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25th United States Congress

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"25th Congress" redirects here. For the Soviet congress, see 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
25th United States Congress
24th ←
→ 26th
United States Capitol (1827)
March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1839
Members52 senators
242 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic
Senate PresidentRichard M. Johnson (D)
House majorityDemocratic
House SpeakerJames K. Polk (D)
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1837 – March 10, 1837
1st: September 4, 1837 – October 16, 1837
2nd: December 4, 1837 – July 9, 1838
3rd: December 3, 1838 – March 3, 1839

The Twenty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1837, to March 4, 1839, during the first two years of Martin Van Buren's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

Major events

The modern balaam and his ass, an 1837 caricature placing the blame for the Panic of 1837 and the perilous state of the banking system on outgoing President Andrew Jackson, shown riding a donkey, while President Martin Van Buren comments approvingly.
Main articles: 1837 in the United States, 1838 in the United States, and 1839 in the United States

Major legislation

Main article: Major legislation: 25th United States Congress

Territories organized

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Whig
(W)		Other
End of previous congress 31[a] 19[b] 2[c] 52 0
Begin 35 17 0 52 0
End 16 511
Final voting share 68.6% 31.4% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 28 19 0 47 5

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Anti-
Masonic
(AM) 		Democratic
(D)		Nullifier
(N)		Whig
(W)		Other
End of previous congress 14 139[d] 7 81[e] 0 241 1
Begin 7 128 4 101 0 240 2
End 123 106
Final voting share 2.9% 51.3% 1.7% 44.2% 0.0%
Non-voting members 0 2001 3 0
Beginning of next congress 6 124 0 109 2 241 1

Leadership

President of the Senate
Richard M. Johnson

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, ending in 1839; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, ending in 1841; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, ending in 1843.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 6
    • Democrats: no net change
    • Whigs: no net change
  • Deaths: 1
  • Resignations: 6
  • Total seats with changes: 7
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate

|- | Virginia
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Richard E. Parker (D) | Resigned March 4, 1837, after accepting a seat on the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | William H. Roane (D) | Elected March 14, 1837 |- | Alabama
(3) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John McKinley (D) | Resigned April 22, 1837, after being appointed Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Clement C. Clay (D) | Elected June 19, 1837 |- | Georgia
(2) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John P. King (D) | Resigned November 1, 1837 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Wilson Lumpkin (D) | Elected November 22, 1837 |- | Maryland
(1) | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Joseph Kent (W) | Died November 24, 1837 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | William D. Merrick (W) | Elected January 4, 1838 |- | Mississippi
(1) | style="background-color:#F0C862" | John Black (W) | Resigned January 22, 1838 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James F. Trotter (D) | Appointed January 22, 1838 |- | Tennessee
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Felix Grundy (D) | Resigned July 4, 1838, after being appointed United States Attorney General | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Ephraim H. Foster (W) | Elected September 17, 1838 |- | Mississippi
(1) | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James F. Trotter (D) | Resigned July 10, 1838 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Thomas H. Williams (D) | Appointed November 12, 1838, and subsequently elected |- | Tennessee
(1) | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Ephraim H. Foster (W) | Resigned March 3, 1839 before start of new Congress under orders of state legislature. | Vacant | |}

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 16
    • Democrats: 5-seat net loss
    • Whigs: 5-seat net gain
  • Deaths: 9
  • Resignations: 6
  • Contested election:1
  • Total seats with changes: 20


Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep

|- | Mississippi At-large | Vacant | Rep-elect Claiborne presented credentials July 18, 1837 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John F. H. Claiborne (D) | Seated July 18, 1837 |- | Mississippi At-large | Vacant | Rep-elect Gholson presented credentials July 18, 1837 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Samuel J. Gholson (D) | Seated July 18, 1837 |- | Pennsylvania 3rd | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Francis J. Harper (D) | Died March 18, 1837 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Charles Naylor (W) | Seated June 29, 1837 |- | Tennessee 4th | style="background-color:#F0C862" | James I. Standifer (W) | Died August 20, 1837 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | William Stone (W) | Seated September 14, 1837 |- | Ohio 17th | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Elisha Whittlesey (W) | Resigned October 20, 1837 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Charles D. Coffin (W) | Seated December 20, 1837 |- | Mississippi At-large | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John F. H. Claiborne (D) | Seat declared vacant February 5, 1838 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Seargent S. Prentiss (W) | Seated May 30, 1838 |- | Mississippi At-large | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Samuel J. Gholson (D) | Seat declared vacant February 5, 1838 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Thomas J. Word (W) | Seated May 30, 1838 |- | Pennsylvania 9th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (D) | Resigned February 9, 1838, after being appointed Minister to Austrian Empire | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | George M. Keim (D) | Seated March 17, 1838 |- | Maine 3rd | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jonathan Cilley (D) | Killed in a duel February 24, 1838, by Rep. William J. Graves | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Edward Robinson (W) | Seated April 28, 1838 |- | Maine 5th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Timothy J. Carter (D) | Died March 14, 1838 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Virgil D. Parris (D) | Seated May 29, 1838 |- | Maryland 4th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Isaac McKim (D) | Died April 1, 1838 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | John P. Kennedy (W) | Seated April 25, 1838 |- | Virginia 13th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John M. Patton (D) | Resigned April 7, 1838 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Linn Banks (D) | Seated April 28, 1838 |- | Alabama 3rd | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Joab Lawler (W) | Died May 8, 1838 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | George W. Crabb (W) | Seated October 5, 1835 |- | Ohio 19th | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Daniel Kilgore (D) | Resigned July 4, 1838 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Henry Swearingen (D) | Seated December 3, 1838 |- | Ohio 16th | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Elisha Whittlesey (W) | Resigned July 9, 1838 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Joshua R. Giddings (W) | Seated December 3, 1838 |- | New York 22nd | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Andrew D. Bruyn (D) | Died July 27, 1838 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Cyrus Beers (D) | Seated December 3, 1838 |- | New York 29th | style="background-color:#F0C862" | William Patterson (W) | Died August 14, 1838 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Harvey Putnam (W) | Seated November 7, 1838 |- | Iowa Territory At-large | New seat | Iowa Territory seated its first delegate September 10, 1838 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | George Wallace Jones (D) | Seated September 10, 1838

|- | Massachusetts 2nd | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Stephen C. Phillips (W) | Seat declared vacant September 28, 1838 | style="background-color:#F0C862" | Leverett Saltonstall (W) | Seated December 15, 1838 |- | Maine 1st | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John Fairfield (D) | Resigned December 24, 1838, after being elected Governor of Maine | Vacant | Not filled this congress |- | Wisconsin Territory At-large | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | George Wallace Jones (D) | Lost contested election January 14, 1839 | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James D. Doty (D) | Seated January 14, 1839 |- | Louisiana 2nd | style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Eleazar W. Ripley (D) | Died March 2, 1839 | Vacant | Not filled this congress |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Jacksonians
  2. ^ Anti-Jacksonians
  3. ^ Nullifier
  4. ^ Jacksonians
  5. ^ Anti-Jacksonians

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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