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Pulkovo Airport

Coordinates: 59°48′01″N 30°15′45″E / 59.80028°N 30.26250°E / 59.80028; 30.26250
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For the airport in the United States, see St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport.
Pulkovo

Пулково
Summary
Airport typeInternational
OwnerSaint Petersburg City Administration
OperatorNorthern Capital Gateway
ServesSaint Petersburg, Russia
Hub for
Elevation AMSL79 ft / 24 m
Coordinates59°48′01″N 30°15′45″E / 59.80028°N 30.26250°E / 59.80028; 30.26250
Websitepulkovoairport.ru
Map
LED is located in Saint Petersburg
LED
LED
Location of the airport in Saint Petersburg
LED is located in European Russia
LED
LED
Location of the airport in Russia
LED is located in Europe
LED
LED
Location of the airport in Europe
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
10R/28L 3,780 12,401 Cement-concrete
10L/28R 3,397 11,145 Cement-concrete
Statistics (2019)
Passengers19,581,262
Passenger changeIncrease 8.1%
Sources: Russian Federal Air Transport Agency (see also provisional 2018 statistics)[1]

Pulkovo (Russian: Пулково, IPA: [ˈpulkəvə]) (IATA: LED, ICAO: ULLI) is an international airport serving St. Petersburg, Russia. It consists of one terminal which is located 23 km (14 mi) south of the city centre.[2] The airport serves as a hub for Rossiya Airlines[3] and as focus city for Smartavia. It is responsible for serving the citizens of Saint Petersburg, as well as the Leningrad Oblast: a total of 6,120,000 people. It is the twelfth-busiest airport in Europe.

Description

Pulkovo Airport was officially opened on June 24, 1932, as a state-owned domestic airport. According to provisional figures for 2017, 16,125,520 passengers passed through the airport, a 21.6% increase over 2016. This makes Pulkovo the 4th busiest airport in Russia and the post-Soviet states.[2] Pulkovo is one of the largest airports in Russia and Eastern Europe.

History

1931–1986

In January 1931, construction of an aerodrome near Leningrad (Saint Petersburg's official name between 1924 and 1991 and the source of the airfield's IATA code of "LED" [2]) commenced and was completed on 24 June 1932, with the first aircraft arriving at 17:31 that day, after a two-and-a-half hour flight from Moscow carrying passengers and mail.[4] This aerodrome was at first named Shosseynaya Airport, the name coming from the nearby Shosseynaya railway station.[5] Soon after, the airport opened regular flights to Petrozavodsk, Pudozh, Arkhangelsk, and Murmansk.

In 1936, a foundation for a new terminal was laid out. Leningrad's airport was also provided with new G-2s and PS-84s.[6] In 1941, a new completely commercial passenger route between Moscow and Leningrad was opened; before it was a mixed passenger-mail route. Construction of the new terminal thrived between 1937 and 1941. The architects of the new three-story terminal were Aleksandr Ivanovich Gegello and N.E. Lansere. Construction was abruptly put on hold in July 1941, one month after Nazi Germany's invasion of the USSR on 22 June 1941. The airport was the front line in the German Siege of Leningrad. There were no flights between 1941 and 1944. The nearby Pulkovo hills were occupied by the Germans and were used by German long-range artillery for daily bombardments of Leningrad. The airport was cleared of the Germans in January 1944, and resumed cargo and mail flights after the runways were repaired in 1945. In February 1948, after the damage was completely repaired, the airport resumed scheduled passenger flights. In 1949, there were scheduled flights to 15 major cities of the USSR, and 15 more short-range flights within the north-western Russia.[7] In 1949, Shosseynaya Airport recorded a passenger traffic rate of 6,305, 333 tons of mail, and 708 tons of cargo.[8]

In 1951, the construction of the new terminal was complete. In the mid-1950s the new extended runway was completed, allowing to handle larger aircraft such as Ilyushin-18 and Tupolev-104.[9] in that same time period the exploitation of jet engine planes began in Shosseynaya Airport. On 15 March 1959, the USSR-42419 Tu-104 was the first commercial jet airplane to take off from the Shosseynaya Airport.[citation needed]

