List of political parties in Greece
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Prior to the 2012 elections the characteristic Greek political system was a two-party system. The historically dominant parties have been New Democracy and the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). Under the electoral system a party needs to surpass a 3% threshold in the popular vote in order to enter parliament. The largest party gets a 50-seat bonus (out of 300 seats) ostensibly to ensure elections return viable governing majorities.
Parties represented in the current Parliament and European Parliament
Party | Acronym | Leader | MPs | MEPs | Ideology | Political position |
International affiliation |
European affiliation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Democracy, Νέα Δημοκρατία, Néa Dimokratía |
ND, ΝΔ |
Kyriakos Mitsotakis, president |
157 / 300
|
7 / 21
|
Liberal conservatism[1] Christian democracy[2] Pro-Europeanism[3] |
Centre-right[4] to right-wing[5] | IDU CDI |
EPP | ||
Coalition of the Radical Left, Συνασπισμός Ριζοσπαστικής Αριστεράς, Sinaspismós Rizospastikís Aristerás |
SYRIZA, ΣΥΡΙΖΑ |
Alexis Tsipras, president |
85 / 300
|
6 / 21
|
Democratic socialism[6] Social democracy[7] Secularism[8] Pro-Europeanism[9][10][11] |
Centre-left to left-wing | None | PEL | ||
PASOK-KINAL, Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα- Κίνημα Αλλαγής, Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima - Kínima Allagís |
PASOK-KINAL, ΠΑΣΟΚ – ΚΙΝΑΛ |
Nikos Androulakis, president |
23 / 300
|
2 / 21
|
Social democracy Pro-Europeanism |
Centre to centre-left | SI PA |
PES | ||
Communist Party of Greece, Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas |
KKE | Dimitris Koutsoumpas, general secretary |
15 / 300
|
2 / 21
|
Communism Marxism–Leninism Hard Euroscepticism |
Far-left | IMCWP | INITIATIVE | ||
File:Greek Solution.png | Greek Solution, Ελληνική Λύση, Ellinikí Lýsi |
EL, ΕΛ |
Kyriakos Velopoulos, president |
10 / 300
|
1 / 21 |
Ultranationalism, Social conservatism, Religious conservatism, Right-wing populism |
Right-wing to far-right |
None | ECR | |
European Realistic Disobedience Front25, Μέτωπο Ευρωπαϊκής Ρεαλιστικής Ανυπακοής25, Μétopo Evropaikís Realistikís Anypakoís25 |
MeRA, ΜέΡΑ |
Gianis Varoufakis, general secretary |
7 / 300
|
0 / 21
|
Democratic socialism, Market socialism,[12] Progressivism,[13] Syndicalism,[14] Pro-Europeanism[13][15] |
Left-wing | PI | DiEM25 |
Minor parties
Defunct parties
Parties during the reign of King Otto (1833–1862)
- English Party (Template:Lang-el) (liberal, pro-English) (1824–1863)
- French Party (Template:Lang-el) (liberal, pro-French) (1824–1863)
- Russian Party (Template:Lang-el) (conservative, pro-Russian) (1825–1863)
- Party of Radicals (Template:Lang-el) (radical, pro-union) (1848–1864) in the United States of the Ionian Islands
Parties during the reign of King George I (1863–1913)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) (Liberal) (1910–1961)
- Nationalist Party (Template:Lang-el, K.E.) – Komma Ethnikofronon, KE (conservative, nationalist) (1865–1909)
- Modernist Party (Template:Lang-el, Ν.Κ.) – Neoteristikon Komma, ΝΚ (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1875–1910)
Parties during the reign of King Constantine I - Alexander – George II (1913–1924)
- Freethinkers' Party (Template:Lang-el K.E.) – Komma Eleftherofronon (Nationalist, Royalist) (1922–1936)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- People's Party (Template:Lang-el Λ.Κ.) – Laiko Komma, LK (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
Parties during the Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)
- Agrarian Party (Template:Lang-el, A.K.) – Agrotikon Komma, AK (1926–1956)
- Conservative Democratic Party (Template:Lang-el, Σ.Δ.Κ.) – Syntiritiko Demokratikon Komma, SDK (1932–1936)
- Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el, Δ.E.) – Demokratiki Enosis (Liberal) (1926–?)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΔΣΚ) – Demokratiko Sosialistiko Komma Ellados, DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Farmers' and Workers' Party (Template:Lang-el, Α.Ε.Κ.) – Agrotikon kai Ergatikon Komma/Agrotergatiko Komma, AEK (Rural radical) (1932–1936)
