Bombay Hindi
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
Bombay Hindi is a variant of Hindustani spoken in Mumbai.[1] Colloquially, the younger generation of native speakers uses the term Bhindi (Hindi: भिंदी) to refer to the local dialect as a vernacular portmanteau for “Bombay Hindi”. The dialect incorporates words and pronunciations from Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, English, and bits from other languages of India e.g. Urdu. Linguistically, the predominant substratum influence on Mumbai is Marathi native people, reflecting Mumbai's location in a wider Marathi-speaking area.[2]
General
While many such local dialects have evolved in cosmopolitan cities around the world, Bombay Hindi/Urdu is widely known throughout India[citation needed] as a result of its frequent use in Bollywood movies. Initially, this dialect was used to represent crooks and uncouth characters as, to quote film critic Shoma A. Chatterji, "Indian films have the unique quality of different characters speaking different varieties of Hindi according to their social status, their caste, communal identity, education, profession, financial status, etc. [...] The villain's goons, speak in a special vulgarised, Bambaiya Hindi concocted specifically to typify such screen characters in Hindi cinema.".[3] Lately, however, Bambaiya Hindi has become popular and prominent, particular with the success of the Munnabhai movies, in which the lead characters - being members of the Mumbai criminal underworld - speak entirely in this dialect.[4]
Despite this increase in popularity, this dialect has its critics, and is sometimes seen as being disrespectful and vulgar.[5]
Among the more prominent neologisms which originated in Bambaiyya Hindi but have spread throughout India are the words bindaas (from Marathi (Bin + Dhast = Without Fear, meaning 'relaxed'; this word was incorporated into the Oxford English Dictionary in 2005[6]) and Gandhigiri (invented in the movie Lage Raho Munna Bhai, a portmanteau of Gandhi and -giri, which is similar to the English 'ism'(as in Gandhi-ism), though slightly more informal).
Bollywood has also incorporated many Marathi words in Hindi like Thaska, Wakda, Porgi, Navri, Navrai. Many Hindi songs have few Marathi words added.
Words and expressions of Mumbai Hindi
| Mumbai Hindi | English | Standard Hindustani | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| apun (अपुन) | I (myself) | मैं (maĩ) | |
| tereko (तेरेको) | (To) you | तुझे (tujhe) | |
| mereko (मेरेको) | (To) me | मुझे (mujhe) | |
| dho ḍalā (धो डाला) | Beaten up | पीट दिया (peet diya) | Often used in the context of a physical fight/competition between two people or teams. Lit. washed up, as in the loser of the fight. |
| yeḍe/ā/ī(येडे) | Idiot | पागल (pāgal) | Based on Marathi word Yedya meaning Idiot |
| idharich (इधरिच) | Right here | यहीं पर (yaheen par) or इधर ही (idhar hee) | |
| udharich (उधरीच) | There | उधर ही (udhar hī) or वहीं पर (vahan par) | |
| kopchā(कोपचा) | Corner | konā (कोना) | From Marathi work Kopra meaning corner |
| kāyko (कायको)/Kayku | Why | kyun (क्यों) | |
| lochā (लोचा)or lochā labācā (लोचा लबाचा) | Problem | samasyā (समस्या) | From Marathi"locha" word meaning "problem" |
| machmach (मचमच), baḍbaḍ (बड़बड़) | Someone who annoys you by talking their problems, crib-crib, rambling | khiṭpiṭ (खिटपिट) | |
| sallang or jhakās (झकास) or faṭṭe or dhasu or fattang or kadak or dhinchak or rapchik | Excellent | baṛiyā (बढ़िया) | |
| māndavli (मांडवली) or Setting | Compromise or understanding | Samjhauta (समझौता) | Used primarily to agree on territory demarcation |
| Topi (टोपी) or jholar | Fraud | Dhokha (धोखा) | Slang usage, Topi literally means cap |
| Nalla (नल्ला) | Transgender | Pratilipi (प्रतिलिपि), chakka(छक्का) | |
