2019 in spaceflight
Orbital launches | |
---|---|
First | 10 January |
Last | 27 March |
Total | 19 |
Successes | 16 |
Failures | 3 |
Catalogued | 16 |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | |
Retirements |
|
This article documents notable spaceflight events during the year 2019.
Overview
Lunar exploration
The Chinese probe Chang'e 4 made the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon on 3 January. China also intends to launch Chang'e 5 in December, the first sample-return mission to the Moon since Luna 24 in 1976, and to test a new generation of crewed spacecraft. Chang'e 5 will use the recently developed Long March 5 heavy-lift rocket. India plans to launch the delayed Chandrayaan-2 lunar orbiter/lander/rover in April.[1] Some[2] of the participants in the expired Google Lunar X Prize plan to launch their private missions to the Moon in 2019, first being SpaceIL from Israel with their Beresheet ("Genesis" in Hebrew) lander.[3]
Exploration of the Solar System
The probe New Horizons encountered the Kuiper belt object (486958) 2014 MU69 (nicknamed Ultima Thule) on 1 January. This is the furthest object from the Sun ever to have a close encounter with a spacecraft.[4]
Human spaceflight
The United States are expected to regain crewed orbital launch capabilities lost after the Space Shuttle retirement in 2011. Crew capsules Dragon 2 by SpaceX and CST-100 Starliner by Boeing are scheduled to fly their demonstration missions to the International Space Station as part of NASA's Commercial Crew Development program.[5] Dragon 2 successfully flew to the ISS on 3 March 2019 without a crew.
Blue Origin plans to send its own employees on board of New Shepard for the first crewed sub-orbital spaceflight in the first half of 2019.[6] Virgin Galactic plans to perform the first commercial sub-orbital flight in the middle of the year with the founder Richard Branson on board.[7]
Rocket innovation
Several manufacturers have announced the first orbital launches of new rockets for 2019: Firefly Alpha, LauncherOne and Vector-R in the US, Hyperbola-1, Kuaizhou-11 in China, Bloostar in Spain, and SSLV in India. As of the beginning of the year around 100 small satellite launchers were in active use, in development, or were recently canceled or stalled.[8]
The maiden flight of OS-M by OneSpace in March failed to reach orbit.[9]
The "single stick" Delta IV is expected to retire in 2019.[10]
Orbital launches
Suborbital flights
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
4 January 09:27 |
Black Brant XIIA | Andøya | NASA | ||||
CAPER-2 | Dartmouth College | Suborbital | Auroral research | 4 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 774 kilometres (481 mi) | |||||||
13 January 09:13 |
Terrier-Improved Malemute | Andøya | NASA | ||||
G-CHASER | University of Colorado | Suborbital | Student payloads | 13 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 174 kilometres (108 mi) | |||||||
22 January | Silver Sparrow ? | F-15 Eagle, Israel | IAF | ||||
IAI/IDF | Suborbital | Missile test target | 22 January | Successful | |||
Arrow III target, successfully intercepted | |||||||
22 January | Arrow III | Negev | IAF | ||||
IAI/IDF | Suborbital | Flight test | 22 January | Successful | |||
Successful intercept, Apogee: ~200 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
23 January 15:05[139] |
New Shepard | NS-10 | Corn Ranch | Blue Origin | |||
Crew Capsule 2.0 | Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 23 January | Successful | ||
Tenth test flight of the New Shepard development program, fourth one with the current vehicle.[138] | |||||||
6 February 07:01 |
Minuteman-III | Vandenberg Air Force Base | US Air Force | ||||
US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 6 February | Successful | |||
6 February 08:31 |
RS-24 Yars | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 February | Successful | |||
22 February 16:54 |
SpaceShipTwo | VF01 | White Knight Two, from Mojave Spaceport | Virgin Galactic | |||
VSS Unity | Virgin Galactic | Suborbital | Test flight | 22 February | Successful | ||
Second manned sub-orbital high altitude flight of SpaceShipTwo with three crew members on board, pilot Dave Mackay, co-pilot Mike Masucci and chief trainer Beth Moses, Apogee: 89.9 kilometres (55.9 mi) | |||||||
2 March 17:45 |
SARGE | Spaceport America, New Mexico | Exos Aerospace | ||||
SARGE M1 | Exos Aerospace | Suborbital | Microgravity Research | 2 March | Partial failure | ||
Second launch of the SARGE suborbital launch vehicle, it carried several small research payloads and was intended to reach a peak altitude of 80 kilometers, but winds kept the rocket from achieving its planned altitude, it reached only an apogee of 20 kilometres (12 mi)[140] | |||||||
25 March 17:20 |
ICBM-T2 | Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site | MDA | ||||
FTG-11 target | MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 25 March | Successful | ||
Ballistic missile target for interception | |||||||
25 March 17:30 |
GBI-OBV | Vandenberg Air Force Base | MDA | ||||
FTG-11 Interceptor | MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 25 March | Successful | ||
Ballistic missile interceptor | |||||||
25 March 17:31 |
GBI-OBV | Vandenberg Air Force Base | MDA | ||||
FTG-11 Interceptor | MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 25 March | Successful | ||
Ballistic missile interceptor | |||||||
↓ Upcoming launches ↓ | |||||||
April (TBD)[142] | Orion Abort Test Booster | Cape Canaveral SLC-46 | Orbital ATK | ||||
Orion Ascent Abort-2 | NASA | Suborbital | Test flight | ||||
In-flight abort test under the highest aerodynamic loads. A specific booster repurposed from a LGM-118 Peacekeeper missile is being developed for this mission.[141] | |||||||
June (TBD)[92] | Falcon 9 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | ||||
