Daisaku Ikeda
Daisaku Ikeda | |
---|---|
![]() Daisaku Ikeda(May 2010) | |
President of Soka Gakkai International (SGI) | |
Assumed office 26 January 1975 | |
Honorary President of Soka Gakkai | |
Assumed office 24 April 1979 | |
Succeeded by | President of Soka Gakkai Hiroshi Hojo (北条浩) Einosuke Akiya Minoru Harada |
3rd President of Soka Gakkai | |
In office 3 May 1960 – 24 April 1979 | |
Preceded by | Jōsei Toda Acting President Takashi Koizumi(小泉隆) |
Succeeded by | Hiroshi Hojo (北条浩) |
Personal details | |
Born | Japanese Empire, Tokyo, Ōta | 2 January 1928
Spouse | Kaneko Ikeda (池田香峯子) |
Children | |
Parents |
|
Residence(s) | Japan, Tokyo, Shinjuku-Ku, Shinanomachi (信濃町) |
Alma mater | Fuji Junior College (present-day Tokyo Fuji University)[1] |
Signature | ![]() |
Website | daisakuikeda |
Daisaku Ikeda (池田 大作, Ikeda Daisaku, born 2 January 1928) is a Buddhist philosopher, educator, author, and nuclear disarmament advocate.[2][3][4] He has served as the third president and then honorary president of the Soka Gakkai, the largest of Japan's new religious movements.[5] Ikeda is the founding president of the Soka Gakkai International (SGI), the world's largest Buddhist lay organization with approximately 12 million practitioners in 192 countries and territories.[6][7]
Ikeda was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1928, to a family of seaweed farmers. He survived the devastation of World War II as a teenager, which he said left an indelible mark on his life and fueled his quest to solve the fundamental causes of human conflict. At age 19, Ikeda began practicing Nichiren Buddhism and joined a youth group of the Soka Gakkai Buddhist association, which led to his lifelong work developing the global peace movement of SGI and founding dozens of institutions dedicated to fostering peace, culture and education.[7]: 3 [8]
Ikeda's vision for the SGI has been described as a "borderless Buddhist humanism that emphasizes free thinking and personal development based on respect for all life."[7]: 26 In the 1960s, Ikeda worked to reopen Japan's national relations with China and also to establish the Soka education network of humanistic schools from kindergartens through university level, while beginning to write what would become his multi-volume historical novel, The Human Revolution, about the Soka Gakkai's development during his mentor Josei Toda's tenure. In 1975, he established the Soka Gakkai International, and throughout the 1970s initiated a series of citizen diplomacy efforts through international educational and cultural exchanges for peace. Since the 1980s, he has increasingly called for the elimination of nuclear weapons.[7]: 23–25
By 2015, Ikeda had published more than 50 dialogues with scholars, peace activists and leading world figures. In his role as SGI president, Ikeda has visited 55 nations and spoken on subjects including peace, environment, economics, women's rights, interfaith dialogue, nuclear disarmament, and Buddhism and science. Every year on the anniversary of the SGI's founding, 26 January, Ikeda submits a peace proposal to the United Nations.[7]: 11 [9]
Early life and background
Ikeda was born in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan, on 2 January 1928. Ikeda had four older brothers, two younger brothers, and a younger sister. His parents later adopted two more children, for a total of 10 children. Since the mid-nineteenth century, the Ikeda family had successfully farmed nori, edible seaweed, in Tokyo Bay. By the turn of the twentieth century, the Ikeda family business was the largest producer of nori in Tokyo. However, after the devastation of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the family's enterprise was left in ruins, and by the time Ikeda was born, his family was financially struggling.[7]
In 1937, full-blown war erupted between Japan and China, and Ikeda's eldest brother, Kiichi, was drafted into military service. Within a few years, Ikeda's three other elder brothers were drafted as well.[10] In 1942, while all of his older brothers were overseas in the Asian theatres of World War II, Ikeda's father, Nenokichi, fell ill and was bedridden for two years. To help support his family, at the age of 14, Ikeda began working in the Niigata Steelworks munitions factory as part of Japan's wartime youth labor corps.[11]
In May 1945, Ikeda's home was destroyed by fire during an Allied air raid, and his family was forced to move to the Omori area of Tokyo. In May 1947, after having received no word from his eldest brother, Kiichi, for several years, the Ikeda family — in particular, his mother — was informed by the Japanese government that Kiichi had been killed in action in Burma (now Myanmar).[12][8]
In August 1947, at the age of 19, Ikeda was invited by an old friend to attend a Buddhist discussion meeting. It was there that he met Josei Toda, the second president of Japan's Soka Gakkai Buddhist organization. As a result of this encounter, Ikeda immediately began practicing Nichiren Buddhism and joined the Soka Gakkai. He regarded Toda as his spiritual mentor, and became a charter member of the group's youth division, later stating that Toda influenced him through "the profound compassion that characterized each of his interactions."[13]
Career
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Daisaku_Ikeda_at_age_19.jpg/160px-Daisaku_Ikeda_at_age_19.jpg)
Shortly after the end of World War II, in January 1946, Ikeda gained employment with the Shobundo Printing Company in Tokyo. In March 1948, Ikeda graduated from Toyo Trade School and the following month entered the night school extension of Taisei Gakuin (present-day Tokyo Fuji University) where he majored in political science.[8] During this time, he worked as an editor of the children's magazine Shonen Nihon (Boy's Life Japan), which was published by one of Josei Toda's companies.[11][8] Over the next several years, between 1948 and 1953, Ikeda worked for various Toda-owned enterprises, including the Nihon Shogakkan publishing company, the Tokyo Construction Trust credit association, and the Okura Shoji trading company.[11][8]
Youth leadership
In 1953, at the age of 25, Ikeda was appointed as one of the Soka Gakkai's youth leaders. The following year, he was appointed as director of the Soka Gakkai's public relations bureau, and later became its chief of staff.[14]: 85 [11]: 77
In April 1957, a group of young Soka Gakkai members in Osaka were arrested for allegedly distributing money, cigarettes and candies to support the political campaign of a local electoral candidate (who was also a Soka Gakkai member). Ikeda was later arrested and detained in jail for two weeks, charged with allegedly overseeing these activities. Ikeda's arrest came at a time when Soka Gakkai Buddhist candidates were achieving success at both national and local levels. With the growing influence of this liberal grassroots movement, factions of the conservative political establishment initiated a series of media attacks on the Soka Gakkai, culminating in Ikeda's arrest. After a lengthy court case that lasted until 1962, Ikeda was cleared of all charges.[15] The Soka Gakkai characterized this as a triumph over corrupt tyranny, which galvanized its movement.[3]
Soka Gakkai presidency
In May 1960, two years after Toda's death, Ikeda, then 32 years old, succeeded him as president of the Soka Gakkai. Soon after, Ikeda began to travel overseas to build connections between Soka Gakkai members living abroad and expand the movement globally.[16] The expansion of the Soka Gakkai movement internationally was, in Ikeda's words, "Toda's will for the future."[17] With his assumption of the Soka Gakkai presidency, Ikeda "continued the task begun by [Soka Gakkai founder] Tsunesaburo Makiguchi of fusing the ideas and principles of educational pragmatism with the elements of Buddhist doctrine."[2]
While the Soka Gakkai saw its most dramatic growth after World War II under Toda's leadership, Ikeda led the international growth of the Soka Gakkai and turned it into what is considered the largest, most diverse international lay Buddhist association in the world.[6][18] He reformed many of the organization's practices, including the aggressive conversion style (known as shakubuku) for which the group had become known in Japan, and improved the organization's public image, though it was sometimes still viewed with suspicion in Japan.[19][20][21][22][23] "By the 1970s, Ikeda's leadership had expanded the Soka Gakkai into an international lay Buddhist movement increasingly active in peace, cultural, and educational activities."[24]
Soka Gakkai International founding
On 26 January 1975, a world peace conference was held in Guam, where Soka Gakkai representatives from 51 countries created an umbrella organization for the growing network of members around the world. This became the Soka Gakkai International (SGI). Ikeda took a leading role in the global organization's development and became the founding president of the SGI. In his address to the assembly, Ikeda encouraged the representatives to dedicate themselves to altruistic action, stating "Please devote yourselves to planting seeds of peace throughout the world."[11]: 128
The SGI was created in part as a new international peace movement, and its founding meeting was held in Guam in a symbolic gesture referencing Guam's history as the site of some of World War II's bloodiest battles, and proximity to Tinian Island, launching place of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.[25]
Resignation from Soka Gakkai presidency
From 1964 to 1990, Ikeda held the title of Sokoto (lay leader) among Nichiren Shōshū adherents. In 1979, Ikeda resigned as president of the Soka Gakkai (in Japan), accepting responsibility for the organization's purported deviation from Nichiren Shōshū doctrines and accompanying conflict with its priesthood.[26] Nichiren Shōshū was the Buddhist denomination with which the Soka Gakkai had been associated since its founding, but the relationship between the two organizations was often strained. Hiroshi Hojo succeeded Ikeda as Soka Gakkai president, and Ikeda remained president of the Soka Gakkai International. Ikeda was also made honorary president of the Soka Gakkai in Japan.[27]
Ikeda and the Soka Gakkai were excommunicated by Nichiren Shoshu on 28 November 1991[8][28][29][30] and on 11 August 1992.[31][32] Following the group's excommunication, Soka Gakkai members began to describe their group as Buddhism's first Protestant movement.[33]
Legacy
Ikeda's leadership "globalized the Soka Gakkai and harnessed its energy to goals that suited new generations in different cultures"[34] and subsequently developed the SGI into a broad-based grassroots peace movement around the world. Ikeda is credited with having fostered among SGI members an ethos of social responsibility and a strong spirit of global citizenship.[35] Ikeda's thoughts and work on a "Buddhist-based humanism"[36] are situated within a broader tradition of East-West dialogue in search of humanistic ideals.[37] In his biography of historian Arnold J. Toynbee, William McNeill describes the aim of the Toynbee-Ikeda dialogues as a "convergence of East and West," positing the pragmatic significance of which would be realized by the "flourishing in the Western world" of the Soka Gakkai organization.[38] Goulah's research into transformative world language learning characterizes Ikeda's Buddhist-inspired refinement of Makiguchi's Soka education philosophy as an approach engendering a "world view of dialogic resistance" that responds to the limitations of a neoliberal world view of education.[39]
Accomplishments
Central to Ikeda's activities, whether they be on an institutional level or as a private citizen, is his belief in "Buddhist principles ... rooted in our shared humanity, ... where faith and human dignity intersect to promote positive change in society."[40]: 296 His view of a "Buddhist humanism," the fostering of mutual respect and dignity, emphasizes human agency to engage in dialogue.
