition of Mawazine took place from 21 May to 29 May 2010. Elton John and B.B. King performed at the OLM Souissi stage on 26 and 27 May respectively. Julio Iglesias performed on 23 May. Sting closed the 10-day festival with a performance on Saturday, 29 May 2010. Other performers at the 10-day festival included Mika, Harry Connick Jr., Thievery Corporation, Al Jarreau, Deolinda, Angélique Kidjo and Carlos Santana.[27]

The festival also brought famous Arab singers such as Najwa Karam, Tamer Hosny, Elissa, Wael Jassar, Majida El Roumi, Myriam Fares, Rami Ayach.

The Generation Mawazine competition launches the music career of promising young talent. This artistic competition, which has been run since 2006 as a fringe activity to the festival, sets out to find the talent of tomorrow and offers them a major springboard into the music business. Open to all styles of music, this competition gives the stage to new young talents and is judged along 3 predefined categories: rap/hip hop, fusion/neo pop and electronic music. This initiative gives unknown bands the opportunity to perform in front of the general public and media in a professional setting. The winning groups see their career launched in Morocco, produce an album and perform at the following year's festival as established artists.

2011

The tenth edition was held from 20 May to 28 May 2011 at the OLM Souissi. The show was opened on the Friday with traditional and international performers. Notable performances which followed were Kanye West and Spaniard Ivica pica on the 21st and the English girl group Sugababes on the 22nd. The following days saw legends like Yusuf Islam, Quincy Jones, Joe Cocker and Lionel Richie take on the big stage. The event was again lightened when it had Shakira alongside Swiss DJ and producer Yves Larock on the last day.[28] Shakira's performance has gained over 200,000 audiences[29]

2012

The eleventh edition was held from 18 May to 26 May 2012 at the OLM Souissi as well as other stages on Rabat. The show was opened on the Friday with LMFAO during their Sorry For Party Rocking Tour. Also other following performances by Pitbull (Planet Pit World Tour), Evanescence (Evanescence Tour), Scorpions (Get Your Sting and Blackout World Tour), Jimmy Cliff, Nigel Kennedy, Khaled, Gloria Gaynor (in Mohammed V theatre), Lenny Kravitz who spent his birthday on stage, and without forgetting the epic finale: The historical performance by the American diva Mariah Carey (exclusive concert "doesn't belong to any of her tours").[30]

House DJs were Yolanda Be Cool and DJ Abdel.

2013

Mawazine took place from 24 May to 1 June.

International stars in OLM Souissi stage : Rihanna opened the festival as a part of her Diamonds World Tour; she made history by performing to one of the largest crowds of all time, performing in front of 150,000 people.[31] This was a standoff with the Shakira's 2011 performance in terms of the number of audiences. Other artists included Jessie J (Nice to Meet You Tour), MIKA, Sexion d'Assaut, The Jacksons (Unity Tour), David Guetta, Deep Purple (Now What? World Tour), Enrique Iglesias during his (Enrique Iglesias India Tour) featuring the Moroccan-Swedish pop star Loreen, R&B singer Cee-Lo Green and Taio Cruz.

Arab (oriental) stars in Nahda stage : Day 1) Walid Taoufic. Day 2) Mouhcine Salahdine, Sherine Abdel Wahab, Farid Ghennam. Day 3) Bouchra Khalid, Mohamed Mounir. Day 4) Rabab, Cheb Mami. Day 5) Abed, Najwa Karam. Day 6) Zakaria Ghafouli, Assi El Hellani, Mourad Bouriki. Day 7) Shada Hassoun, Ahlam. Day 8) Hatim Ammor, Houda Saad. Day 8) Leila Al Maghribiya, Ahmed Chawki, Tamer Housni.

