Nikkei 225
Foundation | 7 September 1950 |
---|---|
Operator | Nihon Keizai Shimbun (The Nikkei) (Nikkei, Inc.) |
Exchanges | Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) |
Constituents | 225 |
Weighting method | Price-weighted index |
Related indices | Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX) |
Website | indexes.Nikkei.co.jp |
The Nikkei 225, or the Nikkei Stock Average (日経平均株価, Nikkei heikin kabuka), more commonly called the Nikkei or the Nikkei index[1][2] (/ˈnɪkeɪ, ˈniː-, nɪˈkeɪ/), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). It has been calculated daily by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (The Nikkei) newspaper since 1950. It is a price-weighted index, operating in the Japanese Yen (JP¥), and its components are reviewed once a year. The Nikkei measures the performance of 225 large, publicly owned companies in Japan from a wide array of industry sectors.[3]
Another major index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange is the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX).
History
The Nikkei 225 began to be calculated on 9 July 19501949, when the average price of its component stocks was 176.21 yen. Since January 2010, the index is updated every 15 seconds during trading sessions.
, retroactively calculated back to May 16thThe Nikkei 225 Futures, introduced at Singapore Exchange (SGX) in 1986, the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE) in 1988, Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) in 1990, is now an internationally recognized futures index.[4]
The Nikkei average has deviated sharply from the textbook model of stock averages, which grow at a steady exponential rate. The average hit its all-time high on 29 December 1989, during the peak of the Japanese asset price bubble, when it reached an intra-day high of 38,957.44, before closing at 38,915.87, having grown sixfold during the decade. Subsequently, it lost nearly all these gains, reaching a post-bubble intraday low of 6,994.90 on October 28, 2008 — 82% below its peak nearly 19 years earlier[5]
Unlike stock markets in the US and elsewhere that eventually recovered from crashes, the Nikkei has stagnated for decades. It remains well below its peak over 30 years later.
On March 15 2011, the second working day after the massive earthquake in the northeast part of Japan, the index dropped over 10% to finish at 8605.15, a loss of 1,015 points. The index continued to drop throughout 2011, bottoming out at 8160.01 on November 25, putting it at its lowest close since March 31st, 2009. The Nikkei fell over 17% in 2011, finishing the year at 8455.35, its lowest year-end closing value in nearly thirty years, when the index finished at 8016.70 in 1982.[6]
The Nikkei started 2013 near 10,600, hitting a peak of 15,942 in May. However, shortly afterward, it plunged by almost 10% before rebounding, making it the most volatile stock market index among the developed markets. By 2015, it has reached over 20,000 mark; marking a gain of over 10,000 in two years, making it one of the fastest growing stock market indices in the world. However, by 2018, the index growth has been more moderate at around the 22,000 mark.[citation needed]
There is concern that the rise since 2013 is artificial and due to purchases by the Bank of Japan ("BOJ").[7][8] From a start in 2013, by end 2017, The BOJ owned circa 75%[9] of all Japanese Exchange Traded Funds ("ETFs"), and are a top 10 shareholder of 90% of the Nikkei 225 constituents.[10][11]
On February 15, 2021, the Nikkei average breached the 30,000 benchmark, its highest level in 30 years, due to the levels of monetary stimulus and asset purchase programs executed by the Bank of Japan to mitigate the financial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.[12]
Weighting
The index is a price-weighted index. As of early 2022, the company with the largest influence on the index is Fast Retailing (TYO: 9983).