| Shaana (शाणा) | Smart fellow or wiseass | Hoshiyar (होशियार), Sayana | From Marathi work 'Shahana' clever |
| Saala (साला ), Saali (साली ) | As Dude, wives brother/ sister | Kamina (कमीना), Kamini (कमीनी) | Mild swear word |
| Shaanapanti (शाणापन्ति), shaanpatti (शानपट्टी) | Acting smart | Hoshiyari (होशियारी), Sayanapan | Based on Marathi word Shahanpan meaning Acting smart |
| Chidiya (चिड़िया) | pager | पेजर (pager) | Local slang, literally means Sparrow |
| Kauwa (कौवा) | Mobile phone | मोबाइल (mobile) or दूरभाष (duurbhash) | Local slang, literally means crow |
| Ghoda (घोड़ा) | Gun | Bandooq (बंदूक) | Local slang, literally means horse |
| Satak le, kat le (सटक ले, कट ले) | Get out, beat it | Khisak le (खिसक ले) or निकल ले (nikal le) | |
| Ghanta (घंटा) | Nothing | Kuchh Nahi (कुछ नहीं) | Local slang, literally means bell |
| Tapori (टपोरी) | Dude, guy, hoodlum | Awara (आवारा), Lafanga (लफ़ंगा) | See dedicated page Tapori (word) |
| Mamoo (मामू) | Sir (Police) | Sahab (साहब), Sirjee (सरजी) | |
| Sultana (सुल्टाना) | To resolve an issue | Suljhana (सुलझाना) | |
| Fattu (फट्टू) | Coward | Darpok (डरपोक), Kaayar (कायर) | |
| Mama (मामा)/ Pandu | Cop | पुलिसवाला (Policewala) | Local slang, literally means maternal uncle |
| Lafda (लफड़ा) | Fight, problem, Love-Affair | Ladai (लड़ाई), Prem-sambandh (प्रेम-संबन्ध) | |
| Chhaavi (छावी) or item 'Maal' | Girlfriend | Saheli (सहेली) | |
| Chikna (m.) (चिकना), Chikni (f.) (चिकनी) | Fair complexioned person, well dressed person | गोरा [Gora (m.)], गोरी [Gori (f.)] | Local slang, literally means smooth or slick/oily |
| Thhaasna (ठासना) or tharra | Alcohol | शराब (Sharaab) or मदिरा (madira) | Tijori (tijori) 50 Crore or equivalent to 500 million INR. |
| Hadakna (हड़कना) | To eat | Khana (खाना) | |
| Bablya (बाबल्या) | Bus driver/conductor or ticket collector | Marathi for baby(kid) | |
| Sutta (सुट्टा) | Cigarette | Cigrett (सिगरेट) | This slang term has achieved near-universal usage in India and Pakistan
[7] [8] |
| Waat lagna (वाट लगना) | To have a major problem | मुसीबत में आना (Museebat me aana) | From Marathi work 'Waat Laagali' |
| Wat le (वट ले ), Phoot(फूट ), wantas ki goli le (वन्टास की गोली ले ) | Get out,Run from The problem, save your soul | Bhagana (भागना या भगाना ) | |
| Dabba (डब्बा) | Police vehicle | पुलिस गाड़ी (Police gaadi) | Local slang, literally means box |
| Samaan (सामान) | Weapon | Hathyar (हथियार) | Local slang, literally means luggage or the stuff |
| Kaccha Limbu (कच्चा लिम्बू) | Rookie/ Noob | नौसिखिया (nausikhiya) | Local slang, usually used during gully cricket for a noob or to downright embarrass someone |
| Lafda nahin karne ka (लफड़ा नहीं करने का) | Do not fight | लड़ना मत (Larna mat) or लड़ाई नहीं करना (ladai naheen karna) | Larna functions a verb, lafda as a noun |
| Patli galli se satak le (पतली गली से सटक ले) | Go away from here quietly | कोई रास्ता देख के भाग ले (koi rasta dekh ke bhag le) | It is used when you want to warn a person by telling him to go away from the scene |
| Hawa aane de (हवा आने दे) | Go away, let me breathe some air | हवा आने दे (hawa aane de) | It is used when you want to warn a person by telling him to go away from the scene |
| Abe Saale (अबे साले) | hello friend,listen | अबे साले (abe sale) | Casual way of calling when other friend is not ready for something. |
| Thakela (थकेला) | A weak person | कमज़ोर (kamzor) | A local slang used for a person who is not energetic or seems dull most of the time |
| Hari Patti (हरी पत्ती) | Money | पैसा (paisa) | Hari Patti means green note, directly referring to the 500 rupee note, which is green in colour |
| Churan (चूरन) | Lie | झूठ (jhoot) | Churan is a slang used to describe a lie spoken by a person |
| Taliya | Bald | गंजा (ganja) | Taliya is a slang used to describe a bald person especially at the crown part of the head, although can be used for any conspicuous bald person |