Institutional engagement
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Daisaku_Ikeda_meeting_with_international_students_at_Soka_University_on_16_March_1990.jpg/250px-Daisaku_Ikeda_meeting_with_international_students_at_Soka_University_on_16_March_1990.jpg)
Ikeda has founded many global institutions for the development of peace, culture and education, including Soka University in Tokyo, Japan, and Soka University of America in Aliso Viejo, California; Soka kindergarten, primary and secondary schools in Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil and Singapore; the Victor Hugo House of Literature, in the Île-de-France region of France; the International Committee of Artists for Peace in the United States; the Min-On Concert Association in Japan; the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum in Japan; the Institute of Oriental Philosophy in Japan with offices in France, Hong Hong, India, Russia and the United Kingdom; the Toda Peace Institute in Japan and the United States; and the Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, and Dialogue in the United States.[41]
Since 1990, Ikeda has partnered with Rabbi Abraham Cooper and the Simon Wiesenthal Center, a Jewish human rights organization, to combat anti-Semitism in Japan. In a 2001 interview, Rabbi Cooper stated he was "getting nowhere after reaching out to the Japanese media about anti-Semitism in Japan. The only partners we found to help us bring our concerns to the Japanese public were people from Soka University under the leadership of Daisaku Ikeda. If you ask me who our best friend in Japan is, who 'gets it,' it is Ikeda. He was actually our first visitor to the Museum of Tolerance." Their friendship led to the joint development of a Japanese-language Holocaust exhibition The Courage to Remember, which was seen by more than two million people in Japan between 1994 and 2007. In 2015, a new version of the exhibit opened in Tokyo focusing on the bravery of Anne Frank and Chiune Sugihara.[11][42]
Ikeda was an original proponent of the Earth Charter Initiative, co-founded by Mikhail Gorbachev, and Ikeda has included details of the Charter in many of his annual peace proposals since 1997. The SGI has supported the Earth Charter with production of global exhibitions including Seeds of Change in 2002 that traveled to 27 nations and Seeds of Hope in 2010, correlating with the Earth Charter-related documentary film, A Quiet Revolution, which the SGI has donated to schools and educational programs around the world.[43][44]
Since January 26, 1983, Ikeda has submitted annual peace proposals to the United Nations, addressing such areas as building a culture of peace, gender equality in education, empowerment of women, UN reform and universal human rights with a view on global civilization.[45] Ikeda's proposals for nuclear disarmament and abolishing nuclear weapons submitted to the special session of the UN General Assembly in 1978, 1982 and 1988 built on his mentor Josei Toda's 1957 declaration condemning such weapons of mass destruction as "an absolute evil that threatens the people's right of existence."[46]
Citizen diplomacy
Ikeda's work has been described by academics as citizen diplomacy for his contributions to diplomatic as well as intercultural ties between Japan and other countries, and more broadly among all peoples of the world.[47][48][49] Ikeda's dialogues with scholars, politicians, and cultural figures have increased awareness and support of humanitarian and peace activities, have facilitated deeper international relationships, and generated support for SGI-sponsored work on global issues including the environment and nuclear disarmament.[50][51]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Countries_Visited_by_SGI_President_Daisaku_Ikeda.jpg/220px-Countries_Visited_by_SGI_President_Daisaku_Ikeda.jpg)
Academic researchers have suggested the body of literature chronicling Ikeda's diplomatic efforts and his more than 7,000 international dialogues[52] provides readers with a personal education and model of citizen diplomacy and, from a scholarly view, represents "a new current in interculturalism and educational philosophy."[53][54][55][56]
In 1970, Ikeda met several times with Austrian-Japanese politician and philosopher Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, an early pioneer of the European Union. Their discussions included East-West relations and the future of peace work.[57] Between 1971 and 1974, Ikeda conducted multiple dialogues with Arnold J. Toynbee in London and Tokyo. The major topics of their meetings were published as the book Choose Life.[58] In 1974, Ikeda conducted a dialogue with French novelist and Minister of Cultural Affairs Andre Malraux.[59]
In September 1974, Ikeda visited the Soviet Union and met with Premier Alexei Kosygin. During their dialogue, Kosygin agreed with Ikeda, saying "We must abandon the very idea of war. It is meaningless. If we stop preparing for war and prepare instead for peace, we can produce food instead of armaments." He then asked Ikeda, "What is your basic ideology?" Ikeda replied, "I believe in peace, culture and education – the underlying basis of which is humanism." Kosygin said, "I have a high regard for those values. We need to realize them here in the Soviet Union as well."[60][61]: 415 [62]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ikeda_Center_for_Peace%2C_Learning%2C_and_Dialogue%2C_Harvard_Street%2C_Boston_USA.jpg/220px-Ikeda_Center_for_Peace%2C_Learning%2C_and_Dialogue%2C_Harvard_Street%2C_Boston_USA.jpg)
In January 1975, Ikeda met with Henry Kissinger, the United States Secretary of State, to "urge the de-escalation of nuclear tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union."[4] The same month Ikeda met with Secretary-General of the United Nations Kurt Waldheim. Ikeda presented Waldheim with a petition containing the signatures of 10,000,000 people calling for total nuclear abolition. The petition was organized by youth groups of the Soka Gakkai International and was inspired by Ikeda's longtime anti-nuclear efforts.[63]
Ikeda's meetings with Nelson Mandela in the 1990s led to a series of SGI-sponsored anti-apartheid lectures, a traveling exhibit, and multiple student exchange programs at the university level.[64]
Sino-Japanese relations
Ikeda made several visits to China and met with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1974, though Sino-Japanese tensions remained over the brutalities of war waged by the Japanese militarists.[65] The visits led to the establishment of cultural exchanges of art, dance and music between China and Japan and opened academic exchanges between Chinese educational institutions and Soka University.[64] Chinese media describe Ikeda as an early proponent of normalizing diplomatic relations between China and Japan in the 1970s, citing his 1968 proposal that drew condemnation by some and the interest of others including Zhou Enlai.[66][67] It was said that Zhou Enlai entrusted Ikeda with ensuring that "Sino-Japanese friendship would continue for generations to come."[68]
Since 1975, cultural exchanges have continued between the Min-On Concert Association, founded by Ikeda, and institutions including the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.[69][70] After Ikeda's 1984 visit to China and meetings with public figures including Chinese Communist Party Leader Hu Yaobang and Deng Yingchao, academic observers estimated that Ikeda's 1968 proposal moved Japanese public sentiment to support closer diplomatic ties with China and his cultivation of educational and cultural ties helped strengthen state relations.[71]
Accolades
International awards
During a Turin Book Fair-hosted event concluding the 2018 five-day FIRMA-Faiths in Tune festival of religion, music and art, held in 2018 for the first time in Italy, an international jury presented a FIRMA award to Daisaku Ikeda "for his lifelong commitment to interreligious dialogue."[72] Other international awards received by Ikeda include:
Australia: Gold Medal for Peace with Justice from the Sydney Peace Foundation (2009)[73][74]
Australia: Gandhi International Prize for Social Responsibility (2014)[75]
China: International Literary Award for Understanding and Friendship from the China Literature Foundation and Chinese Writersʼ Association (2003)[76]
India: Tagore Peace Award (1997)[77]
India: Jamnalal Bajaj Award for Outstanding Contribution in Promotion of Gandhian Values Outside India by Individuals other than Indian Citizens (2005)[78]
India: Indology Award for Outstanding Contribution in the Field of Indic Research and Oriental Wisdom (2011)[79]
Macedonia: World Prize for Humanism (Macedonian: НА СВЕТСКАТА НАГРАДА ЗА ХУМАНИЗАМ) from the Ohrid Academy of Humanism (2007)[80]
Philippines: Rizal International Peace Award (1998)[81]
Philippines: Golden Heart Award from the Knights of Rizal (2012) [82]
Philippines: Gusi Peace Prize[83]
Russia: Order of Friendship of the Russian Federation (2008)[84]
Singapore: Wee Kim Wee Gold Award (2017)[85]
United Nations: United Nations Peace Medal (1983)[86][87][88]
United States: Rosa Parks Humanitarian Award (1993)[87]
United States: International Tolerance Award from the Simon Wiesenthal Center (1993)[87]
United States: Education as Transformation Award from the Education as Transformation Project, Wellesley College (2001)[87]
International honors
In 1999, the Martin Luther King Jr. Chapel at Morehouse College in Atlanta honored Ikeda with the creation of the Gandhi King Ikeda Institute for Ethics and Reconciliation. In 2001, a traveling exhibition was created titled Gandhi, King, Ikeda: A Legacy of Building Peace that showcases the peace activism of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, and Daisaku Ikeda. Also in 2001, Lawrence Carter, an ordained Baptist minister and a dean at Morehouse College in Atlanta, initiated the annual Gandhi, King, Ikeda Community Builders Prize as a way of extolling individuals whose actions for peace transcend cultural, national and philosophical boundaries. The 2015 Gandhi King Ikeda award was bestowed upon Islamic scholar Fethullah Gülen.[89][90][91]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Reflecting_pool_and_visitor_center_at_the_Dr._Daisaku_Ikeda_Park_in_Londrina_Brazil.jpg/220px-Reflecting_pool_and_visitor_center_at_the_Dr._Daisaku_Ikeda_Park_in_Londrina_Brazil.jpg)
In 2000, the city of Londrina, Brazil honored Ikeda by naming a 300-acre nature reserve in his name. The Dr. Daisaku Ikeda Ecological Park is open to the public and its land, waterways, fauna and wildlife are protected by Brazil's Federal Conservation Law.[92]
In 2014, the City of Chicago named a section of Wabash Avenue in downtown Chicago "Daisaku Ikeda Way," with the Chicago City Council measure passing unanimously, 49 to 0.[93]
The United States House of Representatives and individual states including Georgia, Missouri, and Illinois have passed resolutions honoring the service and dedication of Daisaku Ikeda as one "who has dedicated his entire life to building peace and promoting human rights through education and cultural exchange with deep conviction in the shared humanity of our entire global family." The state of Missouri praised Ikeda and his value of "education and culture as the prerequisites for the creation of true peace in which the dignity and fundamental rights of all people are respected."[94][95][96][97][98]
The Club of Rome has named Ikeda an honorary member,[99] and Ikeda has received more than 760 honorary citizenships from cities and municipalities around the world.[7]
At the International Day for Poets of Peace in February 2016, an initiative launched by the Mohammed bin Rashid World Peace Award, Daisaku Ikeda from Japan along with Kholoud Al Mulla from the UAE, K. Satchidanandan from India and Farouq Gouda from Egypt were named International Poets of Peace.[100] In presenting the honors, Shaikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan described the initiative as reinforcing "the idea that poetry, and literature in general, are a universal language that plays an important role in spreading the message of peace in the world," echoing the sentiments of Dr Hamad Al Shaikh Al Shaibani, chair of the World Peace Award's board of trustees, who cited the role of poets in "promoting a culture of hope and solidarity."[101]