In the early 1960s, modern regional airplanes such as the An-24 and Yak-40 began to appear in the airport. Flights to Vladivostok began to emerge in the flight lists. ICAO category 1 standards were implemented in 1965, making way for international operations. By the late 1960s, over 60 airlines had flights to and from Saint Petersburg's airport. On 8 February 1971, Shosseynaya was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.[10] The airport was renamed Pulkovo Airport on 24 April 1973. In May 1973, the new Pulkovo 1 terminal was opened. The famous 5-cup Pulkovo 1 was designed by Alexandr Zyk. The 5 cups on top were put intentionally to give the terminal a more spacious feeling, as well as to allow more natural sunlight to pass through. This terminal is regarded as a masterpiece of Soviet postmodern architecture.[11] Pulkovo 1 was a domestic-only terminal. Domestic air traffic increased approximately 45% every decade between the 1970-1990s. The old pre-war building of the airport was renamed to Pulkovo 2 and the terminal was exploited for international flights only.[12]

On 11 April 1986, the new departure and arrival zones for the international terminal were completed, doubling the passenger traffic rate capacity of Pulkovo 1.

1986–2007

In 1990, Pulkovo Airport reached its passenger traffic rate peak of over 10,000,000 passengers. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the number of passengers declined. In 2005, Pulkovo Airport gained independence as it separated from the Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise. Also in 2005, Rosavia declares that Pulkovo Airport (still state-owned) is to have an open tender on an investment project of the new terminal construction. This allowed it to sell shares and begin working on investment bidding projects. In 2006, Pulkovo Airport served just over 5,000,000 passengers: only 50% of the number from 1990.

2007–present

In 2007, Grimshaw Architects was announced as the winner of the construction contract. In 2009, The Saint Petersburg Transportation Ministry requested that an operating company for Pulkovo Airport be created, and a consortium known as NCG (Northern Capital Gateway) was set up by Russian VTB Capital Bank, international Fraport AG Company, and the Greek Copelouzos Group. On 29 April 2010, NCG won the tender for a 30-year operating lease over Pulkovo Airport. On 24 November 2010, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin attended a ceremony celebrating the beginning of construction on the new 150,000 m2 Terminal 1.

From 2020, the number of destinations are expected to increase rapidly, with up to 75% increase in passenger numbers forecast. This follows a five-year test agreement permitting non-Russian airlines to operate flights from multiple European destinations into the airport under an OpenSkies/Seventh-freedom traffic right[13] The test follows an easing of visa requirements for many European nationals wishing to visit the St Petersburg region designed to increase tourism to the city through the airport.[14]

Terminals

Pulkovo 1

This historic terminal, opened in 1973, is 43,000 m2 (460,000 sq ft).[15] It was built for 6,500,000 passengers annually, but by 2008 it surpassed its maximum capacity.[16] Since its reconstruction was completed in 2014, this terminal is now used for all passenger flights, domestic and international. It has several duty-free shops, restaurants, and 6 jet bridges. It was reported that when the reconstruction of Pulkovo 1 is completed, Pulkovo Airport's capacity would increase to 17,000,000 passengers annually.

Terminal 1

Construction of Terminal 1 was delayed several times and began in 2010.[citation needed] In November 2013, the airport was tested for errors by over 5,200 residents of Saint Petersburg who partook in the process. Several days after the test the new Terminal 1 opened on December 3, 2013. On February 14, 2014, all operations were consolidated into the new terminal as the old Pulkovo 1 and Pulkovo 2 terminals have been shut down.[15] The new terminal contains several business lounges, restaurants, pharmacies. Terminal 1 is 147,000 m2 and has 400,000 m2 airport dock in front of it. The airport has 88 check-in counters, 110 passport booths, 7 baggage carousels, 110 parking stands, 17 gates, and 17 escalators. The interior of the new airport was designed by Grimshaw Architects and directly correlates with the designs and style of Saint Petersburg city. The new Terminal also sought many artistic sculptures and paintings to give http://line-stargadget.ru/ a sense of thriving culture to passengers. Four sculptures from Dmitry Shorin's project named I Believe in Angels decorate the departure hall.[17][18]

The current Pulkovo-1 terminal includes new terminal and old Soviet terminal that was re-constructed and fully converted into departure area.

