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Marathwada

Coordinates: 19°53′00″N 75°20′00″E / 19.8833°N 75.3333°E / 19.8833; 75.3333
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Marathwada
मराठवाडा
Location of Marathwada in Maharashtra
Districts1. Aurangabad,
2. Nanded,
3. Latur,
4. Parbhani,
5. Jalna,
6. Beed,
7. Hingoli,
8. Osmanabad
Largest cityAurangabad
DivisionsAurangabad division[1]
Area64,590 km2 (24,940 sq mi)
Population(2011)18,731,872[2]
Density(per sq km354[2]
Literacy76.27%[2]
Sex Ratio932[2]

Marathwada (IPA:Marāṭhvāḍā) is one of the five regions in Indian state of Maharashtra. The region coincides with the Aurangabad Division of Maharashtra.

Etymology

The term Marathwada literally indicates "The House of Marathi people" that is land occupied by Marathi speaking population in former Hyderabad state in Nizam rule.'Wada' in Telugu means Street,so Maratha+Wada literally translates region of Marathi Speaking People.The origin of the term traced back to 18th century in state records of Nizam of Hyderabad.[3]

Historical highlights

Main article: Indian integration of Hyderabad
See also: Marathwada Liberation Day
Marathwada Liberation Day monument in Parbhani.
File:Mir osman ali khan.JPG
Mir Osman Ali Khan was last Nizam of Hyderabad State(1911-1948), On 22 February 1937 a cover story by TIME called him as the wealthiest man in the world.
Hyderabad State in 1909.

Mughal king Muhammad Shah appointed a Turani noble Asaf Jah I as the wazir of Mughal Empire in 1722, but in 1724 he left for the Deccan to start his own kingdom and took the title Nizam-ul-Mulk. Marathwada become a part of Nizam of Hyderabad, which later came to be known as the princely state of Hyderabad but under the suzerainty of British India. Mir Osman Ali Khan was the last Nizam ruler of Hyderabad state. ("Nizam" became the title of the ruling descendants of Nizam-ul-Mulk.)

On August 15, 1947, British India was partitioned into two independent states, the Union of India and Pakistan, and the Nizam ruling Hyderabad State at that time chose not to merge Hyderabad state into either country. Subsequently, through Operation Polo, a "police action" on September 17, 1948, the Indian army annexed Hyderabad to India.

On November 1, 1956, Marathwada was transferred from Hyderabad State to Bombay State. On May 1, 1960, Bombay state was divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat states, Marathwada becoming a part of the former. Nanded and Aurangabad are the regional headquarters of Marathwada. Auranagabad, known as capital of Marathwada, derived its name from Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who ruled it for a brief period. There is a demand to rename it as Sambhaji Nagar to honour the Marathi warrior Raje Sambhaji, son of The great Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Nanded is famous for the Sachkhand Gurudwara and one of the important city on the banks of river Godavari.

Districts

Marathwada includes following districts.

Within these 8 districts, there are Municipal Corporations at Aurangabad,[4] Nanded,[5] Latur, and Parbhani.[6]

Major cities

Aurangabad, Nanded, Jalna

Demography

  • Marathwada has total area of 64590 km2, and has population of 18,731,872(2011 census).[7]
  • Marathwada has area equal to Sri Lanka and population equal to Netherlands. Out of nearly 250 Countries and Dependencies of the world, only 63 nations have more population than Marathwada.

Tourism

See also: Tourism in Marathwada

Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at Ajanta Caves in cave number 26
Bibi Ka Maqbara, also known as mini-Tajmahal.
Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara Nanded
Hazur Sahib Nanded

The state government recognises Aurangabad as the Tourism Capital of Maharashtra.[8] There are various tourist attractions in Aurangabad. Other places visited by tourists are:

Education

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad
File:SRTMU.jpg
Front View at Night

.

Marathwada has four government medical colleges, situated at Aurangabad, Nanded, Latur and Ambajogai. It also has three major universities, being Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University at Aurangabad, Marathwada Agricultural University at Parbhani, and Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University at Nanded.

Marathwada Statutory Development Board

Article 371(2) of Constitution of India is a special provision in respect of State of Maharashtra. According to this article, President of India can give special responsibility to Governor of Maharashtra to create separate development boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada, Rest of Maharashtra regions of Maharashtra. Marathwada Statutory Development Board releases annual report assessing problems within various districts of Marathwada, also monitors development work and expenditure.[10]

Major Findings of Annual Report

Region Small, Medium Industries(%) Large Industries(%) Per Capita Income(Rs) Special Economic Zones Foreign Direct Investment(%)
Marathwada 07 11 60,013 10 02
Vidarbha 13 14 65,502 10 08
Western Maharashtra 80 75 105,488 96 90
  • Annual Report 2011-12 shows some of striking findings of regional imbalance in Maharashtra.[10][11]
  • Of total 'Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises' in Maharashtra, Marathwada has only 7% of enterprises while Vidarbha has 13%, Rest of Maharashtra has 80% of total enterprises.
  • Of total 'Large Industries', Marathwada has 11%, Vidarbha 14% while Rest of Maharashtra has 75%.
  • Per Capita Income of Marathwada is Rs.60013, Vidarbha Rs.65502, Rest of Maharashtra Rs.105488.
  • Of total 116 Special Economic Zones of Maharashtra, Marathwada has 10, Vidarbha 10 and Rest of Maharashtra 96.
  • Of total Foreign Direct Investment in Maharashtra, only 2% is in Marathwada while Vidarbha has 8% and Rest of Maharashtra has 90%.

Above findings shows that development of Maharashtra is concentrated in Western region that is Rest of Maharashtra while Marathwada region is least developed region in Maharashtra. Report also says that whatever development happened in Marathwada is concentrated around Aurangabad.[10][11]

Suicide of farmers

According to government records, 422 farmers in Marathwada committed suicide in 2014. This was because of their inability to bear crop losses and a financial quandary made acute by water scarcity and an agrarian crisis.[12] 2014 was the third consecutive year of low rainfall, and when rainfall did occur it was sometimes untimely and damaged crops. Of the 422 suicides, 252 cases were due to an inability to repay agricultural loans.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ ""Nanded division" carved out of "Aurangabad division"". The Times of India. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d "District wise Demography". Census 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ Kate, P.V. (1987). Marathwada under the Nizams, 1724-1948. Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. p. 3. ISBN 8170990173. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  4. ^ http://www.aurangabadmahapalika.org/singleIndex.jsp?orgid=95
  5. ^ "NWCMC Home Page". Nwcmc.gov.in. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
  6. ^ http://pcmcparbhani.org/
  7. ^ "Maharashtra Population Census data 2011". Government of India. Retrieved 11 April 2015. Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.
  8. ^ "World News Headlines". Newkerala.com. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
  9. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jintur
  10. ^ a b c "Marathwobada Statutory Development Board". Msdb.gov.in. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
  11. ^ a b http://msdb.gov.in/newsite/Annual%20Report%202011-12.pdf
  12. ^ a b "422 farmer suicides in 2014 in Marathwada gives BJP govt the jitters | Business Standard News". Business-standard.com. 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2015-05-29.

Further reading

19°53′00″N 75°20′00″E / 19.8833°N 75.3333°E / 19.8833; 75.3333

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