Contract Specifications
The Nikkei 225 is traded as a future on the Osaka exchange. The contract specifications for the Nikkei 225 (ticker symbol JNK) are listed below:
Nikkei 225 (JNK) | |
---|---|
Contract Size: | Nikkei 225 Index X Y1,000 |
Exchange: | OSE |
Sector: | Index |
Tick Size: | 10 |
Tick Value: | 10000 JPY |
Big Point Value (BPV): | 1000 |
Denomination: | JPY |
Decimal Place: | 0 |
Annual returns
The following table shows the annual development of the Nikkei 225, which was calculated back to 1914.[14][15][16]
Year | Closing level | Change in Index in Points |
Change in Index in % |
---|---|---|---|
1914 | 21.12 | ||
1915 | 32.10 | 10.98 | 51.99 |
1916 | 41.61 | 9.51 | 29.63 |
1917 | 41.40 | −0.21 | −0.50 |
1918 | 42.21 | 0.81 | 1.96 |
1919 | 53.63 | 11.42 | 27.06 |
1920 | 27.44 | −26.19 | −48.83 |
1921 | 28.88 | 1.44 | 5.25 |
1922 | 23.97 | −4.91 | −17.00 |
1923 | 22.83 | −1.14 | −4.76 |
1924 | 24.45 | 1.62 | 7.10 |
1925 | 27.96 | 3.51 | 14.36 |
1926 | 27.25 | −0.71 | −2.54 |
1927 | 25.82 | −1.43 | −5.25 |
1928 | 25.65 | −0.17 | −0.66 |
1929 | 21.32 | −4.33 | −16.88 |
1930 | 16.82 | −4.50 | −21.11 |
1931 | 16.28 | −0.54 | −3.21 |
1932 | 30.33 | 14.05 | 86.30 |
1933 | 34.12 | 3.79 | 12.50 |
1934 | 32.30 | −1.82 | −5.33 |
1935 | 33.76 | 1.46 | 4.52 |
1936 | 35.94 | 2.18 | 6.46 |
1937 | 37.33 | 1.39 | 3.87 |
1938 | 33.66 | −3.67 | −9.83 |
1939 | 44.96 | 11.30 | 33.57 |
1940 | 37.42 | −7.54 | −16.77 |
1941 | 42.44 | 5.02 | 13.42 |
1942 | 42.71 | 0.27 | 0.64 |
1943 | 42.11 | −0.60 | −1.40 |
1944 | 41.82 | −0.29 | −0.69 |
1945 | 40.53 | −1.29 | −3.08 |
1946 | 28.72 | −11.81 | −29.14 |
1947 | 39.31 | 10.59 | 36.87 |
1948 | 72.84 | 33.53 | 85.30 |
1949 | 109.91 | 37.07 | 50.89 |
1950 | 101.91 | −8.00 | −7.28 |
1951 | 166.06 | 64.15 | 62.95 |
1952 | 362.64 | 196.58 | 118.38 |
1953 | 377.95 | 15.31 | 4.22 |
1954 | 356.09 | −21.86 | −5.78 |
1955 | 425.69 | 69.60 | 19.55 |
1956 | 549.14 | 123.45 | 29.00 |
1957 | 474.55 | −74.59 | −13.58 |
1958 | 666.54 | 191.99 | 40.46 |
1959 | 874.88 | 208.34 | 31.26 |
1960 | 1,356.71 | 481.83 | 55.07 |
1961 | 1,432.60 | 75.89 | 5.59 |
1962 | 1,420.43 | −12.17 | −0.85 |
1963 | 1,225.10 | −195.33 | −13.75 |
1964 | 1,216.55 | −8.55 | −0.70 |
1965 | 1,417.83 | 201.28 | 16.55 |
1966 | 1,452.10 | 34.27 | 2.42 |
1967 | 1,283.47 | −168.63 | −11.61 |
1968 | 1,714.89 | 431.42 | 33.61 |
1969 | 2,358.96 | 644.07 | 37.56 |
1970 | 1,987.14 | −371.82 | −15.76 |
1971 | 2,713.74 | 726.60 | 36.57 |
1972 | 5,207.94 | 2,494.20 | 91.91 |
1973 | 4,306.80 | −901.14 | −17.30 |
1974 | 3,817.22 | −489.58 | −11.37 |
1975 | 4,358.60 | 541.38 | 14.18 |
1976 | 4,990.85 | 632.25 | 14.51 |
1977 | 4,865.60 | −125.25 | −2.51 |
1978 | 6,001.85 | 1,136.25 | 23.35 |
1979 | 6,569.47 | 567.62 | 9.46 |
1980 | 7,116.38 | 546.91 | 8.33 |
1981 | 7,681.84 | 565.46 | 7.95 |
1982 | 8,016.67 | 334.83 | 4.36 |
1983 | 9,893.82 | 1,877.15 | 23.42 |
1984 | 11,542.60 | 1,648.78 | 16.66 |
1985 | 13,113.32 | 1,570.72 | 13.61 |
1986 | 18,701.30 | 5,587.98 | 42.61 |
1987 | 21,564.00 | 2,862.70 | 15.31 |
1988 | 30,159.00 | 8,595.00 | 39.86 |
1989 | 38,915.87 | 8,756.87 | 29.04 |
1990 | 23,848.71 | −15,067.16 | −38.72 |
1991 | 22,983.77 | −864.94 | −3.63 |
1992 | 16,924.95 | −6,058.82 | −26.36 |
1993 | 17,417.24 | 492.29 | 2.91 |
1994 | 19,723.06 | 2,305.82 | 13.24 |
1995 | 19,868.15 | 145.09 | 0.74 |
1996 | 19,361.35 | −506.80 | −2.55 |
1997 | 15,258.74 | −4,102.61 | −21.19 |
1998 | 13,842.17 | −1.416,57 | −9.28 |