Airlines and destinations

Due to the impact of the aviation in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, destinations to the European Union, United Kingdom, Australasia, North America, Switzerland, Singapore, Northeast Asia, Taiwan, Iceland, Hong Kong and Norway are suspended and banned until further notice.

AirlinesDestinations
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Yerevan
Air Astana Almaty, Astana
airBaltic Riga (suspended)
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle (suspended)
Air Moldova Chișinău (suspended)
Air Serbia Belgrade
Alrosa Mirny, Novosibirsk, Polyarny, Yakutsk
Austrian Airlines Seasonal: Vienna (suspended)
Avia Traffic Company Bishkek, Osh
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku, Ganja
Azimuth Bryansk,[19] Elista,[20] Grozny, Kaluga,[21] Krasnodar,[22] Moscow–Vnukovo,[23] Rostov-on-Don,[22] Stavropol
Azur Air[24] Seasonal charter: Antalya, Colombo–Bandaranaike,[25] Dalaman, Enfidha, Phuket, Sanya,[25] Zanzibar
Belavia Minsk
Brussels Airlines Seasonal: Brussels (suspended)
Bulgaria Air Sofia (suspended)[26][27]
Buta Airways Baku[28]
Cyprus Airways Seasonal: Larnaca (suspended)
Emirates Dubai–International
FlyOne Seasonal: Chișinău[29]
Iberia Seasonal: Madrid (suspended)
I-Fly Shenzhen
IrAero Barnaul,[30] Irkutsk, Karshi,[31] Nizhny Novgorod
Iran Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini[32]
Iran Aseman Airlines Seasonal: Tehran–Imam Khomeini
Izhavia Izhevsk
KLM Amsterdam (suspended)
Komiaviatrans Nizhnekamsk, Perm, Syktyvkar, Usinsk, Vladimir
Korean Air Seasonal: Seoul–Incheon (suspended)
Kostroma Air Enterprise Kostroma
Lucky Air Chengdu–Shuangliu,[33] Kunming[34]
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich (both suspended)
Mahan Air Seasonal: Tehran–Imam Khomeini[35]
NordStar Moscow–Domodedovo,[36] Norilsk
Nordwind Airlines Baku, Barnaul, Belgrade, Cairo, Gorno-Altaysk,[37] Istanbul, Khabarovsk,[37] Krasnodar,[38] Lankaran, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Rostov-on-Don, Sarajevo,[39] Tomsk, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg
Seasonal charter: Antalya,[40] Cam Ranh,[40] Djerba,[40] Monastir,[40] Pattaya–U-Tapao,[40] Phuket[40]
Pegas Fly Khabarovsk,[41] Nalchik,[41] Nizhny Novgorod,[41] Yerevan[42]
Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen[43]
Pobeda Astrakhan,[44] Cheboksary,[45] Chelyabinsk,[44] Kaliningrad,[46] Magas, Moscow–Vnukovo, Nalchik,[47] Nizhnekamsk, Novosibirsk,[44] Perm,[44][48] Saratov,[49] Ufa,[44] Vladikavkaz,[50] Volgograd,[50] Voronezh,[51] Yaroslavl,[52] Yekaterinburg
Seasonal: Anapa,[53] Kirov, Makhachkala
