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In 2014, WhatsApp has released an update to its Android app, adding support for [[Android Wear]] smartwatches.<ref>[http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2358851/whatsapp-update-adds-support-for-android-wear-smartwatches/Whatsapp update adds support for Android Wear smartwatches]</ref>
In 2014, WhatsApp has released an update to its Android app, adding support for [[Android Wear]] smartwatches.<ref>[http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2358851/whatsapp-update-adds-support-for-android-wear-smartwatches/Whatsapp update adds support for Android Wear smartwatches]</ref>


On January 21 2015, WhatsApp launched a web client<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://blog.whatsapp.com/614/WhatsApp-Web|title = WhatsApp Web|date = Jan 21 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> which can be used from Google's Chrome browser to send messages.
On January 21 2015, WhatsApp launched a web client<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://blog.whatsapp.com/614/WhatsApp-Web|title = WhatsApp Web|date = January 21, 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> which can be used from Google's Chrome browser to send messages.

== Web client ==
WhatsApp launched Web-based client, with messaging and file transfer capabilities, it is accessible from Google Chrome Browser. In order to use Web-based client it is required to first scan a QR code using the phone app. To use WhatsApp on Desktop it is required to keep mobile connected with internet. Web-based client can be used on Android, Windows Phone, Blackberry and Nokia S60, it is not available on iPhone or iOS due to Apple's limitation.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.appsforpcmero.com/whatsapp-for-web-desktop-official-windows-7-8-mac|title = WhatsApp Web Client is accessible from Google Chrome | publisher = Apps for PC Mero | author = Shweta | accessdate = January 21, 2015}}</ref>


== Technical ==
== Technical ==

Revision as of 19:56, 22 January 2015

WhatsApp
Developer(s)WhatsApp Inc. (owned by Facebook, Inc.)
Initial release2009 (2009)
Stable release
iOS24.19.80[1] Edit this on Wikidata / September 26, 2024; 39 days ago (September 26, 2024)
Android2.24.20.89[2] Edit this on Wikidata / October 9, 2024; 26 days ago (October 9, 2024)
Windows2.2429.10.0[3] Edit this on Wikidata / July 29, 2024; 3 months ago (July 29, 2024)
macOS24.16.78[4] Edit this on Wikidata / August 13, 2024; 2 months ago (August 13, 2024)
Preview release
Android (Beta)2.24.17.25[5] Edit this on Wikidata / August 16, 2024; 2 months ago (August 16, 2024)
Written inErlang[6]
Operating system
Available inMultilingual
TypeInstant messaging
LicenseProprietary
Websitewww.whatsapp.com
WhatsApp Inc.
Founded2009 (2009)
HeadquartersMountain View, California, US
Founder(s)
CEOJan Koum
Employees55
ParentFacebook Inc.
URLwww.whatsapp.com

WhatsApp Messenger is an instant messaging app for smartphones that operates under a subscription business model. The proprietary, cross-platform app enables users of select feature phones to use the Internet to transmit communication. In addition to text messaging, WhatsApp can be used to send images, video, and audio media messages. Locations can also be shared through the use of integrated mapping features.

WhatsApp Inc. was founded in 2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum, both former employees of Yahoo!.[7][8] The company is based in Mountain View, California and employs 55 people.[9] It is in the process of takeover after Facebook announced its acquisition of WhatsApp Inc. on February 19, 2014, for US$19 billion.[9][10]

In October 2014, WhatsApp was the most globally popular messaging app with more than 600 million active users,[11] with India alone boasting a user base of more than 70 million[12], followed by China's WeChat (468 million active users[13]), Viber (209 million active users [14]), and Japan's LINE (170 million active users[15]). In January of 2015 it reported surpassing 700 million users.[16]

History

After Koum and Acton left Yahoo! in September 2007, the duo travelled to South America to relieve themselves from work.[17] At one point they applied for a job at Facebook but failed.[17] For the rest of the following years Koum relied on his $400,000 savings from Yahoo. In January 2009, after purchasing an iPhone and realizing that the seven-month old App Store was about to spawn a whole new industry of apps, he started visiting his friend, Alex Fishman in West San Jose where the three would discuss about the ideas of "...having statuses next to individual names of the people," but this was not possible without an iPhone developer, so Fishman introduced Koum to Igor Solomennikov, a developer in Russia that he’d found on RentACoder.com. Koum almost immediately chose the name "WhatsApp" because it sounded like "what’s up," and a week later on his birthday, on February 24, 2009, he incorporated WhatsApp Inc. in California. However, early WhatsApp kept crashing or getting stuck and at a particular point Koum felt like giving up and start looking for a new job to which Acton would encourage him to wait for a "few more months."[17]