1999 | 18,934.34 | 5,092.17 | 36.79 |
2000 | 13,785.69 | −5,148.65 | −27.19 |
2001 | 10,542.62 | −3,243.07 | −23.52 |
2002 | 8,578.95 | −1,963.67 | −18.63 |
2003 | 10,676.64 | 2,097.69 | 24.45 |
2004 | 11,488.76 | 812.12 | 7.61 |
2005 | 16,111.43 | 4,622.67 | 40.24 |
2006 | 17,225.83 | 1,114.40 | 6.92 |
2007 | 15,307.78 | −1,918.05 | −11.13 |
2008 | 8,859.56 | −6,448.22 | −42.12 |
2009 | 10,546.44 | 1,686.88 | 19.04 |
2010 | 10,228.92 | −317.52 | −3.01 |
2011 | 8,455.35 | −1,773.57 | −17.24 |
2012 | 10,395.18 | 1,939.83 | 22.94 |
2013 | 16,291.31 | 5,896.13 | 56.72 |
2014 | 17,450.77 | 1,159.46 | 7.12 |
2015 | 19,033.71 | 1,582.94 | 9.07 |
2016 | 19,114.40 | 80.69 | 0.42 |
2017 | 22,764.94 | 3,650.54 | 19.10 |
2018 | 20,014.77 | −2,750.17 | −12.08 |
2019 | 23,656.62 | 3,641.85 | 18.20 |
2020 | 27,444.17 | 3,787.55 | 16.01 |
2021 | 28,791.71 | 1,347.54 | 4.68 |
2022 | 26,094.50 | −2,697.21 | −9.37 |
Components
As of October 2023, the Nikkei 225 consists of the following companies: (Japanese securities identification code in parentheses)[17]
Fishery
Mining
Construction
- Comsys Holdings Corp. (TYO: 1721)
- Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd. (TYO: 1925)
- Haseko Corp. (TYO: 1808)
- JGC Corporation (TYO: 1963)
- Kajima Corp. (TYO: 1812)
- Obayashi Corp. (TYO: 1802)
- Sekisui House, Ltd. (TYO: 1928)
- Shimizu Corp. (TYO: 1803)
- Taisei Corp. (TYO: 1801)
Foods
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (TYO: 2802)
- Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd. (TYO: 2502)
- Japan Tobacco Inc. (TYO: 2914)
- Kikkoman Corp. (TYO: 2801)
- Kirin Holdings Company, Limited (TYO: 2503)
- Meiji Holdings Company, Limited (TYO: 2269)
- Nichirei Corp. (TYO: 2871)
- NH Foods, Ltd. (TYO: 2282)
- Nisshin Seifun Group Inc. (TYO: 2002)
- Sapporo Holdings Ltd. (TYO: 2501)
- Takara Holdings Inc. (TYO: 2531)
Textiles & apparel
Pulp & paper
- Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3863)
- Oji Holdings Corporation (TYO: 3861)
Chemicals
- Asahi Kasei Corp. (TYO: 3407)
- Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K. (TYO: 4061)
- DIC Corporation (TYO: 4631)
- Fujifilm Holdings Corp. (TYO: 4901)
- Kao Corp. (TYO: 4452)
- Kuraray Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3405)
- Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corp. (TYO: 4188)
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. (TYO: 4183)
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 4021)
- Nitto Denko (TYO: 6988)
- Resona Holdings (TYO: 4004)
- Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4063)
- Shiseido Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4911)
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4005)
- Tokuyama Corporation (TYO: 4043)
- Tosoh Corp. (TYO: 4042)
- Ube Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 4208)
Pharmaceuticals
- Astellas Pharma Inc. (TYO: 4503)
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4519)
- Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited (TYO: 4568)
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4506)
- Eisai Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4523)
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4151)
- Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4578)
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4507)
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (TYO: 4502)
Petroleum
- Eneos Holdings (TYO: 5020)
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd (TYO: 5019)
Rubber