Moroccan scene in Salé stage : Siham, Jil Ghiwan Jalal, Ghiwane Salwan, LooNope, Jbara, Mjid Bekkas, Aouatif, Mohamed Anbari, Fatim Zahra Laaroussi, Atika Ammar, Numedia et Mallal, Izenzaren Abdelhadi, M.boy, Barry, Casa Crew, Hamid Kasri, Chaht Man, H-Kayne, Don Bigg, Ben Moussa, Hajib, Rachid Lamrini, Mohammed Iskandar, Najat Atabou, Tarik Laamirat, Said Mouskir, Hamid Hadri.

Other stars in so many other stages : Haj Youness, Amir Ali, Leila Lamrini, Tinariwen, African United, Gnawa Diffusion, Amadou & Meriem, Blitz The Ambassador, George Benson, Bond Girls, Sandra Nkaké, Lotfi Bouchnak, Abdelwahab Doukkali, Patrizia Laquidara, Ensemble Dragon.

2014

Mawazine was held this year from 30 May until 7 June. Many artists performed starting with Justin Timberlake, for the opening (The 20/20 Experience World Tour) on 30 May which marked his first performance in Morocco, Jason Derülo as part of Tattoos World Tour on 31 May, the mythic French hip-hop group IAM on 1 June, the Belgian house producer and singer Stromae promoting his new album Racine Carrée on 2 June, Kool & the Gang on 3 June, the R&B sensation Ne-Yo on 4 June.Robert Plant the former vocalist of one of the best rock bands ever Led Zeppelin with his new founded band The Sensational Space Shifters on 5 June, the Latino icon Ricky Martin on 6 June, and the finale of this season the strong-voiced R&B diva Alicia Keys on 7 June.

2015

This year's edition of Mawazine Festival is set to new records of attendance. 160,000 people attended the concert of American singer Jennifer Lopez at the opening of the festival, and 180,000 people attended Pharrell Williams concert on Saturday, May 30. The concert of DJ Avicii attracted over 200,000 festival-goers, on Monday, June 1 at the OLM Soussi stage of Rabat, as part of the 14th Mawazine Festival-Rhythms of the World, according to the organizers.[32]

Stages OLM Souissi Nahda Bouragrag Salé La Renaissance Chellah Théatre Mohammed V
Friday 29 May Jennifer Lopez Khalid Hajar / Ghazi El Amir / Saad Sattar Temenik Electric Bawss & Soultana / Khawla El Moujahed / Khansa Batma / Oum TBA TBA TBA
Saturday 30 May Pharrell Williams Assala Yuri Buenaventura Nidal Ibourk / Moataz Abou Zouz / Aziz Al Maghribi / Mohamed Adly / Orchestre Ashjan Al Awetar TBA Srishti – Nina Rajarani / Dance Creations Nihad Fathi / Orchestre Hafni
Sunday 31 May Sean Paul Amal Maher P-Square Najat Al Houceimiya / Imghrane / Mustapha Oumguil TBA Débora Russ Magida El Roumi
Monday 1 June Avicii Maher Zain Daara J Family Melimane / Ibham Band / Issam & Abidate Rma / Essiham Malek Carmen Souza Flavia Coelho
Tuesday 2 June Placebo Elissa Black M Gnawa Stone / Gnawa Click / Lamaalam Mahmoud Guinea Les Frères & Les Fils Akkaf Maria Berasarte Barbara Hendricks
Wednesday 3 June Akon Melhem Zein Yannick Noah Babel / Rwapa Crew / Hassan Al Maghribi / Farid Ghannam / Mazagan & Hamid El Hadri Haim Botbol Lo Cor De La Plana Mesut Kurtis
Thursday 4 June Sting Nabil Shuail Les Ambassadeurs Draganov / AZ Flow / Shayfeen / Chouft'Chouf / Fnaire TBA Luis De La Carrasca : Lo Essential TBA
Friday 5 June Usher Dounia Batma / Ibtissam Tiskat / Fadwa Al Malki Aziz Sahmaoui & Mamani Keita Africa United / The Basement / Cheb Simo Batoul Marouani Katerina Fotinaki Dorsaf Hamdani
Saturday 6 June Maroon 5 Wael Kfoury Metá Metá Daoudi / Tahour TBA Özlem özdil Bajeddoub / Abderrahim Souiri / Orchestre Debbi