Dragon 2 | SpaceX | Suborbital | Test flight | ||||
In-flight abort test at Max Q, performed by the capsule from the first demonstration mission SpX-DM1.[143][144] | |||||||
H1(TBD) [6] | New Shepard | Corn Ranch | Blue Origin | ||||
Crew Capsule 2.0 | Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | ||||
First crewed flight | |||||||
2019 (TBD)[145] | Miura 1 | El Arenosillo | PLD Space | ||||
Suborbital | Microgravity Research | ||||||
Maiden flight of Miura 1. Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi). | |||||||
2018 (TBD) | RS-28 Sarmat | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | |||||
H1, 2018 | Demonstrator-3 | Spaceport America, New Mexico | ARCA Space Corporation | ||||
— | ARCA Space Corporation | Suborbital | Test flight | ||||
First test flight of a linear aerospike engine | |||||||
Q4 (TBD) | Skyrora 1 | Skyrora | |||||
To be announced | Skyrora Scotland | Suborbital | Test flight |
Deep-space rendezvous
Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
1 January | New Horizons | Flyby of Kuiper belt object (486958) 2014 MU69 | |
3 January[146] | Chang'e 4 | Landing at Von Kármán crater | First landing on the far side of the Moon |
12 February | Juno | 18th perijove of Jupiter | |
21 February | Hayabusa2 | First sample collection from asteroid Ryugu[147] | |
4 April | Parker Solar Probe | Second perihelion | |
4 April | Beresheet | Lunar orbital insertion | |
6 April | Juno | 19th perijove | |
11 April | Beresheet | Lunar landing | |
29 May | Juno | 20th perijove | |
May | Hayabusa2 | Second sample collection from asteroid Ryugu | |
21 July | Juno | 21st perijove | |
1 September | Parker Solar Probe | Third perihelion | |
12 September | Juno | 22nd perijove | |
3 November | Juno | 23rd perijove | |
26 December | Parker Solar Probe | Second gravity assist at Venus | |
26 December | Juno | 24th perijove | |
December | Hayabusa2 | Departure from asteroid Ryugu |
Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
Mission | Spacewalkers | Start (UTC) | End (UTC) | Duration | |
214. | Expedition 59 EVA 1 |
Anne McClain | 22 March 2019 | TBA | |
Space Station Maintenance | |||||
215. | Expedition 59 EVA 2 |
Anne McClain | 29 March 2019 | TBA | |
Space Station Maintenance | |||||
216. | Expedition 59 EVA 3 |
Nick Hague | 8 April 2019 | TBA | |
Space Station Maintenance |
Space debris events
Date/Time (UTC) | Source object | Event type | Pieces tracked | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
27 March | Microsat-R and kinetic kill vehicle | Anti-satellite test | 270+ | Indian Prime Minister Modi announced a successful test of an anti-satellite weapon. The test was believed to have destroyed the Microsat-R satellite launched in January.[148][149] |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||
Europe | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
India | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Iran | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||
Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Russia | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Includes European Soyuz | |
United States | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
Total | 19 | 16 | 3 | 0 |
By rocket
- Ariane 5
- Atlas V
- Delta IV
- Delta IV Heavy
- Electron
- Falcon 9
- Falcon 9 reused
- Falcon Heavy
- H-IIA
- H-IIB
- Long March 2
- Long March 3
- Long March 4
- Long March 5
- Long March 11
- PSLV
- GSLV
- Soyuz-FG
- Soyuz-2 (Russia)
- Soyuz-ST (Europe)
- Proton-M
- Rokot
- Vega
- Others
By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares | United States | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane | Europe | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | United States | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Electron | United States / New Zealand | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | United States | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV | India | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | Japan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | China | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | China | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur | United States | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus | United States | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
OS | China | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
PSLV | India | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | Russia | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | Iran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | Russia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zhuque (LandSpace) | China | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 200 | United States | Antares | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 | Europe | Ariane | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | United States | Atlas | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | United States | Delta | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Includes Delta IV Heavy derivative |
Electron | United States | Electron | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Japan | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | United States | Falcon | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Includes Falcon Heavy derivative |
GSLV | India | GSLV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV Mk III | India | GSLV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | Japan | H-II | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Japan | H-II | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | China | Kuaizhou | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur I | United States | Minotaur | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | China | Long March | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | China | Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | China | Long March | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | China | Long March | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 11 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