- General People's Radical Union (Template:Lang-el, Γ.Λ.Ρ.Ε) – Geniki Laiki Rizospastiki Enosis, GLRE (1932–1936)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) – Komma Fileleutheron (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- Greek National Socialist Party (Template:Lang-el) – Elliniko Ethniko Sosialistiko Komma (National Socialist) (1932)
- Jewish Political Union (Template:Lang-el) – Evraiki Politiki Enosi (1926–1932)
- Macedonian Union (Template:Lang-el) – Makedoniki Enosi (Conservative) (1935)
- National Radical Party (Template:Lang-el, E.Ρ.K.) – Ethnikon Rizospastikon Komma, ERK (Conservative) (1932–1936)
- National Unionist Party (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Ε.Κ.) – Ethnikon Enotikon Komma, EEK (1935–1950)
- People's Party (Template:Lang-el, Λ.Κ.) – Laiko Komma, LK (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
- Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el, Π.Κ.) – Proodeftikon Komma, PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Refugees' Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el, Φ.Π.Κ.) – Fileleftheron Prosfijikon Komma, FPK (1926–?)
- Socialist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΣΚΕ) – Socialistikó Kómma Elládas, SKE (Socialist, Svolist) (1920–1953)
- Union of Royalists (Template:Lang-el, EB) – Enosis Vasilikon (Monarchist-Conservative) (1935)
Parties during the restoration of King George II (1936–1946)
- Agrarian Party (Template:Lang-el, A.K.) – Agrotikon Komma, AK (1926–1956)
- Conservative Democratic Party (Template:Lang-el, Σ.Δ.Κ.) – Syntiritiko Demokratikon Komma, SDK (1932–1936)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΔΣΚ) – Demokratiko Sosialistiko Komma Ellados, DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el, Δ.E.) – Demokratiki Enosis (Liberal) (1926–?)
- Farmers' and Workers' Party (Template:Lang-el, Α.Ε.Κ.) – Agrotikon kai Ergatikon Komma/Agrotergatiko Komma, AEK (Rural radical) (1932–1936)
- General People's Radical Union (Template:Lang-el, Γ.Λ.Ρ.Ε) – Geniki Laiki Rizospastiki Enosis, GLRE (??) (1932–1936)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) – Komma Fileleutheron (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- National Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, E.Κ.E.) – Ethnikon Komma Ellados, E.K.E. (Monarchist, Conservative) (1946–1967)
- National People's Party (Template:Lang-el, E.Λ.Κ.) – Ethniko Laiko Komma, E.L.K. (1936)
- National Political Union (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Π.Ε.) – Ethniki Politiki Enosis, E.P.E. (Liberal) (1946)
- National Radical Party (Template:Lang-el, E.Ρ.K.) – Ethnikon Rizospastikon Komma, ERK (Conservative) (1932–1936)
- National Unionist Party (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Ε.Κ.)– Ethnikon Enotikon Komma, EEK (1935–1950)
- People's Party (Template:Lang-el, Λ.Κ.) – Laiko Komma, LK (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
- Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el, Π.Κ.) – Proodeftikon Komma, PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Reform Party (Template:Lang-el, M.K.) – Metarrythmistikon Komma, MK (1936)
- Union of Agrarian Parties (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Α.Κ.) – Enosis Agrotikon Kommaton, EAK (Agrarian) (1946)
- Union of the Nationally Minded (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Ε.) – Enosis Ethnikofronon, ΕΕ (Monarchist, Conservative) (1946)
- United Order of Patriot-Thinkers (Template:Lang-el, Η.Π.Ε.) – Inomeni Parataxis Ethnikofronon, I.P.E. (Conservative) (1946)
Parties during the reigns of Kings Paul and Constantine II (1946–1973)
- 4th of August Party (Template:Lang-el) – Kómma 4is Avgoústou, Κ4Α (Nationalist) (1965–1977)
- Center Union (Template:Lang-el) – Enosi Kentrou, E.K. (Liberal) (1961–1967)
- Christian Democracy (Template:Lang-el) – Christianikē Dēmokratia (socialist) (1963)
- Communist Party of Greece (Interior) (Template:Lang-el) – KKE Esoterikou (Eurocommunism) (1968–1986)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΔΣΚ) – Demokratiko Sosialistiko Komma Ellados, DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Greek Rally (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Σ.) – Ellinikos Synagermos, E.S. (Conservative, Royalist) (1951–1956)
- Politically Independent Alignment (Template:Lang-el, Π.Α.Π.) – Politiki Anexartitos Parataxis, PAP (Metaxist) (1950–?)