- Bridgestone Corp. (TYO: 5108)
- The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5101)
Glass & Ceramics
- AGC Inc. (TYO: 5201)
- NGK Insulators, Ltd. (TYO: 5333)
- Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5214)
- Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5202)
- Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5232)
- Taiheiyo Cement Corp. (TYO: 5233)
- Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5301)
- Toto Ltd. (TYO: 5332)
Steel
- JFE Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 5411)
- Kobe Steel, Ltd. (TYO: 5406)
- Nippon Steel Corp. (TYO: 5401)
- Pacific Metals Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5541)
Nonferrous metals
- Dowa Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5714)
- Fujikura Ltd. (TYO: 5803)
- The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5801)
- Mitsubishi Materials Corp. (TYO: 5711)
- Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5706)
- SUMCO Corp. (TYO: 3436)
- Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 5802)
- Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. (TYO: 5713)
Machinery
- Amada Co. Ltd. (TYO: 6113)
- Daikin Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 6367)
- Ebara Corp. (TYO: 6361)
- Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6305)
- Hitachi Zōsen Corporation (TYO: 7004)
- IHI Corp. (TYO: 7013)
- The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. (TYO: 5631)
- JTEKT Corp. (TYO: 6473)
- Komatsu Ltd. (TYO: 6301)
- Kubota Corp. (TYO: 6326)
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 7011)
- NSK Ltd. (TYO: 6471)
- NTN Corp. (TYO: 6472)
- Okuma Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 6103)
- Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 6302)
- SMC Corporation (TYO: 6273)
Electric machinery
- Advantest Corp. (TYO: 6857)
- Alps Electric Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6770)
- Canon Inc. (TYO: 7751)
- Casio Computer Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6952)
- Denso Corp. (TYO: 6902)
- FANUC Corp. (TYO: 6954)
- Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6504)
- Fujitsu Ltd. (TYO: 6702)
- GS Yuasa Corp. (TYO: 6674)
- Hitachi, Ltd. (TYO: 6501)
- Keyence Corp. (TYO: 6861)
- Kyocera Corp. (TYO: 6971)
- Lasertec (TYO: 6920)
- MinebeaMitsumi, Inc. (TYO: 6479)
- Mitsubishi Electric Corp. (TYO: 6503)
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6981)
- NEC Corp. (TYO: 6701)
- Nidec (TYO: 6594)
- Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6703)
- Omron Corp. (TYO: 6645)
- Panasonic Corp. (TYO: 6752)
- Renesas Electronics(TYO: 6723)
- Ricoh Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7752)
- SCREEN Holdings (TYO: 7735)
- Seiko Epson Corp. (TYO: 6724)
- Sharp Corporation (TYO: 6753)
- Sony Corp. (TYO: 6758)
- Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6976)
- TDK Corp. (TYO: 6762)
- Tokyo Electron Ltd. (TYO: 8035)
- Yaskawa Electric Corporation, Limited (TYO: 6506)
- Yokogawa Electric Corp. (TYO: 6841)
Shipbuilding
- Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (TYO: 7012)
Automotive
- Hino Motors, Ltd. (TYO: 7205)
- Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7267)
- Isuzu Motors Ltd. (TYO: 7202)
- Mazda Motor Corp. (TYO: 7261)
- Mitsubishi Motors Corp. (TYO: 7211)
- Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7201)
- Subaru Corp. (TYO: 7270)
- Suzuki Motor Corp. (TYO: 7269)
- Toyota Motor Corp. (TYO: 7203)
- Yamaha Motor Company, Ltd. (TYO: 7272)
