Mru language

Mru
Mro, Krama^[1]
Mru; Mro, Krama
Script type	alphabet
Languages	Mru
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Mroo (264), Mro, Mru
Unicode
Unicode alias	Mro
Unicode range	U+16A40–U+16A6F

Mru
Mru
Mro, Maru, Mrung, Murung
Region	Bangladesh, Burma
Native speakers	(50,000 cited 1999–2007)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Lolo-Burmese? Mruic Mru; ; ;
Writing system	Mru alphabet, Latin alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mro
Glottolog	mruu1242
ELP	Mru

File:61HCIS.JPG

A group of Mrus foraging in the hills

Mru is a Sino-Tibetan language and one of the recognized languages of Bangladesh. It is spoken by a community of Mros (Mru) inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh with a population of 22,000 according to the 1991 census, and in Burma. The Mros are the second-largest tribal group in Bandarban District of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. A small group of Mros also live in Rangamati Hill District.

The Mru language is considered "definitely endangered" by UNESCO in June 2010.^[3]

It is one of the Sino-Tibetan languages that are difficult to classify and has marginal affiliations with Burmic. Mru and Meithei in India, Bangladesh, and Burma, would appear close to the Kukish languages.^[4] However, although once classified as Kukish, the Mru language is thought to be closer to Lolo-Burmese.^[5]

Distribution

The Mros live in forest areas of Lama, Ruma, Alikaram, and Thanchi near Chimbuk Mountain of Bandarban District (Rashel 2009). They also live in Sittwe (Akiab), Rakhine State, Burma.

Subdivisions

There are five major Mro clans (Rashel 2009).

Dengua
Premsang
Kongloi
Maizer
Ganaroo Gnar

Rashel (2009) also lists another classification scheme which lists ten Mro clans.

Yarua (subdivisions below)
- Khatpo
- Chimlung
- Zongnow
- Chawla
Yaringcha
Tang
Deng
Kough
Tam-tu-chah
Kanbak
Prenju
Naichah
Yomore

Numerals

Rashel (2009:159) lists the following Mro numerals.

lɔk
pre
ʃum
taːli
taŋa
tro
rinit
rijat
tako
muit

Alphabet

The Mru alphabet is an indigenous, messianic script: In the 1980s Menlay Murang (also known as Manley Mro) created the religion of Khrama (or Crama) and with it a new alphabet for the Mru language.^[6]^[7]

The Mru (or Mro) alphabet is written from left to right and has its own set of digits. It does not use tone marks.

The Mru language is written using both the Latin and Mru alphabets.

Unicode

The Mru alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2014 with the release of version 7.0.

The Unicode block for the Mru alphabet, called Mro, is U+16A40–U+16A6F:

Mro^[1]^[2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+16A4x	𖩀‎	𖩁‎	𖩂‎	𖩃‎	𖩄‎	𖩅‎	𖩆‎	𖩇‎	𖩈‎	𖩉‎	𖩊‎	𖩋‎	𖩌‎	𖩍‎	𖩎‎	𖩏‎
U+16A5x	𖩐‎	𖩑‎	𖩒‎	𖩓‎	𖩔‎	𖩕‎	𖩖‎	𖩗‎	𖩘‎	𖩙‎	𖩚‎	𖩛‎	𖩜‎	𖩝‎	𖩞‎
U+16A6x	𖩠‎	𖩡‎	𖩢‎	𖩣‎	𖩤‎	𖩥‎	𖩦‎	𖩧‎	𖩨‎	𖩩‎					𖩮‎	𖩯‎
Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Mru at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Mruic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ UNESCO, "Bangladesh: Some endangered languages (information from Ethnologue, UNESCO)", June 2010.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Article: Sino-Tibetan Languages
^ Peiros, Ilia. 1997. "Lolo–Burmese linguistic archaeology." Mon–Khmer Studies 27: 233–248. (Mon–Khmer Studies Journal website)
^ Hosken, Martin; Everson, Michael (24 March 2009). "N3589R: Proposal for encoding the Mro script in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2 August 2014.
^ Zaman, Mustafa (24 February 2006). "Mother Tongue at Stake". Star Weekend Magazine. 5 (83). The Daily Star.

Peterson, David A., "Where does Mru fit into Tibeto-Burman?", The 42nd International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics (ICSTLL 42), November 2009, Payap University, Chiangmai, Thailand. Cf. p. 14.
Rashel, Md Mostafa (2009). "Morphosyntactic Analysis of Mro Language." Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics, Vol, 2, No, 3, February 2009, 141–160.