2016

Main article: 15th edition of Mawazine Festival

The 15th edition of Mawazine took place from 20 May to 28 May 2016. American singer Chris Brown and Australian rapper Iggy Azalea both performed at the OLM Souissi stage on 20 and 21 May respectively. Pitbull performed for 130 000 fans, and Saad Lamjerrad performed for 140 000 people in the Nahda stage. The Dutch DJ Hardwell also performed in the festival for 180 000 people. The vocalist Christina Aguilera broke record with having over 250,000 people attend and she closed the festival on May 28.

Date OLM Souissi Nahda Bouragrag Salé Chellah Théatre Mohammed V
Friday, May 20 Chris Brown Diana Haddad Rokia Traoré Hatim Idar,Mohammed Reda and Zinab Oussama TBA Kadhim Al-Sahir
Saturday, May 21 Iggy Azalea Melhem Barakat Marcus Miller DJ K-Rim, Rhany and Saïda Fikri Alireza Ghorbani Alma de Tango
Sunday, May 22 Wyclef Jean Myriam Fares National Orchestra of Barbes Ahouzar, Fatima Tachtoukt and Najat Tazi Noëmie Waysfeld Le Trio Joubran
Monday, May 23 Maître Gims Hatem Al-Iraqi Omar Sosa & Friends Aminux, Sami Ray and Kader Japonais The Musicians of Cairo Natacha Atlas
Tuesday, May 24 Kendji Girac Yara Bombino Hoba Hoba Spirit, Gabacho Maroc and Darga Ines Bacán, Majid Bekkas et Pedro Soler Qawwali Flamenco
Wednesday, May 25 Hardwell Assi El Helani Faiz Ali Faiz Alamri, Hajib and Abdelaziz Stati Antonio Castrignanò Imany
Thursday, May 26 Shaggy Sherine The Afrobeat Experience Muslim, H-Kayne, and H-name Souffles Quartet Paco Renteria
Friday, May 27 Pitbull Saad Lamjarred Ernest Ranglin & Friends Douzi, Rachid Berriah and Rachid Casta Kakushin Nishihara and Gaspar Claus El Gusto
Saturday, May 28 Christina Aguilera Saber Rebaï Mokhtar Samba Najat Aatabou, Bilal El Maghribi and Hamid El Mardi Houria Aïchi Safwan Bahlawan

2017

The 16th edition of Mawazine took place on 12 May to 20 May 2017.

Line-ups
Date OLM Souissi Nahda Bouragrag Salé Chellah Théatre Mohammed V
Friday, 12 May Ellie Goulding Sami Yusuf Panache Culture Fatima Zohra Laaroussi
Tahour
Latifa Raafat
Mustapha Regragui's Orchestra
Abderrahim Souiri		 — Charles Aznavour
Saturday, 13 May Wiz Khalifa Majid al-Muhandis MHD Rabah Mariwri
Fatima Tabaamrant
Mustapha Oumghil		 Vakia Stravrou Badr Rami
Sunday, 14 May Chic featuring Nile Rodgers Nawal Al Zoghbi Amadou & Mariam Hamid Bouchnak
Cheba Maria
Cheb Kader		 — Eleftheria Arvanitaki
Monday, 15 May Ms. Lauryn Hill Mohamed Al Salem
Hussein El Deek		 Bonga Hamid El Kasri
Mehdi Nassouli
Mustapha Bakbou		 Maqâm Roads Anoushka Shankar
Tuesday, 16 May Booba Fares Karam Ibibio Sound Machine Hamid Serghini
Zina Daoudia
Five Stars		 Trio Chicuelo & Marco Mezquida Charles Aznavour
Wednesday, 17 May DJ Snake Najwa Karam Baloji Batoul El Merouani
Cherkani Orchestra
Rachida Talal
Saida Charaf		 Agathe Iracema Susana Baca
Thursday, 18 May Nick Jonas Tamer Hosny Pat Thomas & Kwashibu Area Band La Fouine
Masta Flow
Don Bigg		 Stella Gonis Lotfi Bouchnak
Friday, 19 May Demi Lovato Asma Lamnawar
Hatim Ammor		 Calypso Rose Issam Kamal
Ribab Fusion
Farid Ghannam		 Saodaj' Rafael Amargo
Saturday, 20 May Rod Stewart George Wassouf Alpha Blondy Mustapha Bourgogne
Haj Abdelmoughit
Abdellah Daoudi		 Elida Almeida Jahida Wehbe
Set lists