Precision instruments
- Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7762)
- Hoya Corporation (TYO: 7741)
- Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 4902)
- Nikon Corp. (TYO: 7731)
- Olympus Corp. (TYO: 7733)
- Terumo Corp. (TYO: 4543)
Trading companies
- Itochu Corp. (TYO: 8001)
- Marubeni Corp. (TYO: 8002)
- Mitsubishi Corp. (TYO: 8058)
- Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8031)
- Sojitz Corp. (TYO: 2768)
- Sumitomo Corp. (TYO: 8053)
- Toyota Tsusho Corp. (TYO: 8015)
Other manufacturing
- Bandai Namco Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 7832)
- Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7912)
- Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7911)
- Yamaha Corporation (TYO: 7951)
Retail
- Aeon Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8267)
- Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9983)
- Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. (TYO: 3099)
- J. Front Retailing Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3086)
- Marui Group Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8252)
- Nitori Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9843)
- Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3382)
- Takashimaya Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8233)
Banking
- Aozora Bank, Ltd. (TYO: 8304)
- The Chiba Bank, Ltd. (TYO: 8331)
- Concordia Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 7186)
- Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8309)
- Fukuoka Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8354)
- Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8306)
- Mizuho Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8411)
- Resona Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8308)
- Shizuoka Financial Group (TYO: 5831)(Holding company for Shizuoka Bank)
- Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8316)
Securities
- Daiwa Securities Group Inc. (TYO: 8601)
- Nomura Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8604)
Insurance
- Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company, Limited (TYO: 8750)
- MS&AD Insurance Group, Inc. (TYO: 8725)
- Sompo Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8630)
- T&D Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8795)
- Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc. (TYO: 8766)
Other financial services
- Credit Saison Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8253)
- Orix Co. (TYO: 8591)
- Japan Exchange Group Inc. (TYO: 8697)
Real estate
- Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8802)
- Mitsui Fudosan Co.,Ltd (TYO: 8801)
- Sumitomo Realty & Development Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8830)
- Tokyo Tatemono Co., Ltd. (TYO: 8804)
- Tokyu Land Corp. (TYO: 3289)
Railway/bus
- Central Japan Railway Company (TYO: 9022)
- East Japan Railway Company (TYO: 9020)
- Keio Corp. (TYO: 9008)
- Keisei Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9009)
- Odakyu Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9007)
- Tobu Railway Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9001)
- Tokyu Corp. (TYO: 9005)
- West Japan Railway Company (TYO: 9021)
Land transport
- Nippon Express Holdings Inc. (TYO: 9147)(Holding company for Nippon Express)
- Yamato Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9064)
Marine transport
- Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Ltd. (TYO: 9107)
- Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (TYO: 9104)