Academic honors
In November 2010, the University of Massachusetts Boston bestowed an honorary doctorate upon Ikeda, marking the 300th academic honor he had received since receipt of his first honorary doctorate in 1975 from Moscow State University.[102] In his message of appreciation to the University of Massachusetts Boston, Ikeda said "The academic honors I have accepted have all been on behalf of the members of SGI around the world. This is recognition of their multifaceted contributions. As a private citizen, I will redouble my efforts to promote peace, cultural exchange and education."[103]
Number | Country | Institution | Title conferred | Place and date |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | USSR | Moscow State University | honorary doctorate | May 1975[104] |
2 | Peru | National University of San Marcos | hon. professorship | April 1981[citation needed] |
3 | Bulgaria | Sofia University | honorary doctorate | May 1981[citation needed] |
4 | China | Peking University | honorary professorship | June 1984[citation needed] |
5 | China | Fudan University | honorary professorship | June 1984[citation needed] |
6 | Dominican Republic | Autonomous University of Santo Domingo | honorary professorship | February 1987[citation needed] |
7 | Argentina | University of Buenos Aires | honorary doctorate | March 1990[citation needed] |
8 | Mexico | University of Guanajuato | honorary doctorate (Maestro Emérito) | March 1990[citation needed] |
9 | China | Wuhan University | honorary professorship | November 1990[citation needed] |
10 | Macau | University of Macau | honorary professorship | January 1991[105] |
11 | Philippines | University of the Philippines | honorary doctorate of law | April 1991[citation needed] |
12 | Argentina | University of Palermo | honorary doctorate | May 1991[citation needed] |
13 | Hong Kong | Chinese University of Hong Kong | distinguished visiting professor | January 1992[106] |
14 | Turkey | Ankara University | honorary doctorate of social science | June 1992[citation needed] |
15 | China | Chinese Academy of Social Sciences | honorary research professor | October 1992[citation needed] |
16 | Kenya | University of Nairobi | honorary doctorate of letters | December 1992[107] |
17 | Brazil | Federal University of Rio de Janeiro | honorary doctorate | February 1993[citation needed] |
18 | Argentina | National University of Lomas de Zamora | honorary doctorate | February 1993[citation needed] |
19 | Argentina | National University of Lomas de Zamora | honorary professorship, faculty of law | February 1993[citation needed] |
20 | Argentina | National University of Córdoba | honorary professorship | February 1993[citation needed] |
21 | Paraguay | National University of Asunción | honorary doctorate of philosophy | February 1993[citation needed] |
22 | Brazil | University of São Paulo | honorary visiting professor[dubious – discuss] | February 1993[citation needed] |
23 | Brazil | Federal University of Paraná | honorary doctorate | March 1993[citation needed] |
24 | Bolivia | Del Valle University | honorary doctorate | March 1993[citation needed] |
25 | China | Shenzhen University | honorary professorship | November 1993[citation needed] |
26 | China | Xinjian Uygur Autonomous Region Museum | honorary professorship | January 1994[citation needed] |
27 | Russia | International University in Moscow | honorary doctorate | May 1994[citation needed] |
28 | Italy | University of Bologna | honorary doctorate | June 1994[citation needed] |
29 | United Kingdom | University of Glasgow | honorary doctorate | June 1994[108] |
30 | China | Xinjiang University | honorary professorship | August 1994[citation needed] |
31 | China | Xiamen University | honorary professorship | November 1994[citation needed] |
32 | South Africa | University of the North | honorary doctorate of education | September 1995[citation needed] |
33 | Nepal | Tribhuvan University | honorary doctorate of letters | November 1995[citation needed] |
34 | Macau | University of Macau | honorary doctorate of social sciences | November 1995[109] |
35 | Hong Kong | University of Hong Kong | honorary doctorate of letters | March 1996[110] |
36 | China | Xinjiang University | honorary president | April 1996[citation needed] |
37 | United States | University of Denver | honorary doctorate of education | June 1996[citation needed] |
38 | Cuba | University of Havana | honorary doctorate of letters | June 1996[citation needed] |
39 | Ghana | University of Ghana | honorary doctorate of law | August 1996[citation needed] |
40 | Russia | Far Eastern State University | honorary doctorate of international education | November 1996[citation needed] |
41 | China | Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University | honorary professorship | November 1996[citation needed] |
42 | China | Jilin University | honorary professorship | February 1997[citation needed] |
43 | Philippines | De La Salle University | honorary doctorate of humane letters (international education) | March 1997[citation needed] |
44 | Sri Lanka | University of Kelaniya | honorary doctorate of letters | May 1997[citation needed] |
45 | China | Shanghai University | honorary professorship | May 1997[citation needed] |
46 | China | Inner Mongolia University | honorary professorship | October 1997[citation needed] |
47 | Mongolia | National University of Mongolia | honorary doctorate of humanities | November 1997[citation needed] |
48 | Philippines | University of the City of Manila | honorary doctorate of humanities | February 1998[citation needed] |
49 | Argentina | Universidad de Morón | honorary doctorate | March 1998[citation needed] |
50 | Russia | Institute for High Energy Physics | honorary doctorate | April 1998[citation needed] |
51 | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro State University | honorary doctorate | April 1998[citation needed] |
52 | Republic of Korea | Kyung Hee University | honorary doctorate of philosophy | May 1998[citation needed] |
53 | Republic of Korea | Chung Cheong College | honorary professorship | July 1998[citation needed] |
54 | Peru | Ricardo Palma University | honorary doctorate | July 1998[citation needed] |
55 | Peru | Association of Doctors of Education | honorary doctorate | July 1998[citation needed] |
56 | China | Yanbian University | honorary professorship | November 1998[citation needed] |
57 | China | Nankai University | honorary professorship | November 1998[citation needed] |
58 | Brazil | Northern Paraná University | honorary doctorate | November 1998[citation needed] |
59 | India | University of Delhi | honorary doctorate of letters | December 1998[citation needed] |
60 | Argentina | University of Flores | honorary doctorate | January 1999[citation needed] |
61 | China | Sichuan University | honorary professorship | April 1999[citation needed] |
62 | Peru | Federico Villarreal National University | honorary doctorate | April 1999[citation needed] |
63 | Republic of Korea | Cheju National University | honorary doctorate of Korean language and literature | May 1999[citation needed] |
64 | Bolivia | University of Santa Cruz de la Sierra | honorary doctorate | June 1999[citation needed] |
65 | China | Northeastern University | honorary professorship | July 1999[citation needed] |
66 | Kyrgyzstan | Institute of Oriental Languages and Cultures, Kyrgyz State Pedagogical University | honorary professorship | August 1999[citation needed] |
67 | Peru | National University of Central Peru | honorary doctorate | September 1999[citation needed] |
68 | China | Hunan Normal University | honorary professorship | September 1999[citation needed] |
69 | Argentina | National University of Lomas de Zamora | honorary professorship, faculty of social sciences | October 1999[citation needed] |
70 | Argentina | National University of Comahue | honorary doctorate | October 1999[citation needed] |
71 | China | Nanjing University | honorary professorship | December 1999[citation needed] |
72 | Russia | St. Petersburg State University | honorary doctorate | January 2000[citation needed] |
73 | United States | University of Delaware | honorary doctorate of humane letters | Tokyo, 16 January 2000[111] |
74 | United States | Queens College, City University of New York | honorary doctorate of humane letters | January 2000[citation needed] |
75 | Guam (United States) | University of Guam | honorary doctorate of humane letters | January 2000[citation needed] |
76 | Philippines | Angeles University Foundation | honorary doctorate of humanities | February 2000[citation needed] |
77 | China | Central University for Nationalities | honorary professorship | February 2000[citation needed] |
78 | China | Guangdong University of Foreign Studies | honorary professorship | February 2000[citation needed] |
79 | Argentina | National University of Nordeste | honorary doctorate | February 2000[citation needed] |
80 | China | Northeast Normal University | honorary doctorate | March 2000[citation needed] |
81 | Sakha Republic (Russia) | Yakutsk State University | honorary professorship | March 2000[citation needed] |
82 | El Salvador | Latin American Technical University | honorary doctorate | April 2000[citation needed] |
83 | China | Inner Mongolia Art Academy | preeminent honorary professor | April 2000[citation needed] |
84 | India | Sri Sitaramdas Omkarnath Institute of Sanskrit Learning | honorary doctorate (Mahamahopadhyaya) | April 2000[citation needed] |
85 | Mongolia | Mongolian Institute of Literature and Social Work | honorary rector | May 2000[citation needed] |
86 | China | Beijing Administrative College | honorary professorship | May 2000[112] |
87 | China | Yunnan University | honorary professorship | June 2000[citation needed] |
88 | China | South China Normal University | honorary professorship | August 2000[citation needed] |
89 | India | Bundelkhand University | honorary doctorate of letters | August 2000[citation needed] |
90 | Venezuela | University of Zulia | honorary doctorate | September 2000[citation needed] |
91 | Panama | University of Panama | honorary doctorate | September 2000[citation needed] |
92 | India | Bundelkhand University | honorary lifetime professor in the Ambedhar School of Social Sciences | October 2000[citation needed] |
93 | Thailand | Siam University | honorary doctorate of public administration | November 2000[citation needed] |
94 | Tonga | Tonga Institute of Education and Tong Tonga Institute of Schinece and Technology | honorary professorship of education | November 2000[citation needed] |
95 | Australia | University of Sydney | honorary doctorate of letters | 24 November 2000[113] |
96 | Malaysia | Putra University, Malaysia | honorary doctorate of letters | November 2000[citation needed] |
97 | Hong Kong | Chinese University of Hong Kong | honorary doctorate of social science | 7 December 2000[114] |
98 | Mongolia | Mongolian University of Arts and Culture | honorary doctorate | December 2000[citation needed] |
99 | India | Purvanchal University | honorary doctorate of letters | January 2001[citation needed] |
100 | China | Guangdong Province Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | February 2001[citation needed] |
101 | China | Northwest University | honorary professorship | April 2001[citation needed] |
102 | China | Anhui University | honorary professorship | April 2001[citation needed] |
103 | Puerto Rico | Carlos Albizu University | honorary doctorate of humane letters in behavioral sciences | May 2001[citation needed] |
104 | Mongolia | Kharakhorum University | honorary doctorate | May 2001[citation needed] |
105 | China | Fujian Normal University | honorary professorship | June 2001[citation needed] |
106 | China | Huaqiao University | honorary professorship | June 2001[citation needed] |
107 | China | Jinan University | honorary professorship | July 2001[citation needed] |