2018

The 17th edition of Mawazine took place on 22 to 30 June 2018.

Line-ups
Date OLM Souissi Nahda Bouragrag Salé Chellah Théatre Mohammed V
22 June Martin Garrix Kadim Al-Saher Ebo Taylor Cravata
Reem
Ihab Amir		 — Ara Malikian
23 June French Montana Saad Ramadan
Marwan Khoury		 Oumou Sangaré Nadia Laaroussi
Badr Soultan
Ibtissam Tiskat		 Alireza Ghorbani Hiba Tawaji
24 June Jamiroquai Melhem Zein
Rouwaida Attieh		 Las Maravillas Del Mali Tarik Farih
Maâlem Hassan Boussou
Nass El Ghiwane		 Patrizia Laquidara Babylone
25 June Niska
Damso		 Bosy
Hamaki		 Tshegue
Chronixx		 Lahoucine Ait Baamrane
Aziz Al Maghribi
Zakaria Ghafouli		 El Amir Fernando Egozcue Ensamble
26 June The Chainsmokers Ameer Dandan
Wael Jassar		 Rilès Khadija Atlas
Mehdi Weld Hajib
Hajib		 Trio Andaaz London Community Gospel Choir
27 June Bruno Mars Saber Rebaï Sidiki Diabaté Abdelali Sahraoui
Abidat Rma
Najat Aatabou		 Maria Berasarte Souad Massi
28 June Texas Aminux
Nancy Ajram		 Orchestre Poly Rythmo de Cotonou DJ Hamida
H-Kayne
Muslim		 Sepideh Raissadat Majida El Roumi
29 June The Weeknd Ahmed Chiba
Douzi		 Seun Kuti & Egypt 80 featuring Yasiin Bey Imad Benomar
Nouamane Belaiachi
Tiiw Tiiw		 Katerina Fotinaki & Eva Atmatzidou Maria Toledo
30 June Luis Fonsi Ahlam Tiken Jah Fakoly Statia
Said Senhaji
Stati		 Sabry Mosbah Marwa Naji
Set lists

2019

The 18th edition of Mawazine took place on 21 to 29 June 2019.

Line-ups
Date OLM Souissi Nahda Bouragrag Salé Chellah Théatre Mohammed V
21 June
  • BCUC
  • Mustapha Bourgogne
  • Zahira Rbatia
  • Ballet Flamenco de Andalucía
22 June
  • Kokoko
  • Kawa Generations
23 June
  • Saida Charaf
  • Jbara
  • She'Koyokh Quintet
24 June
  • Marcela & Los Murchales
25 June
  • Delgres
  • YouNess
  • Aicha Tachinwit
  • Alba Molina
26 June
  • Compagnie Sharmila Sharma
27 June
28 June
  • Vaudou Game
  • Abdellah Daoudi
  • Ikram El Abdia
  • Dan Gharibian Trio
  • Samir Toumi & Sanaa Marahati
29 June
  • Zina Daoudia
  • Hamid El Mardi
  • Luis de la Carrasca
  • Mohamed Mohsen

2020

The 19th Edition of Mawazine was scheduled to take place from 19 to 27 June 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

