Susan Solomon
Susan Solomon | |
|---|---|
 Solomon in 2004 | |
| Born | January 19, 1956 |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Alma mater | B.S. (1977), Illinois Institute of Technology, M.S. (1979), Ph.D. (1981) University of California, Berkeley |
| Known for | Ozone Studies |
| Awards | National Medal of Science (1999) V. M. Goldschmidt Award (2006) William Bowie Medal (2007) Volvo Environment Prize (2009) 2012 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Atmospheric Chemistry |
| Institutions | MIT |
Susan Solomon (born January 19, 1956[1] in Chicago)[2] is an atmospheric chemist, working for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.[3] In 2011, Solomon joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she serves as the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry & Climate Science.[4] Solomon, with her colleagues, was the first to propose the chlorofluorocarbon free radical reaction mechanism that is the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole.[3]
Solomon is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the European Academy of Sciences, and the French Academy of Sciences.[5] In 2008, Solomon was selected by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.[6] She also serves on the Science and Security Board for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.[7]
Biography
Early life
Solomon's interest in science began as a child watching The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau.[2] In high school she placed third in a national science fair, with a project that measured the percent of oxygen in a gas mixture.[2]
Solomon received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1977.[8] She received her Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981, where she specialized in atmospheric chemistry.[8]
Personal life
Solomon married Barry Sidwell in 1988.[2]
Work
Solomon was the head of the Chemistry and Climate Processes Group of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chemical Sciences Division until 2011. In 2011, she joined the faculty of the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Books
- The Coldest March: Scott's Fatal Antarctic Expedition, Yale University Press, 2002 ISBN 0-300-09921-5 - Depicts the tale of Captain Robert Falcon Scott's failed 1912 Antarctic expedition, specifically applying the comparison of modern meteorological data with that recorded by Scott's expedition in an attempt to shed new light on the reasons for the demise of Scott's polar party.
- Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, 3rd Edition, Springer, 2005 ISBN 1-4020-3284-6 - Describes the atmospheric chemistry and physics of the middle atmosphere from 10 km to 100 km altitude.
The ozone hole
Solomon, working with colleagues at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, postulated the mechanism that the Antarctic ozone hole was created by a heterogeneous reaction of ozone and chlorofluorocarbons free radicals on the surface of ice particles in the high altitude clouds that form over Antarctica. In 1986 and 1987 Solomon led the National Ozone Expedition to McMurdo Sound, where the team gathered the evidence to confirm the accelerated reactions.[3] Solomon was the solo leader of the expedition, and the only woman on the team.[9] Her team measured levels of chlorine oxide 100 times higher than expected in the atmosphere, which had been released by the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons by ultraviolet radiation.[8]
Solomon also showed that volcanoes could accelerate the reactions caused by chlorofluorocarbons, and so increase the damage to the ozone layer.[8] Her work formed the basis of the U.N. Montreal Protocol, an international agreement to protect the ozone layer by regulating damaging chemicals.[2]
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Solomon served the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.[3] She was a contributing author for the Third Assessment Report.[10] She was also co-chair of Working Group I for the Fourth Assessment Report.[11]
Awards
- 2015 - Honorary Doctorate (honoris causa) from Brown University.[12]
. 2013- Vetlesen Prize, for work on the ozone hole
- 2012 - BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Climate Change category
- 2010 – Service to America Medal, awarded by the Partnership for Public Service[13]
- 2009 – Volvo Environment Prize, awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences[14]
- 2009 – Inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame[15]
- 2008 – Grande Médaille (Great Medal) of the French Academy of Sciences[16]
- 2007 – William Bowie Medal, awarded by the American Geophysical Union
- 2006 – Inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame[17]
- 2004 – Blue Planet Prize, awarded by the Asahi Glass Foundation[18]
- 2000 – Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, awarded by the American Meteorological Society[19]
- 1999 – National Medal of Science, awarded by the President of the United States[20]
- 1994 – Solomon Glacier (78°23′S 162°30′E / 78.383°S 162.500°E), an Antarctic glacier named in her honor
- 1994 – Solomon Saddle (78°23′S 162°39′E / 78.383°S 162.650°E), a snow saddle at about 1,850 metres (6,070 ft) elevation, named in her honor
- 1991 – Henry G. Houghton Award for research in physical meteorology,[21] awarded by the American Meteorological Society[19]
References
- ^ "Solomon, Susan, 1956-". Library of Congress Authorities. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "Mario Molina and Susan Solomon". Environmental Chemistry. Chemical Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 2013-02-17. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ a b c d "InterViews". National Academy of Sciences. 2004-07-26. Archived from the original on 2013-02-19. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
- ^ "People". Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences website. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
- ^ "Susan Solomon: Pioneering Atmospheric Scientist". Top Tens: History Makers. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007-01-05. Archived from the original on 2013-02-17. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ "The 2008 TIME 100", Time.
- ^ "Science and Security Board". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
- ^ a b c d "Meet Susan Solomon". Faces in the Environment. Chemical Heritage Foundation. 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ Indivero, Victoria M. (Fall 2010). "Changing views on climate". Chemical Heritage Magazine. 28 (3): 13. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
- ^ Houghton, J.T.; et al. (2001). "Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis" (pdf). Third Assessment Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. p. 21. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
- ^ Solomon, Susan; et al. (2007). "Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis" (pdf). Fourth Assessment Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. p. 3. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
- ^ https://news.brown.edu/articles/2015/05/citations#Solomon
- ^ "2010 Career Achievement Medal Recipient". Service to America Medals website. Partnership for Public Service. 2010. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
- ^ "Laureate 2009". Volvo Environment Prize website. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
- ^ "Women of the Hall: Susan Solomon". National Women's Hall of Fame website. National Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
- ^ "Remise de la Grande Médaille par Jules Hoffmann, Président de l'Académie,à Susan Solomon" (pdf). 2008-11-25. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
- ^ "Honorees By Year of Induction". Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
- ^ "Blue Planet Prize: The Laureates". Blue Plant Prize website. Asahi Glass Foundation. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
- ^ a b "AMS Awards and Nomination Information". American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
- ^ "The Laureates - 1999". National Science & Technology Medals website. National Science and Technology Medals Foundation. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
- ^ The Henry G. Houghton Award
External links
- Oral History Interview with Susan Solomon. (1997-09-05). American Meteorological Society Oral History Project. UCAR Archives.
- American chemists
- Women earth scientists
- Earth scientists
- Women chemists
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration personnel
- National Medal of Science laureates
- 1956 births
- Living people
- Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
- University of California, Berkeley alumni
- Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal recipients
- Members of the French Academy of Sciences
- Foreign Members of the Royal Society
- Atmospheric chemists
- 20th-century women scientists
- 21st-century women scientists
- American women scientists
- Women geophysicists
- Geophysicists
- 20th-century American scientists
- 21st-century American scientists