- Left Liberals (Template:Lang-el, Α.Φ.) – Aristeroi Fileleutheroi, AF (communist) (1950–?)
- Liberal Democratic Center (Template:Lang-el, Φ.Δ.Κ.) – Filelefthero Dimokratiko Kentro, FDK (Liberal) (1965–1966)
- Liberal Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el, Φ.Δ.Ε.) (1956–1957)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- Movement for Democracy and Socialism (Template:Lang-el) – (socialist) (1963)
- National Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, E.Κ.E.) – Ethnikon Komma Ellados, E.K.E. (Monarchist-Conservative) (1946–1967)
- National Progressive Center Union (Template:Lang-el, E.Π.Ε.Κ.) – Ethniki Proodeutiki Enosi Kentrou, EPEK (1952)
- National Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el, Δ.Π.Κ.) – Dimokratiko Proodeutiko Komma, DPK (1950–?)
- National Radical Union (Template:Lang-el, E.Ρ.E.) – Ethniki Rizospastiki Enosis, E.R.E. (Conservative, Royalist) (1955–1967)
- New Party (Template:Lang-el, N.K.) – Neo Komma, NK (conservative) (1947–1951)
- Pandemocratic Agrarian Front (Template:Lang-el) – Pandimokratikon Agrotikon Metopon (Socialist) (1961)
- Party of Christian Democracy (1956)
- Party of I. Sofianopoulos (Template:Lang-el) – Komma tou I. Sofianopoulou (communist) (1950–?)
- Party of Progressive Liberals (Template:Lang-el) – Komma ton Prodethikon Fileleutheron (liberal) (1950–?)
- People's Social Party (Template:Lang-el, Λ.Κ.Κ.) – Laikon Koinonikon Komma, LKK (1955)
- Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el, Π.Κ.) – Proodeftikon Komma, PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Progressive Rural Democratic Union (1958)
- Rally of Farmers and Workers (Parataxis Agroton kai Ergazomenon) – ?? (Agrarian) (1951–1952)
- Socialist Party-Democratic Popular Union (Template:Lang-el, Σ.Κ.-Ε.Λ.Δ.) – Sosialistiko Komma-Enosi Laikis Dimokratias, SK-ELD (Socialist) (1950–1952)
- Union of the People's Party (1958)
- United Democratic Left (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Δ.Α. – Eniaia Dimokratiki Aristera, EDA (Communist) (1951–1977)
Parties during the Third Hellenic Republic (1974–present)
- Center Union - New Forces (Template:Lang-el) – Enosi Kentrou-Nees Dynameis (Social Democratic, Liberal) (1974–1977)
- Democratic Alignment (Template:Lang-el, Δ.Π.) – Dimokratiki Parataxi, DP (1977)
- Democratic Alliance (Template:Lang-el, Δ.Σ.) – Dimokratiki Symmahia, DS (Centrist, Neoliberal) (2010–2012)
- Democratic Left (Template:Lang-el, Δ.Α.) – Dimokratiki Aristera, DA (Social Democratic, Democratic Socialist) (2010–2022)
- Democratic Renewal (Template:Lang-el, DH.ANA) – Dimokratiki Ananeosi, DIANA (Conservative) (1985–1994)
- Democratic Revival (Template:Lang-el, Δ.Α.) – Dimokratiki Anagenissi, DA (National Conservative, Christian Socialist) (2004, 2007–?)
