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Chittoor district

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This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Chittoor.

Chittoor district
చిత్తూరు జిల్లా
District
Location of Chittoor district
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
RegionRayalaseema
Area
 • Total15,359 km2 (5,930 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total4,170,468[1]
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 codeISO 3166-2:IN
HeadquartersChittoor
Sex ratioM-50%/F-40% ♂/♀
Literacy72.96%
Lok Sabha seats2
Vidhan Sabha seats14
Websitehttp://www.chittoor.ap.gov.in/
Chittor district is a part of Rayalaseema region (highlighted in blue) in Andhra Pradesh
Archaean rocks formations of Tirumala Hills make a look alike shape of Garuda

Chittoor district (pronunciationⓘ), also known as Chittur, is a district in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is Chittoor. The district has a population of 4,170,468 according to 2011 census of India.[2] Chittoor district has many major temples including Tirupati, Kanipakam and Sri Kalahasti temples. It lies in the Poini river valley of southernmost Andhra Pradesh along the Chennai - Bangalore section Chennai-Mumbai highway. It is a major market center for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts.

Etymology

The district derived its name from its headquarters Chittoor.[3]

History

Chittoor District was formed on 1 April 1911, taking Chittoor, Palamaneru, Chandragiri from the then North Arcot District of Madras State and Madanapalli, Vayalpadu from Kadapa and Punganur, Sri Kalahasti, Karvetinagar from Zamindari provinces to form united Chittoor district. Later in the Apri1 1 1960 319 villages of chittoor district were added into the then Kanchipuram districtand Thiruvallur districts of Tamil Nadu through the demands of Ma. Po. Si. and other leaders.

Chandragiri, a suburban area of Tirupati served as fourth capital of Vijayanagar empire.

Geography

Districts of Andhra Pradesh

Chittoor is a part of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh.[4] The district occupies an area of 15,359 square kilometres (5,930 sq mi).[5][6] The district is bounded by Anantapur District to the northwest, Kadapa District to the north, Nellore District to the northeast, Krishnagiri District, Vellore District and Tiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu state to the south, and Kolar District of Karnataka state to the west. Chittoor district lies extreme south of the Andhra Pradesh state approximately between 12°37′ - 14°8′ north latitudes and 78°3′ - 79°55′ east longitudes. Thirty percent of the total land area is covered by forests in the district.[7] Mango and tamarind groves surround the city of Chittoor, and cattle are raised in the district. The soils in the district constitute red loamy 57%, red sandy 34% and the remaining 9% is covered by black clay black loamy, black sandy and red clay[7] Chittoor is 160 km from Chennai, 180 km from Bangalore and 590 km from Hyderabad.

Hydrology

The important rivers in the district are Ponnai and Swarnamukhi rivers which originate in eastern ghats. Other rivers include Kusasthali, Beema, Bahuda, Pincha, Kalyani, Araniyar and Pedderu. None of the rivers are perennial. Main rivers include Swarnamukhi, Kalangi, Papaghni, Koundinya, Paleru, Arani, Pinchcha, Cheyyeru, Neeva and Kusasthali

Climate

The temperature in the western parts of the district like Punganur, Madanapalle, Horsley Hills are relatively lower than the eastern parts of the Chittoor District. This is because of the higher altitude of the western parts compared to the eastern parts. The summer temperatures touches 46 °C in the eastern parts whereas in the western parts it ranges around 36° to 38 °C. Similarly the winter temperatures of the western parts are relatively low ranging around 12 °C to 14 °C and in eastern parts it is 16 °C to 18 °C.[8]

Chittoor district receives an annual rainfall of 918.1 mm. The South West Monsoon and North East Monsoon are the major sources of rainfall for the district. On average the district receives 438.0 mm of rainfall through the South West Monsoon (From June to September) and 396.0 mm from North East Monsoon (From October to December). The rainfall received by the district in the years 2002 and 2003 are 984.2 mm and 934 mm respectively.[9]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Chittoor district has a population of 4,170,468.[10][11][12] This gives it a ranking of 47th in India (out of a total of 640)and 6th in its state.[10] The district has a population density of 275 inhabitants per square kilometre (710/sq mi) .[10] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.33%.[10] Chittoor has a sex ratio of 1002 females for every 1000 males,[10] and a literacy rate of 72.36%.[10]