See also

References

  1. ^ Vivarelli, Nick (19 February 2014). "Justin Timberlake to Open Morocco's Mawazine Music Fest". Variety.
  2. ^ "The 10 biggest music festivals in the world". MTVIGGY. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Deadly stampede at Rabat festival". BBC News. 24 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "11 killed in stampede at Rabat world music festival". France 24. 25 May 2009. Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  5. ^ a b "11 killed in Rabat stampede". Kenyan Broadcasting Corporation. 25 May 2009. Archived from the original on 12 August 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Akalay, Aïcha; Mehdi Michbal; Hassan Hamdani (22 May 2013). "Mawazine. Un miracle royal". TelQuel. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  7. ^ a b Benmehdi, Hassan (14 April 2011). "Calls mount for cancelling Mawazine". Magharebia. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  8. ^ a b Cherkaoui, Naoufel (25 May 2011). "Mawazine marks decennial amid controversy". Magahrebia. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  9. ^ Akalay, Aïcha; Mehdi Michbal; Hassan Hamdani (22 May 2010). "Mawazine. Un miracle royal" (PDF). Telquel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  10. ^ a b c "Les organisateurs de Mawazine : le festival n'est pas financé par l'argent du contribuable". Lakome. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  11. ^ a b "Peter Barker-Homek à la SEC". Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  12. ^ "Affaire. Comme un parfum de scandale". TelQuel. 2 October 2010. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  13. ^ Saad Souleymane BOUHMADI (11 August 2008). "Jlec: La centrale qui produit 50% de l'électricité nationale". L'Economiste. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  14. ^ "Diffamé, Hassan Bouhemou porte plainte". LNT. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  15. ^ Ziraoui, Youssef; Hassan Hamdani (9 April 2011). "Exclusif. Les secrets d'un festival royal". TelQuel. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  16. ^ a b c d "Eleven killed in Moroccan stampede". The Irish Times. 25 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  17. ^ a b c d "Stampede during Moroccan music festival kills 11". CBC. 25 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  18. ^ a b c "11 killed in Morocco festival stampede". RTÉ. 24 May 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  19. ^ a b c Booth, Jenny (25 May 2009). "Stampede kills 11 people at world music festival in Morocco". The Times. London. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  20. ^ Kasraoui, Safaa. "Morocco's Mawazine Festival to Make a Comeback in 2024". moroccoworldnews. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  21. ^ "Festival Mawazine to come back in 2024 after a three year hiatus". HESPRESS English - Morocco News. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Cheb Khaled, Kylie Minogue kick off star-studded Mawazine festival". Magharebia. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  23. ^ a b c "Mawazine draw a million people". Euronews. 19 May 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  24. ^ "Just a Minute With: Cuban musician Eliades Ochoa". Reuters. 17 May 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  25. ^ "Mawazine rocks on". Euronews. 20 May 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  26. ^ "Art news in brief". Tehran Times. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  27. ^ "Festival Mawazine Rythmes du Monde – 14ème édition – du 29 Mai au 06 Juin 2015". festivalmawazine.ma. Archived from the original on 17 May 2010.
  28. ^ "MAWAZINE 2011 – FESTIVAL DE MUSIQUES ET RYTHMES DU MONDE, A RABAT CAPITALE DU MAROC – Liste des artistes". Festivalmawazine.ma. 30 May 2011. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  29. ^ "Morocco's Mawazine festival stirs controversy".
  30. ^ "Festival Mawazine Rythmes du Monde – 14ème édition – du 29 Mai au 06 Juin 2015". festivalmawazine.ma. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  31. ^ "Rihanna Kicks off Morocco's Mawazine Global Music Fest". MTV.
  32. ^ "Record 200,000 People Attend DJ Avicii Concert at Mawazine Festival".
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34°01′31″N 6°50′10″W / 34.02528°N 6.83611°W / 34.02528; -6.83611

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