- Democrat Socialists' Movement (Template:Lang-el) – Kinima Demokraton Sostialiston (2015–?)
- Drassi (Template:Lang-el) (Liberalism, Classical liberalism, Postnationalism, Decentralization, Economic liberalism) (2009–2019)
- Drachmi Greek Democratic Movement Five Stars (Patriotic Socialism, eurosceptic) (2013–?)
- Ecologists of Greece (Template:Lang-el, Ο.Ε.) – Oikologoi Elladas, OE (Green conservative, Right-wing populist) (1988–?)
- Greek Left (Template:Lang-el) (Eurocommunism, Radicalism, (Democratic Socialist) (1987–1992)
- Hellenic Front (Template:Lang-el) – Elliniko Metopo (Nationalist, Rightist) (1994–2004)
- Hellenic Women's Political Party (Template:Lang-el) – Komma Ellinidon Ginaikon (Feminist) (?–?)
- Liberal Democratic Union-Socialist Party (Template:Lang-el, Φ.Δ.Ε.-Σ.Κ.) (1974)
- Liberal Party (Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων) (1980–2012)
- The Liberals (Template:Lang-el) – Oi Fileleftheroi (Liberal) (1999–2004)
- Movement of Free Citizens (Template:Lang-el, Κ.Ε.Π.) – Kinima Eleftheron Politon, K.E.P. (Liberal, Liberal Conservative) (2001–2002)
- Movement for a United Communist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΚΚΕ) (Communist) (1993–1996)
- National Alignment (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Π.)- Ethniki Parataxis, E.P. (Nationalist, Royalist) (1977)
- National Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el) – Ethniki Dimokratiki Enosis (Rightist) (1974)
- National Political Union (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Π.ΕΝ.) – Ethniki Politiki Enosis, E.P.EN. (Rightist, Nationalist) (1984–1996)
- Organisation of Communists Marxists-Leninists of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΟΚΜΛΕ) (Communist, Maoist) (1982–1993)
- Panathinaikos Movement (Template:Lang-el ΠΑΝ.ΚΙ)(2012–)
- Panhellenic Macedonian Front (Template:Lang-el) (2009–?)
- Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Greek: Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα) – Panellínio Sosialistikó Kínima (Social Democratic, Centre-left) (1974-2022)
- Party of Democratic Socialism (Template:Lang-el, ΚΟΔΗΣΟ) – Komma tou Dimokratikou Sosialismou, KODISO (social democratic, democratic socialist) (1981–?)
- Party of Hellenism (Template:Lang-el) – Komma Ellinismou (Nationalist, Populist) (1984–2004)
- Party of New Liberals (Template:Lang-el, K.N.) – Komma ton Neofileftheron, KN (Liberal, Liberal Conservative) (1977–1978)
- Patriotic Alliance (Greek: Πατριωτική Συμμαχία) – Patriotiki Symmachia, PATRI.S. (Nationalist, Far Right) (2004–2007)
- Peoples Democratic Unity – LDE (1977)
- Political Spring (Template:Lang-el) – POL.AN (Conservative, Nationalist) (1993–2004)
- Popular Union of Bipartisan Social Groups (Template:Lang-el) – LEFKO (Populist) (1989–?)
- Progress and Left Forces Alliance (Template:Lang-el) (Democratic socialism, Christian socialism, Eurocommunism, Radicalism) (1977–1981)
- Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el, Π.Κ.) – Proodeftikon Komma, PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Front Line (Template:Lang-el) – Proti Grammi (Nationalist) (1999–?)