In June 2009, Apple launched push notifications, letting developers ping users when they were not using an app. Koum updated WhatsApp so that each time the user changed their statuses, it would ping everyone in the user's network.[17] WhatsApp 2.0 was released with a messaging component and the active users suddenly swelled to 250,000. Koum visited Brian Acton, who was still unemployed while managing the unsuccessful startup and decided to join the company.[17] In October Acton persuaded five ex-Yahoo friends to invest $250,000 in seed funding, and as a result was granted co-founder status and a stake. He officially joined on November 1.[17] After months at beta stage, the application eventually launched in November 2009 exclusively on the App Store for the iPhone. Koum then hired an old friend who lived in Los Angeles, Chris Peiffer, to make the BlackBerry version, which arrived two months later.[17]

WhatsApp was switched from a free to paid service to avoid growing too fast, mainly because the primary cost was sending verification texts to users. In December 2009 WhatsApp for the iPhone was updated to send photos. By early 2011, WhatsApp was in the top 20 of all apps in the U.S. App Store.[17]

The founders agreed to take $7 million from Sequoia Capital on top of their $250,000 seed funding, after months of negotiation with Sequoia partner Jim Goetz.[17]

By February 2013, WhatsApp's user base had swelled to about 200 million active users and its staff to 50. Sequoia invested another $50 million, valuing WhatsApp at $1.5 billion.[17]

In a December 2013 blog post, WhatsApp claimed that 400 million active users use the service each month.[18] As of 22 April 2014, WhatsApp had over 500 million monthly active users, 700 million photos and 100 million videos are shared each day, and the messaging system handles more than 10 billion messages each day.[19] On August 24, 2014, Jan Koum announced on his Twitter account that Whatsapp had over 600 million active users worldwide. WhatsApp added about 25 million new users every month or 833,000 active users per day.[11][20] With 65 million active users, accounting roughly about 10% of the total worldwide users, India is the largest single country in terms of number of users.[21]

By early January 2015, WhatsApp reached a new milestone of 700 million monthly active users with over 30 billion messages being sent every day.[22]

Platform support

After months at beta stage, the application eventually launched in November 2009 exclusively on the App Store for the iPhone. In January 2010, support for BlackBerry smartphones was added, and subsequently Symbian in May 2010 and Android in August 2010. In August 2011 a beta for some Nokia Series 40 was added, being the first non-smartphone OS with official WhatsApp support. A month later support for Windows Phone was added, and then BlackBerry 10 in March 2013.[23]

The oldest device currently capable of running WhatsApp officially is the Symbian-based Nokia N95 released in March 2007.

In 2014, WhatsApp has released an update to its Android app, adding support for Android Wear smartwatches.[24]

On January 21 2015, WhatsApp launched a web client[25] which can be used from Google's Chrome browser to send messages.

Web client

WhatsApp launched Web-based client, with messaging and file transfer capabilities, it is accessible from Google Chrome Browser. In order to use Web-based client it is required to first scan a QR code using the phone app. To use WhatsApp on Desktop it is required to keep mobile connected with internet. Web-based client can be used on Android, Windows Phone, Blackberry and Nokia S60, it is not available on iPhone or iOS due to Apple's limitation.[26]

Technical

WhatsApp uses a customized version of the open standard Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP).[27] Upon installation, it creates a user account using one's phone number as the username (Jabber ID: [phone number]@s.whatsapp.net).