108 | Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (United States) | Northern Marianas College | honorary professorship | July 2001[citation needed] |
109 | China | Soochow University | honorary professorship | October 2001[citation needed] |
110 | China | Liaoning Normal University | honorary professorship | October 2001[citation needed] |
111 | Philippines | University of Southern Philippines Foundation | honorary doctorate of humanities | October 2001[citation needed] |
112 | China | Guangzhou University | honorary professorship | November 2001[citation needed] |
113 | Republic of Korea | Kyongju University | honorary professorship | December 2001[citation needed] |
114 | Republic of Korea | Changwon National University | honorary doctorate of education | December 2001[citation needed] |
115 | Kazakhstan | International Kazakh-Turkish University | honorary professorship | December 2001[citation needed] |
116 | Dominican Republic | Santiago Technical University | honorary doctorate | February 2002[citation needed] |
117 | Uzbekistan | National Institute of Arts and Design (Uzbekistan) | honorary professorship | February 2002[citation needed] |
118 | China | Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences | senior research professor | March 2002[citation needed] |
119 | Philippines | Gregorio Araneta University Foundation | honorary doctorate of humanities | March 2002[citation needed] |
120 | Cambodia | Royal University of Phnom Penh | honorary professorship | March 2002[citation needed] |
121 | China | Liaoning University | honorary professorship | April 2002[citation needed] |
122 | United States | Morehouse College | honorary doctorate of humane letters | April 2002[citation needed] |
123 | China | Qingdao University | honorary professorship | April 2002[citation needed] |
124 | India | Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University | honorary doctorate of letters | April 2002[citation needed] |
125 | Kenya | Kenyatta University | honorary doctorate of humane letters | May 2002[citation needed] |
126 | China | Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | May 2002[citation needed] |
127 | Russia | Moscow State University | honorary professorship | June 2002[citation needed] |
128 | China | Nanjing Normal University | honorary professorship | June 2002[citation needed] |
129 | Republic of Korea | Sorabol College | honorary professorship | June 2002[citation needed] |
130 | India | Himachal Pradesh University | honorary doctorate of literature | August 2002[citation needed] |
131 | China | Renmin University of China | honorary professorship | September 2002[115] |
132 | China | University of Science and Technology of China | honorary professorship | October 2002[citation needed] |
133 | China | Zhejiang University | honorary professorship | November 2002[116] |
134 | Mongolia | Shihihutung Law School | honorary doctorate | November 2002[citation needed] |
135 | Ukraine | Kiev National University of Trade and Economics | honorary doctorate | November 2002[citation needed] |
136 | Republic of Korea | Dong-A University | honorary doctorate of philosophy | December 2002[citation needed] |
137 | China | Shanghai International Studies University | honorary professorship | December 2002[citation needed] |
138 | China | Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | December 2002[citation needed] |
139 | India | Bharathidasan University | honorary doctorate of literature | January 2003[citation needed] |
140 | Peru | National University of Piura | honorary doctorate | February 2003[citation needed] |
141 | Taiwan | Chinese Culture University | honorary doctorate of philosophy | March 2003[citation needed] |
142 | China | Dalian University of Foreign Languages | honorary professorship | April 2003[citation needed] |
143 | Paraguay | Columbia University of Paraguay | honorary doctorate of sociology | April 2003[citation needed] |
144 | Peru | Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University | honorary doctorate | September 2003[citation needed] |
145 | China | Northwest Normal University | honorary professorship | October 2003[citation needed] |
146 | Republic of Korea | Gwangju Women's University | honorary professorship | October 2003[citation needed] |
147 | China | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | honorary professorship | October 2003[citation needed] |
148 | United States | Chapman University | honorary doctorate of humane letters | December 2003[citation needed] |
149 | China | Zhaoqing University | honorary professorship | December 2003[citation needed] |
150 | Sakha Republic (Russia) | Arctic State Institute of Culture and Arts | honorary professorship | January 2004[citation needed] |
151 | India | Rabindra Bharati University | honorary doctorate of literature | February 2004[citation needed] |
152 | United States | Mineral Area College | honorary professorship of humanities | February 2004[citation needed] |
153 | China | National Prosecuters College | honorary professorship | March 2004[citation needed] |
154 | Taiwan | National Pingtung University | honorary doctorate of agricultural sciences | March 2004[citation needed] |
155 | Republic of Buryatia (Russia) | Buryat State University | honorary professorship | April 2004[citation needed] |
156 | Brazil | Londrina State University | honorary doctorate | April 2004[citation needed] |
157 | Bolivia | University of San Francisco Xavier of Chuquisaca | honorary doctorate | May 2004[citation needed] |
158 | China | China University of Petroleum | honorary professorship | May 2004[citation needed] |
159 | Philippines | Capitol University | honorary doctorate of humanities | June 2004[citation needed] |
160 | China | Sanda University | honorary professorship | June 2004[citation needed] |
161 | Jordan | University of Jordan | honorary doctorate of humane letters | July 2004[citation needed] |
162 | Mexico | University of Guadalajara | honorary doctorate | September 2004[citation needed] |
163 | China | Fujian Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | September 2004[citation needed] |
164 | China | Changchun University | honorary professorship | October 2004[citation needed] |
165 | China | Qufu Normal University | honorary professorship | October 2004[citation needed] |
166 | Kyrgyzstan | Osh State University | honorary professorship | November 2004[citation needed] |
167 | Republic of Korea | Paekche Institute of the Arts | honorary professorship | November 2004[citation needed] |
168 | Mongolia | Otgontenger University | honorary doctorate | December 2004[citation needed] |
169 | Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (United States) | Northern Marianas College | honorary president | January 2005[citation needed] |
170 | Peru | Enrique Guzman y Valle National University of Education | honorary doctorate | January 2005[citation needed] |
171 | Belarus | Minsk State Linguistic University | honorary professorship | February 2005[citation needed] |
172 | Philippines | Batangas State University | honorary doctorate of pedagogy | March 2005[citation needed] |
173 | China | Shanghai University of Finance and Economics | professor emeritus of humanities | April 2005[117] |
174 | Paraguay | National University of Itapua | honorary doctorate | April 2005[citation needed] |
175 | China | Beijing Language and Culture University | honorary professorship | May 2005[118] |
176 | Brazil | Cornélio Procópio College of Philosophy, Science, and Letters | honorary doctorate | May 2005[citation needed] |
177 | China | Huazhong Normal University | honorary professorship | June 2005[citation needed] |
178 | China | Guangxi Normal University | honorary professorship | July 2005[citation needed] |
179 | Mongolia | Mongolian Academy of Sciences Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law | honorary professorship, philosophy | September 2005[citation needed] |
180 | Vietnam | Vietnam National University, Hanoi | honorary doctorate | September 2005[119] |
181 | China | East China University of Science and Technology | honorary professorship | October 2005[citation needed] |
182 | Serbia and Montenegro | Braca Karic University | honorary doctorate | October 2005[citation needed] |
183 | Russia | Academy of Security, Defense, and Law Enforcement | honorary professorship | December 2005[citation needed] |
184 | India | Symbiosis International Educational Centre (Deemed University) | honorary doctorate of literature | December 2005[citation needed] |
185 | Russia | Ural State University | honorary doctorate | January 2006[citation needed] |
186 | Laos | National University of Laos | honorary professorship of humanities | February 2006[citation needed] |
187 | Philippines | Pampanga Agricultural College | honorary doctorate of humanities | March 2006[citation needed] |
188 | China | Hunan University | honorary professorship | April 2006[citation needed] |
189 | Ukraine | National Technical University of Ukraine "KPI" | honorary doctorate | April 2006[citation needed] |
190 | China | East China Normal University | honorary professorship | May 2006[citation needed] |
191 | China | Nanjing Arts Institute | honorary professorship | May 2006[citation needed] |
192 | India | Visva-Bharati | honorary doctorate of literature | May 2006[citation needed] |
193 | China | China Southwest University of Political Science and Law | honorary professorship | June 2006[citation needed] |
194 | United States | Southern Illinois University Carbondale | honorary doctorate of humane letters | June 2006[120] |
195 | United States | Los Angeles Southwest College | honorary professorship | June 2006[citation needed] |
196 | China | Shaoguan University | honorary professorship | June 2006[citation needed] |
197 | Republic of Korea | Dong Shin University | honorary doctorate of public administration | June 2006[citation needed] |
198 | Thailand | Maejo University | honorary doctorate of administration | July 2006[citation needed] |
199 | Brazil | Catholic College of Economic Science of Bahia | honorary doctorate | September 2006[citation needed] |
200 | China | Beijing Normal University | honorary professorship | October 2006[citation needed] |
201 | Philippines | University of Rizal System | honorary doctorate of humanities | 24 November 2006[citation needed] |
202 | China | Dalian University of Technology | honorary professorship | 8 December 2006[citation needed] |
203 | Republic of Korea | Dongju College | honorary professorship | 6 February 2007[citation needed] |
204 | China | Guizhou University | honorary professorship | 26 February 2007[citation needed] |
205 | Russia | Baikal National University of Economics and Law | honorary professorship | 13 March 2007[citation needed] |
206 | Venezuela | Rafael Belloso Chacin University | honorary doctorate | 20 March 2007[citation needed] |
207 | Venezuela | Santa María University | honorary doctorate of law | 20 March 2007[citation needed] |
208 | Italy | University of Palermo | honorary doctorate of communication sciences | 23 March 2007[citation needed] |
209 | Brazil | Brazilian Academy of Philosophy | honorary doctorate | 2 April 2007[108] |
210 | United States | University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee | honorary doctorate of humane letters | 17 April 2007[citation needed] |
211 | China | Harbin Engineering University | honorary professorship | 18 April 2007[citation needed] |
212 | Brazil | Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul | honorary doctorate | 29 April 2007[citation needed] |
213 | China | Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences | honorary professorship | 5 May 2007[citation needed] |
214 | Taiwan | Southern Taiwan University of Technology | honorary doctorate of engineering | 28 May 2007[citation needed] |
215 | Russia | Russian State University for the Humanities | honorary doctorate | 31 May 2007[citation needed] |
216 | Peru | National University of El Santa | honorary doctorate | 23 June 2007[citation needed] |