Red Wings Airlines Moscow–Domodedovo, Simferopol, Sochi
Seasonal: Krasnodar[54]
Rossiya Airlines Almaty, Arkhangelsk, Chelyabinsk, Istanbul,[55] Kaliningrad, Kazan, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk–International, Mineralnye Vody, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Moscow–Vnukovo, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod,[56] Nizhnevartovsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Perm, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, Samarkand, Simferopol, Sochi, Surgut, Syktyvkar, Tashkent, Tel Aviv, Tyumen, Ufa, Volgograd,[57] Yekaterinburg, Zagreb (suspended)
Seasonal: Anapa, Antalya, Chișinău, Gelendzhik
Seasonal charter: Sharjah
RusLine Ivanovo, Kaliningrad,[58] Kirov, Kursk, Lipetsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Saratov, Tambov, Ufa, Voronezh, Yoshkar-Ola
Seasonal: Gelendzhik[59]
S7 Airlines[60] Apatity/Kirvosk, Irkutsk,[61] Kaluga, Lipetsk,[62] Moscow–Domodedovo, Novosibirsk
Scandinavian Airlines Stockholm–Arlanda (suspended)[63]
Seasonal: Copenhagen (suspended)
Severstal Air Company Apatity/Kirovsk, Cherepovets, Sovetsky, Ukhta, Veliky Ustyug
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu–Shuangliu[64]
Smartavia Arkhangelsk, Baku,[65] Bukhara,[66] Chelyabinsk, Kaliningrad, Kazan, Murmansk, Namangan,[66] Naryan-Mar, Rostov-on-Don,[67] Samara, Syktyvkar, Ufa, Voronezh[42]
Seasonal: Anapa, Simferopol, Sochi
Smartwings Prague (suspended)[68]
Somon Air Dushanbe, Khujand
SunExpress Seasonal: Izmir[69]
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich (suspended)
Taban Air Seasonal: Tehran–Imam Khomeini
Tunisair Seasonal: Monastir
Turkish Airlines Antalya,[70] Istanbul[71]
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat
Ural Airlines Almaty,[72] Barnaul, Bishkek, Chita, Dushanbe, Kaliningrad, Kemerovo, Khabarovsk, Mineralnye Vody, Moscow–Domodedovo,[73] Namangan, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Osh, Rostov-on-Don, Shymkent,[72][74] Tel Aviv, Vladivostok, Yakutsk, Yekaterinburg, Yerevan
Seasonal: Simferopol, Sochi, Tomsk
Seasonal charter: Antalya[24]
Utair Krasnodar, Mineralnye Vody, Moscow–Vnukovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Noyabrsk, Samara, Surgut, Tashkent,[75] Vladikavkaz
Seasonal: Anapa, Novy Urengoy
UVT Aero Bugulma, Kazan, Nizhnevartovsk, Salekhard
Uzbekistan Airways Andizhan, Bukhara, Fergana, Karshi, Namangan, Navoi, Samarkand, Tashkent, Termez, Urgench
Vologda Aviation Enterprise Vologda
Wizz Air Budapest, Sofia (both suspended)
Yakutia Airlines Yakutsk
Seasonal: Magadan, Novosibirsk
Yamal Airlines Apatity/Kirovsk, Novy Urengoy,[76] Tyumen
Seasonal: Simferopol