In 2007–2008 the International Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1010 households in 38 villages across the district.[13] They found that 92.7% had access to electricity, 99.6% had drinking water, 33.3% toilet facilities, and 53.8% lived in a pucca (permanent) home.[13] 29.3% of girls wed before the legal age of 18[14] and 88.2% of interviewees carried a BPL card.[13]

Telugu is both the official and widely spoken language in the district.[15] Tamil is widely spoken due to its proximity to Tamil Nadu. It is the native language to over 30% of the district's population.[16][17] A good number of Kannada speakers are concentrated on the western parts of the district bordering Karnataka.

Divisions

Main article: List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh
Chittoor district mandals outline map
Revenue divisions map of Chittoor district

The district is divided into 3 revenue divisions viz., Chittoor, Tirupati and Madanapalle.[18] Each revenue division is divided into mandals. The district has 66 mandals under these 3 revenue divisions.[19] There are 2 Municipal Corporations of Chittoor and Tirupati and 6 municipalities of Madanapalle, Punganur, Palamaner, Nagari, Srikalahasti and Puttur in the district.[20]

3

Politics

There are 14 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly MLA constituencies in Chittoor district.[21]

Economy

In 2006 the Indian government named Chittoor one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[22] It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[22]

Notable people

Education

Tirupati is home to multiple institutions of higher learning. Sri Venkateswara University, AP's first women's university Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha are located in Tirupati. Additionally Tirupati urban area is home to several colleges and educational institutions. Kuppam houses the Dravidian University.[23] Chittoor district is home to the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) of the Department of Space. The lab is involved in carrying out fundamental and applied research in Atmospheric and Space Sciences.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Chittoor district profile". Andhra Pradesh State Portal. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
  2. ^ "Census of India 2011" (PDF). http://censusindia.gov.in. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ Biju, [editor], M.R. (2009). Democratic political process. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. p. 235. ISBN 978-81-8324-237-0. Retrieved 17 November 2015. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "The District Of Seven Hills - Tirumala".
  5. ^ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1111–1112. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  6. ^ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 18 February 1998. Retrieved 11 October 2011. Nordaustlandet 14,467
  7. ^ a b "National Informatics Center, Chittoor". Chittoor.nic.in. 28 June 2005. Retrieved 4 November 2012. Cite error: The named reference "http://chittoor.nic.in/history.htm" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ "Chittoor district". Atmachittoor.com. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  9. ^ "Irrigation". Irrigation.cgg.gov.in. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  11. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Lebanon 4,143,101 July 2011 est. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 8 (help)
  12. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Kentucky 4,339,367 {{cite web}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 9 (help)
  13. ^ a b c "District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007-08: India. Andhra Prades" (PDF). International Institute for Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  14. ^ "How Do I? : Obtain Marriage Certificate". National Portal Content Management Team, National Informatics Centre. 2005. Retrieved 3 October 2011. To be eligible for marriage, the minimum age limit is 21 for males and 18 for females.
  15. ^ "WELCOME TO CENSUS OF INDIA : Census India Library". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  16. ^ "Languages of Andhra Pradesh". India Network Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  17. ^ "War against smugglers, not Tamils: Minister". The Hindu. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  18. ^ "Industrial Profile - Chittoor District" (PDF). Commissionerate of Industries - Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 4. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  19. ^ "Mandals in Chittoor district". AP State Portal. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  20. ^ "District Census Handbook - Chittoor" (PDF). Census of India. p. 19,21,58. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  21. ^ "District-wise Assembly-Constituencies in Andhra Pradesh". Ceoandhra.nic.in. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  22. ^ a b Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  23. ^ "Dravidian University Kuppam". grotal.com.
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