217 | Sakha Republic (Russia) | The Yakut State Agricultural Academy | honorary professorship | 4 July 2007[citation needed] |
218 | Russia | Far Eastern State Technical University | honorary professorship | 9 July 2007[citation needed] |
219 | Philippines | University of Southeastern Philippines | honorary doctorate of education | 13 September 2007[citation needed] |
220 | China | Shaanxi Normal University | honorary professorship | 6 October 2007[108] |
221 | Mexico | University of Humanistic Integration | honorary doctorate of human sciences | 8 October 2007[citation needed] |
222 | Brazil | Ingá University (UNINGÁ) | honorary professorship | 10 October 2007[citation needed] |
223 | China | China Youth University for Political Sciences | honorary professorship | 21 October 2007[citation needed] |
224 | Mongolia | Mongolian State University of Education | honorary doctorate | 24 October 2007[citation needed] |
225 | China | Wenzhou Medical College | honorary professorship | 30 November 2007[citation needed] |
226 | China | Shanghai Normal University | honorary professorship | 17 December 2007[citation needed] |
227 | Dominican Republic | Autonomous University of Santo Domingo | honorary doctorate | 19 January 2008[citation needed] |
228 | Taiwan | National Yunlin University of Science and Technology | honorary doctorate of philosophy in management | 21 January 2008[citation needed] |
229 | Philippines | Laguna State Polytechnic University | honorary doctorate of philosophy in humanities | 26 January 2008[citation needed] |
230 | China | Hunan University of Science and Technology | honorary professorship | 1 March 2008[citation needed] |
231 | Kyrgyz Republic | I. Arabaev Kyrgyz State University | honorary doctorate | 21 March 2008[citation needed] |
232 | China | Jiaying University | honorary professorship | 31 March 2008[121] |
233 | Russia | Tula Lev Tolstoy State Pedagogical University | honorary professorship | 2 April 2008[citation needed] |
234 | China | Hebei University | honorary professorship | 13 April 2008[citation needed] |
235 | China | Yan'a University | honorary professorship | 4 May 2008[122] |
236 | China | Eastern Liaoning University | lifetime honorary professorship | 30 May 2008[citation needed] |
237 | China | Changchun University of Technology | honorary professorship | 2 June 2008[citation needed] |
238 | Brazil | Centro Universitário de Goiás | honorary doctorate | 17 June 2008[citation needed] |
239 | Brazil | Centro Universitário Ítalo Brasileiro | honorary doctorate | 20 June 2008[citation needed] |
240 | Philippines | Benguet State University | honorary doctorate of humanities | 10 July 2008[citation needed] |
241 | Taiwan | Chungyu Institute of Technology | honorary professorship | 22 July 2008[citation needed] |
242 | Taiwan | Tainan University of Technology | honorary professorship | 24 July 2008[citation needed] |
243 | Philippines | Ifugao State College of Agriculture and Forestry | hon doc of education in ancient learning, culture and world peace | Sep 2008[citation needed] |
244 | Philippines | Universidad de Manila | hon doc of humanities | Oct 2008[citation needed] |
245 | Mongolia | Mongolian University of Science and Technology | hon doc of humanities | Oct 2008[citation needed] |
246 | China | Dalian University | hon prof | Dec 2008[123] |
247 | Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts | hon prof | Jan 2009[citation needed] |
248 | Malaysia | Open University Malaysia | hon doc of arts (humanities) | Feb 2009[124][125] |
249 | Santa Cruz, Bolivia | University of Aquino-Bolivia (Udabol) | hon doc | Mar 2009[126] |
250 | Denmark | University College South Denmark | honorary doctorate | 21 March 2009[citation needed] |
251 | Republic of Korea | Korea Maritime University | University Professor | 2 April 2009[citation needed] |
252 | Kyrgyzstan | Issyk-Kul State University | hon prof | Apr 2009[citation needed] |
253 | China | Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University | hon prof | Apr 2009[citation needed] |
254 | China | Henan Normal University | hon prof | Apr 2009[citation needed] |
255 | Northern Ireland, UK | Queen's University Belfast | hon doc of laws | May 2009[127] |
256 | China | Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics | hon prof | May 2009[citation needed] |
257 | Philippines | Southern Luzon State University | hon doc of humanities | Jun 2009[citation needed] |
258 | Brazil | Federal University of Rondônia | hon doc | Jul 2009[citation needed] |
259 | Republic of Korea | Hongik University | hon doc of literature | Sep 2009[citation needed] |
260 | Macau, China | Asia International Open University (Macau) | honorary doctorate of philosophy | Sep 2009[citation needed] |
261 | Brazil | Maranhão School of Government | honorary professorship | Sep 2009[citation needed] |
262 | Brazil | Silva e Souza Integrated College | honorary doctorate of architecture and urban engineering | Sep 2009[citation needed] |
263 | Indonesia | Universitas Indonesia | Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy and Peace | Soka University, 10 October 2009[128] |
264 | China | Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering | hon prof | Oct 2009[citation needed] |
265 | China | Dalian Polytechnic University | emeritus prof | Oct 2009[citation needed] |
266 | Sakha Republic, Russia | Yakutsk Teacher-training College No.1 | hon prof | Oct 2009[citation needed] |
267 | China | Southwest Jiaotong University | hon prof | Nov 2009[citation needed] |
268 | China | Xi'an University of Technology | hon prof | Nov 2009[citation needed] |
269 | China | Ningxia University | hon lifetime prof | Nov 2009[citation needed] |
270 | Taiwan | Yu Da University | hon prof | Dec 2009[citation needed] |
271 | Mexico | Enrique Díaz de León University | hon doc | Dec 2009[citation needed] |
272 | China | Xi'an Peihua University | hon prof | Dec 2009[citation needed] |
273 | Guam, USA | Guam Community College | hon prof | Jan 2010[citation needed] |
274 | China | Anhui University of Science and Technology | hon prof | Jan 2010[citation needed] |
275 | Uzbekistan | Institute of Fine Arts, Uzbeki Academy of Sciences | hon doc | Feb 2010[citation needed] |
276 | China | Xi'an International University | hon prof | Feb 2010[citation needed] |
277 | China | Guangdong University of Business Studies | hon prof | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
278 | Aragua, Venezuela | Bicentennial University of Aragua | hon doc of education | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
279 | Aragua, Venezuela | Bicentennial University of Aragua | hon prof | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
280 | China | Xi'an Jiaotong University | hon prof | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
281 | Philippines | Ramon Magsaysay Technological University | centennial hon prof | Mar 2010[citation needed] |
282 | Armenia | Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and Artists | honorary doctorate | Japan, 2 April 2010[129] |
283 | Sichuan, China | Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences | hon prof | Apr 2010[citation needed] |
284 | Xinjiang, China | Xinjiang Medical University | hon prof | Apr 2010[citation needed] |
285 | Guangxi, China | Guangxi Arts Institute | lifetime hon prof | Apr 2010[citation needed] |
286 | Zhejiang, China | Shaoxing University | hon prof | Apr 2010[citation needed] |
287 | Canada | Université Laval | honorary doctorate of education | 4 May 2010[130] |
288 | Beijing, China | Tsinghua University | hon prof | May 2010[citation needed] |
289 | Beijing, China | Beijing City University | hon prof | May 2010[citation needed] |
290 | Zhejiang, China | Ningbo University | hon prof | June 2010[citation needed] |
291 | Zhejiang, China | Zhejiang Ocean University | hon prof | June 2010[citation needed] |
292 | Virginia, USA | George Mason University | hon doc of humane letters | July 2010[131] |
293 | New Taipei, Taiwan | National Taiwan University of Arts | hon prof | July 2010[citation needed] |
294 | Kaohsiung, Taiwan | National University of Kaohsiung | hon prof | July 2010[citation needed] |
295 | Malaysia | University of Malaya | honorary doctorate of humanities | 2 August 2010[132] |
296 | Osh, Kyrgyzstan | Osh Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute | hon prof | August 2010[133] |
297 | Osh, Kyrgyzstan | Osh Agricultural Institute | hon prof | August 2010[133] |
298 | Chile | Universidad Pedro de Valdivia | honorary doctorate | Soka University, 30 August 2010[134] |
299 | Philippines | University of Southern Mindanao | honorary doctorate of humanities | 9 October 2010[citation needed] |
300 | United States | University of Massachusetts Boston | honorary degree | Shinjuku, Tokyo, 18 November 2010[135] |
301 | Amazonas, Brazil | Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas | hon doc | November 2010[citation needed] |
302 | Liaoning, China | Dalian Maritime University | hon prof | December 2010[citation needed] |
303 | São_Paulo, Brazil | São Paulo Metropolitan University | hon prof | December 2010[citation needed] |
304 | Mato Grosso, Brazil | Federal University of Mato Grosso | hon doc | December 2010[136] |
305 | Yunlin County, Taiwan | National Formosa University | hon doc | December 2010[citation needed] |
306 | South Chungcheong, Republic of Korea | Konyang University | hon doc of business administration | December 2010[citation needed] |
307 | Macau | Macao Polytechnic Institute | hon prof | January 2011[citation needed] |
308 | Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz-Russian Academy of Education | hon prof | March 2011[citation needed] |
309 | Taipa, Macau | Macau University of Science and Technology | hon prof | May 2011[citation needed] |
310 | Hainan, China | Hainan Normal University | hon prof | May 2011[citation needed] |
311 | North Chungcheong, Republic of Korea | Chungju National University | hon doc of business administration | July 2011[citation needed] |
312 | Pangasinan, Philippines | Pangasinan State University | hon doc of humanities | July 2011[citation needed] |
313 | Busan, Republic of Korea | Pukyong National University | hon doc of international and area studies | September 2011[citation needed] |
314 | Lusaka, Zambia | University of Zambia | hon doc of laws | September 2011[citation needed] |
315 | Nueva Ecija, Philippines | Central Luzon State University | hon lifetime prof | October 2011[citation needed] |
316 | Jiangxi, China | Jinggangshan University | hon prof | October 2011[citation needed] |
317 | UK | University of Buckingham | Honorary Doctorate of Literature | 25 October 2011[137] |
318 | China | Jimei University | Honorary Professor | 9 November 2011[citation needed] |
319 | Moscow, Russia | Russian State University of Trade and Economics | hon doc | November 2011[citation needed] |
320 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | Termez State University | hon prof | December 2011[citation needed] |
321 | Beijing, China | Central University of Finance and Economics | hon prof | January 2012[citation needed] |
322 | Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan | Bishkek Humanities University | hon doc | March 2012[citation needed] |
323 | Bataan, Philippines | Bataan Peninsula State University | hon doc of humanities | March 2012[citation needed] |
324 | Santa Cruz, Bolivia | Private Technological University of Santa Cruz (Utepsa) | hon doc | March 2012[138] |
325 | Taipei, Taiwan | Taipei College of Maritime Technology | hon prof | April 2012[citation needed] |
326 | Lima, Peru | Technological University of Peru | hon doc | May 2012[citation needed] |
327 | Lima, Peru | Technological University of Peru | professor emeritus, Faculty of Law, Political Science and International Relations | May 2012[citation needed] |
328 | Guizhou, China | Guizhou Normal University | hon prof | May 2012[citation needed] |
329 | Taipei, Taiwan | National Taiwan Normal University | hon prof, College of Arts | June 2012[citation needed] |
330 | Liaoning, China | Bohai University | hon prof | June 2012[citation needed] |
331 | Ontario, Canada | University of Guelph | hon doc of laws | September 2012[139] |