- Radical Left Front (Template:Lang-el) – ME.R.A. (Radical Left) (1999–2009)
- Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance (Template:Lang-el) – RIKSSY (Social democracy) (2012–2013)
- Rainbow (Template:Lang-el, Slavic Macedonian: Виножито Vinožito)
- Reformers for Democracy and Development (Μεταρρυθμιστές της Αριστεράς για τη Δημοκρατία και την Ανάπτυξη) (2014–2019)
- Republican Union (Template:Lang-el, Δ.Ε.) – Dimokratiki Enosis, DE
- Revolutionary Communist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el) – Epanastatiko Koumounistiko Komma Ellados, EKKE (Communist) (1974)
- United Democratic Left (Template:Lang-el) – Eniaia Dimokratiki Aristera (Democratic socialism, Communism, Pacifism) (1951–1977)
- United Left (Template:Lang-el) (Communism, Democratic socialism, Eurocommunism) (1974–1977)
- United Nationalist Movement (Template:Lang-el, ΕΝ.Ε.Κ.) – Eniaio Ethnikistiko Kinima, ENEK (Extreme Right, Nationalist) (1979–1989)
- United Socialist Alignment of Greece (Template:Lang-el, Ε.Σ.Π.Ε.) – Eniaia Sosialistiki Parataxi Elladas (Socialist) (1984–1989)
- Golden Dawn (Template:Lang-el) – Laïkós Sýndesmos – Chrysí Avgí (Ultranationalism) (1993–2020, banned)
See also
Further reading
- Lyrintzis, Christos (March 2005). "The Changing Party System: Stable Democracy, Contested 'Modernisation'". West European Politics. 28 (2): 242–259. doi:10.1080/01402380500058845. S2CID 154731903.
- Pappas, Takis S. (April 2003). "The transformation of the Greek party system since 1951". West European Politics. 26 (2): 90–114. doi:10.1080/01402380512331341121. S2CID 153514846.
- Here Are The Parties That Really Matter In Greece's Upcoming Election via Bloomberg Politics. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
References
- ^ José M. Magone (2003). The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration Into the European Union. Praeger. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-275-97787-0.
- ^ Norman Schofield; Gonzalo Caballero (11 June 2011). Political Economy of Institutions, Democracy and Voting. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 320. ISBN 978-3-642-19519-8.
- ^ Kalaitzidis, Akis (2009), Europe's Greece: A Giant in the Making, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 29
- ^ Robert Thomson (2011). Resolving Controversy in the European Union: Legislative Decision-Making before and after Enlargement. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-139-50517-8.
- ^ Souli, Sarah. "For Migrants and Refugees, Greece Has Become Hostile Territory". www.worldpoliticsreview.com. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Greece". Parties and Elections in Europe.
- ^ John Milios (December 2016). "SYRIZA: From 'Subversion' to Centre-Left Pragmatism" (PDF). National Technical University of Athens.
- ^ "Tsipras and the Atheists: The Role of Secularism in Greece's Financial Crisis". The Humanist. 14 July 2015.
- ^ "Party Encyclopedia & Polling Averages:Greece". Europe Elects.
- ^ Sarantis Michalopoulos (10 April 2017). "Syriza: Europeanism without federalism is "meaningless"". EURACTIV.
- ^ Filippa Chatzistavrou (17 May 2019). "THE 2019 EP ELECTION FROM A GREEK PERSPECTIVE". Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
- ^ Yanis Varoufakis: From an Economics without Capitalism to Markets without Capitalism | DiEM25, retrieved 2021-10-16
- ^ a b Manifesto of MeRA25, "Εμείς δεν μένουμε Ευρώπη, είμαστε η Προοδευτική Ευρώπη!" ("We don't stay Europe, we are a Progressive Europe!")
- ^ "Ασφάλιση εργαζομένων, Συνδικαλισμός" [Worker Insurance, Syndicalism]. Οι Θέσεις του ΜέΡΑ25 [The Policies of MeRA25] (PDF). 2021. pp. 63–64.
- ^ Manifesto of MeRA25, "Όμως, μετά τη δημιουργία της ευρωζώνης, το κόστος εξόδου είναι μεγάλο τόσο για τη χώρα που εξέρχεται όσο και για την υπόλοιπη Ευρώπη" ("But, after the creation of the Eurozone, the cost of exiting is high both for the country that is leaving as well as for the rest of Europe")
- ^ a b "Introducing Popular Unity". Jacobin Magazine. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- ^ "Lafazanis: Greek rebel with a eurosceptic cause". EUBusiness. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- ^ "2012 Greek (2nd) Parliamentary Post-Election Report". 19 June 2012.
- ^ "Θάνος Τζήμερος: Ένας γνήσιος εκφραστής του νεοφιλελευθερισμού".
- ^ "Η δεξιά του νεοφιλελευθερισμού".