WhatsApp software automatically compares all the phone numbers from the device's address book with its central database of WhatsApp users to automatically add contacts to the user's WhatsApp contact list. Previously the Android and S40 versions used an MD5-hashed, reversed-version of the phone's IMEI as password,[28] while the iOS version used the phone's Wi-Fi MAC address instead of IMEI.[29][30] A 2012 update now generates a random password on the server side.[31]

WhatsApp is supported on most Android, BlackBerry, iPhone, and Nokia smartphones. All Android phones running the Android 2.1 and above, all BlackBerry devices running OS 4.7 and later, including BlackBerry 10, and all iPhones running iOS 4.3 and later. However, some Dual SIM devices may not be compatible with WhatsApp, though there are some workarounds for this.[32]

Multimedia messages are sent by uploading the image, audio or video to be sent to an HTTP server and then sending a link to the content along with its Base64 encoded thumbnail (if applicable).[33]

Security

In May 2011, a security hole was reported which left WhatsApp user accounts open for session hijacking and packet analysis.[34] WhatsApp communications were not encrypted, and data was sent and received in plaintext, meaning messages could easily be read if packet traces were available.[35] In September 2011, WhatsApp released a new version of the Messenger application for iPhones, closing critical security holes that allowed forged messages to be sent and messages from any WhatsApp user to be read.[36]

On January 6, 2012, an unknown hacker published a website (WhatsAppStatus.net) that made it possible to change the status of an arbitrary WhatsApp user, as long as the phone number was known. To make it work, it only required a restart of the app. According to the hacker, it is only one of the many security problems in WhatsApp. On January 9, WhatsApp reported that it had resolved the problem, although the only measure actually taken was to block the website's IP address. As a reaction, a Windows tool was made available for download providing the same functionality. This problem has since been resolved in the form of an IP address check on currently logged-in sessions.[37][38]

On January 13, 2012, WhatsApp was removed from the iOS App Store, and the reason was not disclosed; however, the app was added back to the App Store four days later. WhatsApp was removed from Windows Phone store because of some technical problems, The app was added back to the Store on May 30, 2014.[39]

In May 2012, security researchers noticed that new updates of WhatsApp no longer sent messages as plaintext,[40][41][42] but the cryptographic method implemented was subsequently described as "broken".[43][44] As of August 15, 2012, the WhatsApp support staff claim messages are encrypted in the "latest version" of the WhatsApp software for iOS and Android (but not BlackBerry, Windows Phone, and Symbian), without specifying the implemented cryptographic method.[45]

German Tech site The H demonstrated how to use WhatsAPI to hijack any WhatsApp account on September 14, 2012.[46] Shortly after, a legal threat to WhatsAPI's developers was alleged, characterized by The H as "an apparent reaction" to security reports, and WhatsAPI's source code was taken down for some days.[47] The WhatsAPI team has since returned to active development.[48]

On November 4, 2014, WhatsApp scored 2 out of 7 points on the Electronic Frontier Foundation's secure messaging scorecard. It lost points because communications are not encrypted with a key the provider doesn't have access to, users can't verify contacts' identities, past messages are not secure if the encryption keys are stolen, the code is not open to independent review, and the security design is not properly documented.[49][50]

On November 18, 2014, Open Whisper Systems announced a partnership with WhatsApp to provide end-to-end encryption by incorporating the TextSecure protocol into each WhatsApp client platform.[51] Open Whisper Systems asserted that they have already incorporated the protocol into the latest WhatsApp client for Android.[52] WhatsApp confirmed the partnership to reporters, but there was no announcement or documentation about the encryption feature on the official website, and further requests for comment were declined.[53]

Privacy

A major privacy and security problem has been the subject of a joint Canadian-Dutch government investigation. The primary concern was that WhatsApp required users to upload their mobile phone's entire address book to WhatsApp servers so that WhatsApp could discover who, among the users' contacts, is available via WhatsApp. While this is a fast and convenient way to quickly find and connect the user with contacts who are also using WhatsApp, it means that their address book was then mirrored on the WhatsApp servers, including contact information for contacts who are not using WhatsApp. This information was stored in hashed, though not salted form and without "additional" identifying information such as a name, although the stored identifying information is sufficient to identify every contact.[54][55][56][57]

On March 31, 2013 the Saudi Arabian Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC) issued a statement regarding possible measures against WhatsApp, among other applications, unless the service providers took serious steps to comply with monitoring and privacy regulations.[58]

A user does not need to send a friend request to send messages to another user. However, users can't block numbers on WhatsApp.[citation needed]

In November, Whatsapp introduced a new feature known as Read Receipts which alerts senders when their messages are read by recipients. Within a week, Whatsapp introduced an update allowing users to disable this feature.[59]

The public authority for data privacy of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein has advised against using WhatsApp, as the service lacks privacy protection such as end-to-end client side encryption technology.[60]