OS-1 | China | OneSpace | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | United States | Pegasus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | Russia | Universal Rocket | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | Iran | Safir | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz | Russia | R-7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 or ST | Russia | R-7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
UR-100 (Rockot) | Russia | Universal Rocket | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zhuque-1 | China | Zhuque | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 230 | United States | Antares 200 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ECA | Europe | Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | United States | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 411 | United States | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 531 | United States | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 541 | United States | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | United States | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V N22 | United States | Atlas V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | United States | Delta IV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Japan | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Electron | United States | Electron | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 Block 5 | United States | Falcon 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon Heavy | United States | Falcon 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV Mk II | India | GSLV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV Mk III | India | GSLV Mk III | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | Japan | H-IIA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 204 | Japan | H-IIA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Japan | H-IIB | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
KZ-11 | China | Kuaizhou | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2C | China | Long March 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | China | Long March 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | China | Long March 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | China | Long March 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B / YZ-1 | China | Long March 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C | China | Long March 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C / YZ-1 | China | Long March 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | China | Long March 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | China | Long March 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | China | Long March 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 11 | China | Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur I | United States | Minotaur I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
OS-1 | China | OneSpace | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | United States | Pegasus XL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Russia | Proton | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-CA | India | PSLV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | India | PSLV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | Russia | UR-100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | Iran | Safir | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or STA | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or STA / Fregat | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or STB | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or STB / Fregat | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2-1v / Volga | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG | Russia | Soyuz | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zhuque-1 | China | Zhuque-1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
By spaceport
Kazakhstan
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | Kazakhstan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | China | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Kennedy | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | France | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Mahia | New Zealand | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
MARS | United States | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | Russia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | India | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Semnan | Iran | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | China | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | Japan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Uchinoura | Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vostochny | Russia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Wenchang | China | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | China | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 19 | 16 | 3 | 0 |
By orbit
This chart only includes successful orbital launches.
- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous | 14 | 11 | 3 | 0 | |
Medium Earth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Geosynchronous / GTO | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 19 | 16 | 3 | 0 |
Notes
References
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{{cite web}}
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External links
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).