| Peti (पेटी) | One Lakh Rupees | एक लाख रुपये (Ek Lākh Rupaye) | One hundred thousand rupees |
| Khoka (खोका) | One Crore Rupees | एक करोड़ रुपये (Ek Karoṛ Rupaye) | Ten million rupees |
| Bhidu (भिडु) | Friend | दोस्त, यार (Dost, Yaar) | |
| Bakri (बकड़ी) | Smartphone (with a touchscreen) | स्मार्टफोन (smartphone) | Local slang, literally means goat/sheep |
| Bhains (भैंस) | Laptop computer | लैपटॉप (laptop) | Local slang, literally means buffalo |
| Haati (हाथी) | Desktop computer | कंप्यूटर (computer) | Local slang, literally means elephant |
| Sumdi mein (सुमड़ी में) | Incognito or secret | चुपके से (Chupke se) | Local slang, Means to something without making any noise |
| Bol Bacchan (बोल बच्चन) | Talk | बातचीत (Baatcheet) | Generally means a disparaging address to talkative person, indicating that the content of his talk is previously known and so is uninteresting (Boring out of predictability, repetitive or tedious) and perhaps empty talk. |
| Jhol (झोल) | Scam | घपला (Ghapla), घोटाला (Ghotala) | Generally means scam. Sometimes can be used for arranagement (as in "Jhol karna") |
| Keeda (कीड़ा) | Pest | कीड़ा (keeda) | A trouble or nuisance maker |
| Fund / Pant | To steal, scam | चोरी (Chori) | Generally refers to a small robbery |
| Re/Ray or Bantai | Hey! | हे (hey) | Attention grabber in conversation with another |
| cutting (कटिंग) | Half cup of Tea | आधी ग्लास चाय (aadhi glass chai) | tambi, ek cutting de: Waiter: I'll take half cup of tea |
| dabba dalke aata hu (डब्बा डालके आता हूँ) | Lavatory visit | टॉयलेट हो के आता हूँ (toilet hoke aata hun) | 'I'm going to the toilet' |
| Moot Marna / Dhaar Marna (मूठ मारना/ धार मारना) | Going for urination | मूत्र विसर्जन करना (Mootra Visarjan Karna) हस्थ मैथुन(सैक्स) करना (Hasth Maithun Karna) | Literally give out urine, also used as a euphemism for masturbation |
| Ghungroo Salman (घुंघरू सलमान) | Curly haired | घुंगराले बालवाला (ghunrale baal wala) | Ghungroo refers to a curly haired guy.[9] |
| Off ho gaya/ tapak gaya (ऑफ हो गया/टपक गया) | To Die/ Died | मर गया (Mar gaya) | E.g.: Mera dost off ho gaya = My friend died |
| Kharcha-Paani (खर्चा-पानी) | Bribe/Pocket Money and To beat | रिश्वत (Rishwat) and मारना (Maarna) | E.g.: Khopche me dun kya Kharcha Pani = Do you want me to beat you in a corner |
| Rapchik (रापचिक) | Looking Hot | सुन्दर (Sundar) | E.g.: Aaj bahut Rapchik lag rahi hai tu |
| Chapter (चैप्टर) | Cunning / Shrewd | चालाक | E.g. बहुत Chapter है वो , उसे कम मत समझो. He is quite cunning. Do not underestimate him. |
| Hatela (हटेला) | Highly Stubborn | हठी, अड़ियल (अगर जिद पर आ गया तो कुछ भी कर डालेगा) | उससे पंगा मत लो, हटेला है वो. Dont take issues with him, he is quite stubborn and can lose his balance. |
See also
References
- ^ Dialects of Hindi
- ^ University of Kerala. Dept. of Linguistics, International journal of Dravidian linguistics, Volume 3, Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Kerala., 1974,
... In the case of Bombay Hindi-Urdu, the predominant sub-stratum structure is that of Marathi, a language which is structurally quite close of Hindi ...
- ^ See 'The Language Detail' in Shoma A. Chatterji's paper, The Culturespecific Use of Sound in India Cinema, presented in 1999.
- ^ The Hindu newspaper, May 11, 2007. Chronicles of the City. Read online.
- ^ DNA, Verbal assault of Bambaiya Hindi, December 12, 2006. Read online.
- ^ Indian Express, August 10, 2005, 'Bindaas' finds its way to the Oxford Dictionary. Read online.
- ^ Patel
- ^ Style
- ^ Mid Day newspaper, May 5, 2005. Diary. Read online.
External links
- Dialects of Hindi
- Metroblogging Mumbai Dictionary
- Exhaustive List of Bambaiyya Hindi Words
- List of Bambaiyya Idioms, Phrases and Expressions