Criticism of business model

In response to the Facebook acquisition, Slate columnist Matthew Yglesias questioned whether the company's business model was viable in the United States in the long term. It had prospered by exploiting a "loophole" in mobile phone carriers' pricing. "Mobile phone operators aren't really selling consumers some voice service, some data service, and some SMS service", he explained. "They are selling access to the network. The different pricing schemes they come up with are just different ways of trying to maximize the value they extract from consumers."[61] As part of that, they sold SMS separately. That made it easy for WhatsApp to find a way to replicate SMS using data, and then sell that to mobile customers for $1 a year. "But if WhatsApp gets big enough, then carrier strategy is going to change", he predicted. "You stop selling separate SMS plans and just have a take-it-or-leave-it overall package. And then suddenly WhatsApp isn't doing anything."[61] However, the WhatsApp service would still provide value, if domestic texts were free, as users can still send free international texts, and Whatsapp also allows users to send their locations, audio/video files, and contacts.

In many markets outside the United States, WhatsApp is much more viable due to the existence of daily SMS fees or per-SMS fees, which make texting much more costly.

Acquisition by Facebook

On February 19, 2014, months after a venture capital financing round at a $1.5 billion valuation,[62] Facebook announced it was acquiring WhatsApp for US$19 billion, its largest acquisition to date.[10] Facebook, who was advised by Allen & Co, paid $4 billion in cash, $12 billion in Facebook shares, and an additional $3 billion in restricted stock units granted to WhatsApp's founders (advised by Morgan Stanley), Jan Koum, Brian Acton.[63] Employee stock was scheduled to vest over four years subsequent to closing.[10] The transaction was the largest purchase of a company backed by venture capitalists to date.[9] Days after the announcement, WhatsApp users experienced a loss of service, leading to anger across social media.[64][65]

The acquisition caused a considerable number of users to move, or try out other message services as well. Telegram claimed to have seen 8 million additional downloads of its app.[66] Line claimed to have seen 2 million new users for its service.[67] Also many other messenger apps & services saw a growth of users such as TextSecure, Blackberry Messenger and Viber.

At a keynote presentation at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona in February 2014, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said that Facebook's acquisition of WhatsApp was closely related to the Internet.org vision.[68][69] According to a TechCrunch article, Zuckerberg's vision for Internet.org was as follows: "The idea, he said, is to develop a group of basic internet services that would be free of charge to use – 'a 911 for the internet.' These could be a social networking service like Facebook, a messaging service, maybe search and other things like weather. Providing a bundle of these free of charge to users will work like a gateway drug of sorts – users who may be able to afford data services and phones these days just don’t see the point of why they would pay for those data services. This would give them some context for why they are important, and that will lead them to paying for more services like this – or so the hope goes."[68]

On May 9, 2014, the government of Iran announced that it had proposed to block the access to WhatsApp service to Iranian residents. "The reason for this is the assumption of WhatsApp by the Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, who is an American Zionist," said Abdolsamad Khorramabadi, head of the country's Committee on Internet Crimes. Subsequently Iranian president Hassan Rouhani issued an order to the Ministry of ICT to stop filtering WhatsApp.[70][71]

Just three days after announcing that WhatsApp had been purchased by Facebook, Koum said they were working to introduce voice calls in the coming months. He also advanced that new mobile phones would be sold in Germany with the WhatsApp brand, as their main goal was to be in all smartphones.[72]

Competition and share

Competing with a number of Asian-based messaging services (like WeChat, LINE, and Viber), WhatsApp handled ten billion messages per day in August 2012,[73] growing from two billion in April 2012,[74] and one billion the previous October.[75] On June 13, 2013, WhatsApp announced that they had reached their new daily record by processing 27 billion messages.[76] According to the Financial Times, WhatsApp "has done to SMS on mobile phones what Skype did to international calling on landlines."[77]

In April 2014, WhatsApp crossed half-a-billion user mark.[78]

As of May 2014, Whatsapp had crossed 50 million monthly active users in India, which is also its largest country by the number of monthly active users.[79]

As of October 2014, Whatsapp has crossed 70 million monthly active users in India, which is 10% of its total user base (700 MM).[80]

See also

References

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Other references

Wikimedia Commons has media related to WhatsApp Messenger.


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WhatsApp&oldid=643711200"