332 | Paraná, Brazil | Dom Bosco College of Higher Education | hon doc | September 2012[citation needed] |
333 | Almaty, Kazakhstan | Al-Farabi Kazakh National University | hon prof | October 2012[citation needed] |
334 | Táchira, Venezuela | National Experimental University of Táchira | hon doc | November 2012[citation needed] |
335 | Pando, Bolivia | Amazonian University of Pando | hon doc | February 2013[citation needed] |
336 | Osh, Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz-Chinese Humanitarian Economic Institute | hon prof | February 2013[citation needed] |
337 | Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines | Nueva Vizcaya State University | hon doc of humanities | March 2013[citation needed] |
338 | South Africa | University of KwaZulu-Natal | Doctor of Social Science honoris causa | Apr 2013[140] |
339 | Bangkok, Thailand | Thammasat University | hon doc of philosophy | August 2013[citation needed] |
340 | Armenia | Yerevan State University | hon doc | September 2013[citation needed] |
341 | Aklan, Philippines | Aklan State University | hon doc of humanities | October 2013[citation needed] |
342 | Liaoning, China | Dalian Art College | hon prof | October 2013[citation needed] |
343 | Peru | Universidad Peruana de las Americas/Peruvian University of the Americas | hon doc | November 2013[citation needed] |
344 | Ulan Bator, Mongolia | University of the Humanities | hon doc of humanities | November 2013[citation needed] |
345 | Moscow, Russia | Pushkin State Russian Language Institute | hon doc | November 2013[citation needed] |
346 | Córdoba, Argentina | National University of Villa María | hon prof extraordinary | February 2014[citation needed] |
347 | Jharkhand, India | Satyendra Narayan Sinha Institute of Business Management | hon prof | March 2014[141] |
348 | Isabel, Philippines | Isabela State University | hon doc of humanities | April 2014[citation needed] |
349 | Tianjin, China | Tianjin Foreign Studies University | hon prof | May 2014[citation needed] |
350 | Lima, Peru | National University of Engineering | hon doc | May 2014[citation needed] |
351 | Heilongjiang, China | Harbin Normal University | hon prof | July 2014[citation needed] |
352 | Sakha Republic, Russia | Yakutsk Teacher-training College | hon prof | September 2014[citation needed] |
353 | Manila, The Philippines | University of the East | hon doc of humanities | September 2014[142] |
354 | China | Nanjing University of Science and Technology | honorary professorship | October 2014[143] |
355 | Russia | People's Friendship University of Russia | honorary doctorate | November 2014[144] |
356 | Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University | honorary doctorate | February 2015[citation needed] |
357 | India | Madurai Institute of Social Sciences | honorary professor, Social Sciences | April 2015[145] |
358 | South Korea (Republic of Korea) | University of North Korean Studies | honorary chair professor | May 2015[146] |
359 | China | Foshan University | honorary professor | May 2015[147] |
360 | Bolivia | Autonomous University of Beni (Universidad Autónoma del Beni) | honorary doctorate | June 2015[citation needed] |
361 | Brazil | Castelo Branco University | honorary doctorate | June 2015[148] |
362 | South Korea (Republic of Korea) | Kyungnam University | honorary doctorate of philosophy in education | September 2015[149] |
363 | Taiwan (Republic of China) | Chienkuo Technology University | honorary lifetime professor | November 2015[150] |
364 | India | Jagran Lakecity University | honorary doctorate of humane letters | November 2015[151] |
365 | Bhopal, India | Barkatullah University | honorary doctorate of letters | January 2016[152] |
366 | Kyrgyzstan | Uzgen Institute of Technology and Education, Osh Technological University (Uzgen) | honorary doctorate | March 2016[153] |
367 | Argentina | National University of Tucumán | honorary doctorate | August 2016[154] |
368 | United States | DePaul University | honorary doctorate of Humane Letters | December 2016[155] |
369 | Brazil | Universidade Federal do Acre | "honoris causa" | March 2017[156] |
Personal life
Ikeda lives in Tokyo with his wife, Kaneko Ikeda (née Kaneko Shiraki, born 1932), whom he married on 3 May 1952. The couple have had three sons, including Hiromasa (born 1953; vice president of Soka Gakkai),[157] Shirohisa (1955–1984), and Takahiro (born 1958).[158]
Public image
American Civil Rights pioneer Rosa Parks chose as her favorite photograph an image from her first meeting with Ikeda in 1993. She explained:
I can't think of a more important moment in my life ... [Ikeda] said this meeting, between the two of us, was very special for him. It was for me, too. In his concern for human rights, Dr. Ikeda is ahead of many people in this century. He is a calm spirit, a humble man, a man of great spiritual enlightenment. We met for about an hour and talked about my life and challenges concerning the youth in our countries ... Our meeting can serve as a model for anyone. So the photograph of our first meeting is very important because it is history in the making.[159]
An article in Daily News and Analysis called him "the natural successor to Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. as a global spiritual leader."[160] The Chairman of India's Council of Gandhian Studies, Professor N. Radhakrishnan, has hailed Ikeda as "one of the most profound thinkers of our time."[161]
Yet, in 1995, Michelle Magee wrote a critical article in the San Francisco Chronicle in which she stated that the Soka Gakkai in Japan had been accused of "heavy-handed fund raising and proselytizing, as well as intimidating its foes and trying to grab political power."[162] The article quoted Takashi Shokei, a professor at Meisei University, who called Ikeda "a power-hungry individual who intends to take control of the government and make Soka Gakkai the national religion."
In 1996, Los Angeles Times writer Teresa Watanabe described Ikeda as a "puzzle of conflicting perceptions," with her interview subjects expressing vastly differing opinions of him, ranging from "a democrat," "a man of deep learning" and "an inspired teacher," to "a despot," "a threat to democracy" and "Japan's most powerful man." Watanabe reported that "Japanese tabloid coverage has affected his public image and blurred the lines between suspicion and fact, imagination and reality ..." concluding that "Nevertheless, there is no question that Ikeda spreads goodwill – and transforms stereotypes."[163]
In 2003, Dr. Lawrence Carter, Dean of the Martin Luther King Jr. Chapel at Morehouse College, praised Ikeda as a Japanese social reformer, stating: "Controversy is an inevitable partner of greatness. No one who challenges the established order is free of it. Gandhi had his detractors, as did Dr. King, and Dr. Ikeda is no exception. Controversy camouflages the intense resistance of entrenched authority to conceding their special status and privilege. Insults are the weapons of the morally weak; slander is the tool of the spiritually bereft. Controversy is testament to the noble work of these three individuals (Gandhi, King and Ikeda) in their respective societies."[89][164]
Books
Ikeda is a prolific writer, peace activist and interpreter of Nichiren Buddhism.[165] His interests in photography, art, philosophy, poetry and music are reflected in his published works. In his essay collections and dialogues with political, cultural, and educational figures he discusses, among other topics: the transformative value of religion, the universal sanctity of life,[166] social responsibility, and sustainable progress and development.
The 1976 publication of Choose Life: A Dialogue (in Japanese, Nijusseiki e no taiga) is the published record of dialogues and correspondences that began in 1971 between Ikeda and British historian Arnold J. Toynbee about the "convergence of East and West"[167] on contemporary as well as perennial topics ranging from the human condition to the role of religion and the future of human civilization. Toynbee's 12-volume A Study of History had been translated into Japanese, which along with his lecture tours and periodical articles about social, moral and religious issues gained him popularity in Japan. To an expat's letter critical of Toynbee's association with Ikeda and Soka Gakkai, Toynbee wrote back: "I agree with Soka Gakkai on religion as the most important thing in human life, and on opposition to militarism and war."[168] To another letter critical of Ikeda, Toynbee responded: "Mr. Ikeda's personality is strong and dynamic and such characters are often controversial. My own feeling for Mr. Ikeda is one of great respect and sympathy."[169] As of 2012, the book had been translated and published in twenty-six languages.[170]
Ikeda's children's stories are "widely read and acclaimed," according to The Hindu, which reported that an anime series of 14 of the stories was to be shown on the National Geographic Channel.[171][172] In the Philippines, DVD sets of 17 of the animated stories were donated by Anak TV to a large school, as part of a nationwide literacy effort.[173]
In 2003, Japan's largest English-language newspaper, The Japan Times, began carrying periodic essays by Ikeda on global issues including peacebuilding, nuclear disarmament, and compassion.[174] As of 2015, The Japan Times had published 26 essays by Ikeda, 15 of which were also published in a bilingual Japanese-English book titled "Embracing the Future."[175]
The Human Revolution
Ikeda's most well-known publication is the novel The Human Revolution (Ningen Kakumei), which was serialized in the Soka Gakkai's daily newspaper, the Seikyo Shimbun. The book's original English-edition foreword was written by British philosopher and historian Arnold J. Toynbee. The Human Revolution has been translated into English, Chinese, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Korean and Dutch and has sold over seven millions copies worldwide.[176] In the preface to The Human Revolution, the author describes the book as a "novelized biography of my mentor, Josei Toda."[177]: vii The author's official website describes the book as an "historical novel [that] portrays the development of the Soka Gakkai in Japan, from its rebirth in the post-World War II era to the last years of its second president, Josei Toda."[178] In the preface to the 2004 edition, the author stated the narrative was edited to bring it in line with recent developments in the history of Nichiren Buddhism, and that he hoped "such revisions will help readers to better appreciate the original message of the book."[177]: x
Selected works by Ikeda
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References
- ^ "Daisaku Ikeda Profile". Soka University. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b Dayle Bethel (1974). "The Political Ideology of Ikeda Daisaku, President of Soka Gakkai". International Education. 3 (2).
- ^ a b Jason Goulah; Takao Ito (2012). "Daisaku Ikeda's Curriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and 'Human Education' in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship". Curriculum Inquiry. 42 (1).
- ^ a b Editors (3 February 2015). "No More Nukes". Tricycle. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
{{cite news}}
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has generic name (help); Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Daniel Métraux (2013). "Soka Gakkai International: Japanese Buddhism on a Global Scale". Virginia Review of Asian Studies.
- ^ a b Clark Strand (Winter 2008). "Faith in Revolution". Triycle. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g Olivier Urbain (2010). Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophy of Peace. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84885-304-1.
- ^ a b c d e f Timeline of Ikeda's life, daisakuikeda.org. Accessed 6 November 2013
- ^ "Daisaku Ikeda CV". daisakuikeda.org. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- ^ Ikeda, Daisaku (11 May 1998). "My Mother". The Mirror Weekly(The Philippines).