Statistics

Exterior of old terminal 1.
View of the taxiways
Duty-free area of terminal 1
New terminal exterior.
New departure hall interior.
Terminal 1 interior after renovation.

Annual traffic

Annual Passenger Traffic
Year Passengers % Change
2004 4,337,749 Steady
2005 4,654,405 Increase 7.3%
2006 5,101,842 Increase 9.6%
2007 6,137,805 Increase 20%
2008 7,071,537 Increase 15.2%
2009 6,758,352 Decrease −4.4%
2010 8,443,753 Increase 25%
2011 9,610,767 Increase 14%
2012 11,154,560 Increase 16%
2013 12,854,366 Increase 15.2%
2014 14,264,732 Increase 11%
2015 13,500,125 Decrease −5.3%
2016 13,300,000 Decrease −1.4%
2017 16,125,520 Increase 21.2%
2018 18,122,286 Increase 12.4%
2019 19,581,262 Increase 8.1%
2020 10,944,421 Decrease −45.1%
2021 (Jan-Nov) 16,651,748 Increase 52.1%

Route statistics

Busiest domestic routes at Pulkovo Airport (by number of passengers) 2019[77]
Rank City Region Airports Number of passengers
1 Moscow Moscow Moscow
Moscow Oblast Moscow Oblast 		Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo, Vnukovo 5,051,518
2 Simferopol  Republic of Crimea Simferopol Airport 653,844
3 Sochi  Krasnodar Krai Adler–Sochi International Airport 567,827
4 Kaliningrad  Kaliningrad Oblast Khrabrovo Airport 511,520
5 Yekaterinburg  Sverdlovsk Oblast Koltsovo Airport 417,011
6 Krasnodar  Krasnodar Krai Pashkovsky Airport 409,758
7 Novosibirsk  Novosibirsk Oblast Tolmachevo Airport 382,849
8 Arkhangelsk  Arkhangelsk Oblast Talagi Airport 329,233
9 Rostov-on-Don  Rostov Oblast Rostov-on-Don Airport 308,118
10 Murmansk  Murmansk Oblast Murmansk Airport 306,564
Busiest CIS routes at Pulkovo Airport (by number of passengers) 2019[77]
Rank City Country Airports Number of passengers
1 Minsk  Belarus Minsk National Airport 292,044
2 Tashkent  Uzbekistan Tashkent International Airport 132,785
3 Samarkand  Uzbekistan Samarkand Airport 100,255
4 Chișinău  Moldova Chișinău International Airport 95,698
5 Dushanbe  Tajikistan Dushanbe International Airport 86,430
6 Almaty  Kazakhstan Almaty International Airport 82,605
7 Yerevan  Armenia Zvartnots International Airport 60,570
8 Urgench  Uzbekistan Urgench International Airport 57,274
9 Nur-Sultan  Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport 52,319
10 Osh  Kyrgyzstan Osh Airport 51,593
Busiest international routes at Pulkovo Airport (by number of passengers) 2019[77]
Rank City Country Airports Number of passengers
1 Antalya  Turkey Antalya Airport 893,927
2 Frankfurt  Germany Frankfurt Airport 273,017
3 Munich  Germany Munich Airport 248,291
4 Paris  France Charles de Gaulle Airport 245,952
5 Larnaca  Cyprus Larnaca International Airport 225,943
6 Helsinki  Finland Helsinki Airport 209,890
7 Riga  Latvia Riga International Airport 194,248
8 Prague  Czech Republic Václav Havel Airport Prague 186,845
9 Dubai  United Arab Emirates Dubai International Airport 186,428
10 Rome–Fiumicino  Italy Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport 169,637

Investors

Northern Capital Gateway (NCG) began managing the airport in 2009.[78]

The airport's website lists the companies currently participating alongside NCG:[78]

"Russian VTB Capital, member of state-owned VTB Group, German Fraport AG, which manages and operates the airport of Frankfurt and many other international airports, and Horizon Air Investments S.A. member of the Greek Copelouzos Group".

Although not yet listed on the website, the latest investor is Qatar Investment Authority (QIA), which now owns a 24.99% share of the Pulkovo Airport.[79][80] Sheikh Ahmed Al-Thani, vice chairman of QIA and member of Qatar's ruling Al-Thani family, is now listed as a member of the Board of Directors on the Pulkovo airport's website, along with Arturo Carta of QIA.[81]

Ground transportation

Bus near Terminal 1.
  • "Marshrutka" minibuses No. K-39 run on several lines, some of them following the city bus routes (and using matching line numbers).
  • Pulkovo Airport is served by the shuttle buses(No.39 and No.39Ex). They connect the airport with metro station "Moskovskaya" on line M2.
  • Train station "Аirport" (Russian "Аэропорт") is 15 minutes walk from Pulkovo 2.

For private car travel, Pulkovo Airport is accessible via the nearby Pulkovo Highway (Pulkovskoe shosse) from Saint Petersburg city center.

Accidents and incidents

See also

References

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Media related to Pulkovo Airport at Wikimedia Commons

59°48′01″N 30°15′45″E / 59.80028°N 30.26250°E / 59.80028; 30.26250

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