Estradiol-containing birth control pill

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Estradiol-containing oral contraceptive
Background
TypeHormonal
First use1993 (Finland)
Pregnancy rates (first year)
Perfect use?
Typical use?
Usage
ReversibilityYes
User reminders?
Advantages and disadvantages
STI protectionNo

Combined birth control pills that contain natural estradiol or an estradiol ester (e.g., estradiol valerate) include:[1][2][3]

It is hypothesized that these contraceptives may pose less of a risk of blood clots than contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol, which is the conventional estrogen that is used in oral contraceptives, but this has yet to be proven.[6] However, incidence of irregular vaginal bleeding may be higher with estradiol-containing contraceptives in relation to the fact that estradiol is a weaker estrogen than ethinylestradiol in the endometrium.[3]

Estradiol, mainly as esters including estradiol valerate, estradiol cypionate, and estradiol enanthate, is the exclusive estrogen used in combined injectable contraceptives.[7]

Birth control pills containing estradiol valerate/dienogest (Qlaira, Natazia) are associated with a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism.[8] However, they are associated with a significantly lower risk of venous thromboembolism than birth control pills containing ethinylestradiol and a progestin.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ De Leo V, Musacchio MC, Cappelli V, Piomboni P, Morgante G (2016). "Hormonal contraceptives: pharmacology tailored to women's health". Human Reproduction Update. 22 (5): 634–46. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw016. PMID 27307386.
  2. ^ Stanczyk FZ, Archer DF, Bhavnani BR (2013). "Ethinyl estradiol and 17β-estradiol in combined oral contraceptives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and risk assessment". Contraception. 87 (6): 706–27. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.011. PMID 23375353.
  3. ^ a b c Fruzzetti F, Bitzer J (2010). "Review of clinical experience with estradiol in combined oral contraceptives". Contraception. 81 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.08.010. PMID 20004267.
  4. ^ Guida M, Bifulco G, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Scala M, Fernandez LM, Nappi C (2010). "Review of the safety, efficacy and patient acceptability of the combined dienogest/estradiol valerate contraceptive pill". International Journal of Women's Health. 2: 279–90. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S6954. PMC 2990895. PMID 21151673.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Burke A (2013). "Nomegestrol acetate-17b-estradiol for oral contraception". Patient Preference and Adherence. 7: 607–19. doi:10.2147/PPA.S39371. PMC 3702550. PMID 23836965.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ Nelson AL (2015). "An update on new orally administered contraceptives for women". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 16 (18): 2759–72. doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1100173. PMID 26512437.
  7. ^ http://www.wjpps.com/download/article/1412071798.pdf
  8. ^ a b Fruzzetti F, Cagnacci A (2018). "Venous thrombosis and hormonal contraception: what's new with estradiol-based hormonal contraceptives?". Open Access J Contracept. 9: 75–79. doi:10.2147/OAJC.S179673. PMC 6239102. PMID 30519125.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)


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