- ^ a b c d e f Seager, Richard Hughes. Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
- ^ M. LaVora Perry (2010). PeaceBuilders—Daisaku Ikeda & Josei Toda, Buddhist Leaders. Fortune Child Books. ISBN 978-0-9771113-1-2.
- ^ Ikeda, Daisaku (13 June 1996). Thoughts on Education for Global Citizenship (Speech). Teachers College, Columbia University: Soka Gakkai. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
- ^ Kisala, Robert (2000). Prophets of peace: Pacifism and cultural identity in Japan's new religions. Honolulu, HI, USA: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2267-5.
- ^ "SŌKA GAKKAI". Virginia Commonwealth University. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ Ronan Alves Pereira (2008). "The transplantation of Soka Gakkai to Brazil: building "the closest organization to the heart of Ikeda-Sensei"". Japanese Journal of Religious Study.
- ^ Daisaku Ikeda. The New Human Revolution. Vol. 1. World Tribune Press.
- ^ Daniel Métraux (2013). "Soka Gakkai International: The Global Expansion of a Japanese Buddhist Movement". Religion Compass.
- ^ Choy, Lee Khoon (1995). Japan, between myth and reality. Singapore [u.a.]: World Scientific. ISBN 981-02-1865-6.
- ^ Lewis, James R. (2003). Legitimating new religions ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3324-7.
- ^ Fujiwara, Hirotatsu (1970). I Denounce Soka Gakkai. Tokyo: Nisshin Hodo. ISBN 91-1-013550-2.
- ^ Furukawa, Toshiaki (2000). Karuto to shite no Sōka Gakkai = Ikeda Daisaku (Shohan. ed.). Tokyo: Daisan Shokan. ISBN 978-4-8074-0017-1.
- ^ Yanatori, Mitsuyoshi (1977). Sōka Gakkai (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai.
- ^ Queen, Christopher S. and Sallie B. King, eds. (1996). Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 365. ISBN 0-7914-2844-3.
{{cite book}}
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Ramesh Jaura. "SPECIAL REPORT: Peace Impulses from Okinawa". Global Perspectives. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai ("Conflicts between Komeito and Soka Gakkai"). Asahi Shinsho, Tokyo: May 2007. ISBN 978-4-02-273153-1. p. 114. Template:Ja icon
- ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai, p. 116. Template:Ja icon
- ^ Strand, Clark, "Waking the Buddha", Middleway Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-9779245-6-1. pp. 149–150
- ^ Métraux, Daniel A., "The Dispute Between the Soka Gakkai and the Nichiren Shoshu Priesthood: A Lay Revolution Against a Conservative Clergy", Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 1992, 19/4, pp. 328 and 330
- ^ Wilson, Bryan and Dobbelaere, Kareland, "A Time to Chant: The Soka Gakkai Buddhists in Britain", Clarendon Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-19-827915-0. p. 240
- ^ Mizoguchi, Atsushi: Ikeda Daisaku: Kenryokusha no Kōzō ("Daisaku Ikeda: The structure behind a man with power"). Tokyo: Kōdansha, 2005. ISBN 4-06-256962-0. p. 396 Template:Ja icon
- ^ Taisekiji: Nichiren Shōshū Nyūmon ("An introduction to Nichiren Shōshū"). Fujinomiya, 2002. p. 332 (chronology) and p. 240 Template:Ja icon
- ^ Howard W. French, "A Sect's Political Rise Creates Uneasiness in Japan", 14 November 1999. Accessed 19 November 2011.
- ^ Seager, 2006, p205
- ^ Jacqueline I. Stone, "Nichiren's activist heirs: Sōka Gakkai, Risshō Kōsekai, Nipponzan Myōhōji", in Christopher Queen, et al., eds, Action Dharma: New Studies in Engaged Buddhism (London: Routledge Curzon, 2003). Scan (PDF) available here "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). - ^ Ikeda, Daisaku (26 January 2006). "A New Era of the People: Forging a Global Network of Robust Individuals (2006 Peace Proposal)". Soka Gakkai International. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
- ^ Jupp, James C; Espinosa-Dulanto, Miryam (2017). "Beyond US-Centered Multicultural Foundations on Race". International Journal of Multicultural Education. 19 (2): 33. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
- ^ McNeill, William (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 272–73. ISBN 0-19-505863-1.
- ^ Goulah, Jason (2010). "Chapter 6: Dialogic Resistance in Education: Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, Daisaku Ikeda and Transformative Language Learning". In Moss, David; Osborn, Terry A. (eds.). Critical Essays on Resistance in Education. Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. pp. 83–104. ISBN 978-1-4331-0788-7.
- ^ Goodwin, Julian (2018). "Chapter 19: Soka Nichiren Buddhism". In Lundy, Brandon D.; Adebayo, Akanmu G.; Hayes, Sherrill W. (eds.). Atone: Religion, Conflict, and Reconciliation. Lexington Books. pp. 295–300. ISBN 9781498560689.
- ^ Goulah, Jason. 2010. "Daisaku Ikeda's Environmental Ethics of Humanitarian Competition: A Review of His United Nations Peace and Education Proposals." Peace Studies Journal 3:1 (April 2010). Central New York Peace Studies Consortium. p3. ISSN 2151-0806
- ^ "Major Holocaust Exhibit in Japan on Righteous Gentile Chiune Sugihara". Jewish Community of Lithuania. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ Rockefeller, Steven C. "Ethics & the Earth Charter" Interview. Accessed 29 August 2014.
- ^ "The Heart of the Matter: Infusing Sustainability Values in Education" (PDF). Earth Charter Center. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ Chowdhury, Ambassador Anwaraul K (2014). "Foreword". In Urbain, Olivier (ed.). A Forum for Peace: Daisaku Ikeda's Proposals to the UN. I.B. Taurus. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-78076-840-3.
- ^ Straus, Virginia (1997). "Mission and Dialogue in the Soka Gakkai International". Buddhist-Christian Studies. 17: 106–113. doi:10.2307/1390404. JSTOR 1390404.
- ^ Métraux, Daniel A. 1994. The Soka Gakkai Revolution. Lanham/New York/London: University Press of America. p126. ISBN 0-8191-9733-5
- ^ Indangasi, Henry. Preface. In Indangasi, Henry and Odari, Masumi, eds. 2001. Daisaku Ikeda and Africa: Reflections by Kenyan Writers. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi Press. pxiii. ISBN 9966-846-49-2.
- ^ Seager 2006, p119.
- ^ Seager, Richard Hughes. 2006. Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press. p120. ISBN 0-520-24577-6
- ^ Dobbelaere, Karel. "Toward a Pillar Organization?" In Machacek, David and Wilson, Bryan. 2000. Global Citizens: The Soka Gakkai Buddhist Movement in the World. p252. ISBN 0-19-924039-6
- ^ Goulah, Jason. "Dialogic Practice in Education." In Urbain, Olivier. 2013. Daisaku Ikeda and Dialogue for Peace. London/New York: I.B. Tauris. p83. ISBN 978-1-78076-572-3
- ^ Metraux 1994, p171.
- ^ Seager 2006, p121.
- ^ Goulah, Jason. 2012. "Daisaku Ikeda and Value-Creative Dialogue: A new current in interculturalism and educational philosophy." Educational Philosophy and Theory 44:9 (November 2013). Publisher: Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia. p 997–1009. doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00827.x. Accessed 15 June 2014.
- ^ Carter, Sr, Lawrence Edward (2017). "A Cosmo Vision for a Common Future: Becoming Moral Cosmopolitan Humanists in the Global Village, the WorldHouse, the International Solidary of Peace-Loving Nations, and the Global Commonwealth of Citizens (VHSC)". In Urbain, Olivier; Abaddi, Ahmed (eds.). Global Visioning: Hopes and Challenges for a Common Future. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4128-5573-0.
For thirty-one years as a global citizen diplomat, Ikeda has instructed the United Nations, which he calls the 'parliament of humanity,' through his annual peace proposals on how to build flexible frameworks for world governnance allowing different cultures to cooperate, creating starting points toward inclusive nonviolent global civilization.
- ^ Teranashi, Hirotomo (2013). Urbain, Olivier (ed.). Daisaku Ikeda and Dialogue for Peace. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-413-6.
- ^ Toynbee, Arnold; Ikeda, Daisaku; Gage, Richard L. (Ed.) (2007). Choose life : a dialogue. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-595-1.
- ^ Andre Malraux and Daisaku Ikeda (2010). Ningen kakumei to ningen no joken (Changes Within: Human Revolution vs. Human Condition). Ushio Shuppansha Tokyo.
- ^ http://www.daisakuikeda.org/main/peacebuild/friends/aleksey-n-kosygin.html Aleksey N. Kosygin—Advocate of Peace in the Midst of the Cold War
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=umep6P6dYLAC&dq=Lebron+common&source=gbs_navlinks_s Searching for Spiritual Unity ... Can There Be Common Ground? By Robyn E. Lebron
- ^ http://www.sgiquarterly.org/borders2009Apr-1.html Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Russia—Cultivating the Common Ground of Peace
- ^ Nanda, Ved P. (2009). Krieger, David (ed.). The Challenge of Abolishing Nuclear Weapons. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-1517-8.
- ^ a b Seager 2006, p120.
- ^ Zhou, Xiaofang (6 December 2014). "World Youth Symposium, Nankai University, Tianjin". Zhou Enlai Peace Institute. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
At that time, Premier Zhou met with the great scholar and peace advocate, Mr. Daisaku Ikeda. His heart was still in pain, because of the campaign of the Japanese militarists against China, and the war between the two peoples was still fresh with the memory of enormous pain and suffering. But Premier Zhou Enlai of China received Dr. Ikeda with dignity and compassion; their conversation is of historic significance and bore great fruit. It set the stage for breaking the deadlock with the US and China, through the visit of Mr. Kissinger and President Nixon to China, and signalled the beginning of a move toward the normalization of relations.
- ^ Chong Zi and Qin Jize, "Praise for man that called for friendship". China Daily. 9 May 2008. p3.
- ^ "Ikeda was strongly criticized and even received death threats from right-wingers. Ikeda saw peace with China as fundamental to the stability of Asia, and considered the reintegration of China into the international community as vital to world peace. His call and behind-the-scenes efforts helped establish the groundwork for a series of political-level exchanges between China and Japan, culminating in the restoration of diplomatic relations in 1972." Excerpted from Cai Hong, "Books to connect cultures." China Daily. 4 July 2012.
- ^ 南开大学周恩来研究中心 (Zhou Enlai Research Center, Nankai University). 2001. 周恩来与池田大作 (Zhou Enlai and Daisaku Ikeda). 主编王永祥 (Edited by Wang Yongxian). Beijing, China: 中央文献出版社 (Central Literature Publishing House). p2. ISBN 7-5073-0973-8.