- Nippon Yusen K.K. (TYO: 9101)
Air transport
- Japan Airlines Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9201)
- ANA Holdings Inc. (TYO: 9202)
Warehousing
- Mitsubishi Logistics Corp. (TYO: 9301)
Communications
- KDDI Corp. (TYO: 9433)
- Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. (TYO: 9432)
- NTT Data Corp. (TYO: 9613)
- SoftBank Corp. (TYO: 9434)
- SoftBank Group Corp. (TYO: 9984)
Electric power
- Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. (TYO: 9502)
- The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. (TYO: 9503)
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Incorporated (TYO: 9501)
Gas
Services
- Cyberagent Inc. (TYO: 4751)
- Dena Co., Ltd. (TYO: 2432)
- Dentsu Inc. (TYO: 4324)
- Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6178)
- Konami Corp. (TYO: 9766)
- LY Corporation (TYO: 4689)
- Mercari Inc. (TYO: 4385)
- M3 Inc. (TYO: 2413) (Parent company for MDLinx)
- Nexon Co., Ltd. (TYO: 3659)
- Nintendo Co., Ltd. (TYO: 7974)
- Oriental Land Co., Ltd. (TYO: 4661)
- Rakuten Inc. (TYO: 4755)
- Recruit Holdings Co., Ltd. (TYO: 6098)
- Secom Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9735)
- Toho Co., Ltd. (TYO: 9602)
- Trend Micro Inc. (TYO: 4704)
See also
References
- ^ "the Nikkei (index) definition, meaning – what is the Nikkei (index) in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus". cambridge.org. Cambridge Dictionaries Online.
- ^ "Nikkei 225". Yahoo.com. Yahoo. Archived from the original on 12 December 2011.
- ^ "Overview of the Nikkei 225 Stock Market Index". Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
- ^ Nikkei Net interactive Archived 22 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Nikkei Futures | About". 7 January 2014.
- ^ "Finfacts: Irish business, finance news on economics". FinFacts.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019.[failed verification][unreliable source?]
- ^ "Japan Central Bank's ETF Shopping Spree Is Becoming a Worry". Bloomberg. 18 July 2017.
- ^ "Japan's Central Bank Is Distorting the Market, Bourse Chief Says". Bloomberg. 19 July 2017.
- ^ "Bank of Japan's $150 Billion ETF Binge Looks Likely to Slow Next Year". Bloomberg. 10 December 2017.
- ^ "BoJ Now A Top 10 Shareholder In 90% Of Nikkei 225". Barrons. 24 April 2017.
- ^ "What Happens When The Bank Of Japan Owns Everything?". Forbes. 27 April 2016.
- ^ "Nikkei index hits 30,000 for first time in three decades". The Nikkei. 15 February 2021. Archived from the original on 15 February 2021.
- ^ "Historical Nikkei 225 Intraday Futures Data (JNK)". PortaraCQG. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ^ "Finfacts: Irish business, finance news on economics". www.finfacts.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
- ^ "Historical Data (Nikkei 225) - Nikkei Indexes". indexes.nikkei.co.jp. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
- ^ "NIKKEI 225 Index (Japan) Yearly Stock Returns". www.1stock1.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
- ^ "Components:Nikkei Stock Average (Nikkei 225)". Nikkei Indexes. 13 October 2023.
External links
- Nikkei 225 Components — official website at indexes.Nikkei.co.jp
- Index detail: Nikkei Stock Average 225 — at Reuters
- Nikkei 225 page – NKY:IND — on Bloomberg Markets
- Nikkei 225 index — on Google Finance
- Nikkei 225 index — on Yahoo! Finance
- Nikkei 225 index — on Hargreaves Lansdown
- Nikkei 225 profile — at Wikinvest[unreliable source?]