- ^ Gan Xianyi. 2013. "Min-On Folk Arts Group's Performance Tour of China." 7 November. CPAFFC. Accessed 14 June 2014.
- ^ Gao Hui. 2012. "Shaanxi Song and Dance Troupe's Performance Tour in Japan." Voice of Friendship, no. 70. December 2012. p22. ISSN 1000-9582. Accessed 14 June 2014.
- ^ Métraux, Daniel A. 1984. "Soka Gakkai Diplomacy", parts I and II. 11 and 12 July 1984. Asahi Evening News.
- ^ Editorial Board (14 May 2018). ""Bitter Winter," in Italia un nuovo quotidiano online su religione e diritti umani in Cina" ["Bitter Winter," in Italy a new online daily on religion and human rights in China] (in Italian).
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- ^ "The Guardian". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "The Indian Sub-Continent Times". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ^ "Award honours Japanese poet." China Daily, 10 December 2003. p2.
- ^ "Shihab Ghanem receives Tagore Peace Award". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
- ^ "Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive". Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation.
- ^ "Indology Award for Soka Gakkai president Ikeda". The Hindu. New Delhi: Kasturi & Sons Ltd. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- ^ Ristovski, Goce, ed. (2016). "Ohrid Academy of Humanism: World Prize of Humanism Winners/ОХРИДСКА АКАДЕМИЈА НА ХУМАНИЗМОТ: ДОБИТНИЦИ НА СВЕТСКАТА НАГРАДА ЗА ХУМАНИЗАМ" (pdf) (in Macedonian and English). Ohrid Academy of Humanism. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
- ^ Roxas-Mendoza, Psyche. "Daisaku Ikeda—Japanʼs Flowing River of Peace." Philippine Graphic (23 February 1998), pp 22–25.
- ^ "Conferment of Golden Heart Award to Dr. Daisaku Ikeda of Soka Gakkai International". Knights of Rizal. 17 December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
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- ^ "On the Ceremony of the Order of Friendship: Honorary President of the Society Soka Gakkai Daisaku Ikeda at the Russian Embassy of Japan" (in Russian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation official website. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
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- ^ "Soka Gakkai Leader, Daisaku Ikeda, to Receive United Nations Peace Award" (Press Release 83/30). Tokyo, Japan. United Nations Information Centre. 8 August 1983.
The Award, comprising a letter of commendation from the Secretary-General accompanied by the United Nations Peace Medal, will be presented to Mr. Ikeda by the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Public Information, Yasushi Akashi, in a brief ceremony at 15.00 hours at the International House of Friendship in Shibuya.
- ^ a b Rautenstraus, Kent. "Dean Lawrence Carter Communes with Mystics: from Gandhi to King to Ikeda to Holmes" (PDF). Science of Mind (June 2013): 20. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
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ignored (|url-status=
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The award ceremony took place in the evening of Thursday, April 9, 2015 at the MLK Int'l Chapel Crown Nave. The recipient of this prestigious award was Mr. Fethullah Gulen due to his "interfaith and cross-cultural dialogue about science, democracy and spirituality and opposition to violence and the misuses of religion as political ideology [which] made [him] the humanizing face of Islam."
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- ^ E103 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the House of Representatives, State of Georgia; 15 January 2009
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- ^ "Four Poets of Peace honoured on the International Day for Poets of Peace". Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for World Peace. n.d. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
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- ^ "Four Distinguished Persons Honored by CUHK: Dr. Daisaku Ikeda". Press Release. 16 October 2000.
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- ^ a b c "Conferral Ceremony". Retrieved 5 October 2012.
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- ^ 上海财经大学人文学院各系所情况简介: 经济哲学系 Archived 10 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine (College of Humanities Departmental Briefing: Economic Philosophy Department). Accessed 8 August 2014.
- ^ 我校聘请池田大作先生为名誉教授 Internet Archive of BLCU site. Accessed 15 August 2014.
- ^ "Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội trao tặng Bằng tiến sĩ danh dự cho Tiến sĩ Daisaku Ikeda" (National University, Hanoi awards honorary doctorate degree to Dr. Daisaku Ikeda), 29 September 2005. Accessed 13 August 2014.
- ^ Recommendation of the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters, Southern Illinois University, Board of Trustees, 9 March 2006
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{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
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- ^ "Rector traveled to Japan to present the respective certificates to of honorary doctorate", Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and Artists, reproduced at World News, 26 March 2011.
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- ^ http://news.gmu.edu/articles/3392
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- ^ "Honorary Doctorates" (PDF). UKZNDABA Graduation Special 2013. May 2013. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "A Man of Mettle". The Pioneer. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
- ^ "Conferment of the Degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa, upon Dr. Daisaku Ikeda", University of the East News. 29 September 2014. Accessed 29 September 2014.
- ^ "Two delegations led by senior Soka officials visit China". Soka University, Japan. 20 October 2014. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "University Honorary Doctors—RUDN University awarded professor Daisaku Ikeda". RUDN University. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "Madurai Institute of Social Sciences confers honorary professorship on President Ikeda". Bharat Soka Gakkai, India. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- ^ Kwon Byung-ki (4 May 2015). "북한대학원大,이케다 SGI회장 명예석좌교수 임용" [University of North Korean Studies appoints SGI chairperson Ikeda honorary chair professor]. Korea Daily News (in Korean). Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ "中国・佛山科学技術学院から創立者へ名誉教授称号" [China's Foshan University confers title of honorary professor to Soka University founder]. Soka University, Japan (in Chinese). 28 May 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Maylaine Nierg (13 August 2015). "Universidade Castelo Branco concede titulo de doutor Honoris Causa a Daisaku Ikeda, presidende de ONG japoneza que promove a paz" [Castelo Branco University awarded the title of doctor Honoris Causa to Daisaku Ikeda, president of Japanese NGO that promotes peace]. Universidade Castelo Branco (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ "Honorary Doctoral Degree Recipients". Kyungnam University. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ Lee, Irene (16 May 2016). "Congratulations" (pdf). Chienkuo Monthly (in Chinese and English). No. 265. Chienkuo Technology University. p. 4. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "Citation". Jagran Lakecity University. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "インドのボパール・バルカトゥッラー大 学より創立者に名誉文学博士号が授与" [Barkatullah University in Bhopal, India awards Honorary Doctorate of Letters to Soka founder] (pdf). SUN (Soka Univ. News) (in Japanese). No. 89. Soka University, Japan. Spring 2016. p. 22. Retrieved 15 January 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Kyrgyz college presents Soka founder with first-ever honorary doctorate". Soka University, Japan. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Events of Tuesday, August 23, 2016: 'Distinción De Visitante Ilustre Y Doctor Honoris Causa'". Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. 23 August 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ^ Marciano, Rachel (12 January 2017). "Global Peacemaker Daisaku Ikeda Receives Honorary Degree from DePaul" (Press release). Office of Public Relations and Communications, DePaul University. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ^ "Resolução nº 004, de 15 de março de 2017" [Resolution No. 004 of 15 March 2017]. Universidade Federal do Acre (in Portuguese). 23 March 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ "Soka Gakkai Delegation Visits China". Soka Gakkai International. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
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- ^ Kismaric, Carole and Heiferman, Marvin. Talking Pictures: People Speak about the Photographs that Speak to Them. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994. ISBN 978-0-8118-0382-3. Pp. 198–199
- ^ "Daisaku Ikeda and a global Buddhist movement". DNA India. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^ "Towards a Peaceful World: Lessons from Gandhi". MK Gandhi Foundation. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ Michelle Magee, "Japan Fears Another Religious Sect", San Francisco Chronicle, 27 December 1995. Accessed 6 November 2013.
- ^ Watanabe, Teresa (15 March 1996). "Japan's Crusader or Corrupter?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
- ^ Gamble, Adam (1994). A Public Betrayed: An Inside Look at Japanese Media Atrocities and Their Warnings to the West. NY, NY: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89526-046-8.
- ^ Chilson, Clark. 2014. "Cultivating Charisma: Ikeda Daisaku's Self Presentations and Transformational Leadership." Archived 30 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Global Buddhism vol 15 (2014):65–78. p67. ISSN 1527-6457 (online)
- ^ "Stop the Killing", The World is Yours to Change, [by Daisaku Ikeda, Asahi Press, Tokyo, 2002]. Accessed 29 April 2013.
- ^ McNeill, William H. 1989. Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. p273. ISBN 0-19-505863-1
- ^ Qtd. in McNeill 1989, pp 272–273.
- ^ Qtd. in McNeill 1989, p273.
- ^ Goulah Jason, Ito Takao (2012). "Daisaku Ikeda's Curriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and 'Human Education' in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship". Curriculum Inquiry. 42 (1): 65. doi:10.1111/j.1467-873X.2011.00572.x.
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- ^ "Chinese Part 1 – Dr. Daisaku Ikeda's animation stories – Malaysia ntv7". Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
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- ^ "Embracing the future: essays". OCLC WorldCat. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ McLaughlin. PhD dissertation, Princeton University., Levi (2009). Soka Gakkai in Japan. Princeton University: Dissertation. p. 150.
- ^ a b Ikeda, Daisaku (2004). The Human Revolution. Santa Monica, California: World Tribune Press. ISBN 0-915678-77-2.
- ^ Daisaku Ikeda Website Committee, "The Human Revolution Vol. 1–6"
External links
Official Daisaku Ikeda websites
- daisakuikeda.org – Official Daisaku Ikeda website
- ikedaquotes.org – Official Daisaku Ikeda inspirational quotes website
- sgi.org – Official SGI profile of Daisaku Ikeda
- treasures-of-heart.org – Official website of Daisaku Ikeda's animated stories for children
Related websites
- ikedacenter.org – The Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning and Dialogue
- soka.ac.jp/en – Notable university lectures given by Daisaku Ikeda
Interviews
- [1] - IDN Interview of Daisaku Ikeda by Ramesh Jaura, in 2015
- tricyle.com – Tricycle Magazine Interview of Daisaku Ikeda by Clark Strand, Winter 2008 issue
- [2] - New Zealand's Scoop Independent News Interview with Daisaku Ikeda by Alastair Thompson, in 2014
Soka Gakkai presidency
- 1928 births
- Buddhist pacifists
- Japanese Buddhists
- Japanese pacifists
- Japanese writers
- Living people
- Buddhist writers
- Japanese religious leaders
- Writers from Tokyo
- Members of Sōka Gakkai
- Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Education
- Nichiren Buddhism
- Sōka Gakkai
- Commanders of the Order of the Southern Cross
- Recipients of the Order of Cultural Merit (Korea)
- Recipients of the Order of Friendship
- Recipients of the Order of the Sun of Peru
- Recipients of the Order of Francisco de Miranda
- Nichiren Buddhists
- Japanese anti–nuclear weapons activists