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Urban areas are confined to a single nation, unless there is freedom of movement (including labor) between the adjacent nations. Currently, this condition is met only between some continental nations of the [[European Union]] (''e.g.'' [[Lille]]–[[Kortrijk]] in both France and [[Belgium]]).
Urban areas are confined to a single nation, unless there is freedom of movement (including labor) between the adjacent nations. Currently, this condition is met only between some continental nations of the [[European Union]] (''e.g.'' [[Lille]]–[[Kortrijk]] in both France and [[Belgium]]).


== Urban Areas Ranked by 2008 Projected Populaton==
== Urban Areas Ranked by 2008 Projected Population==
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{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Rank
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Revision as of 23:54, 1 July 2008

This is a list of contiguous urban areas of the world ordered according to population as of 2008. The figures here have been compiled by Demographia.[1]

Definitions and Issues

Demographia defines an urban area (urbanized area agglomeration or urban centre) as a continuously built up landmass of urban development containing a high population density, without regard for administrative boundaries (i.e. municipality, city or commune) or a labor maket (i.e. metropolitan area). Except in Australia, the authorities use a minimum urban density definition of 400 persons per square kilometer (or the nearly identical 1,000 per square mile in the United States). Demographia uses maps, satellite photographs to estimate continuous urbanization. Demographia also uses small area population data, where available, to match population estimates to urbanized land area. National census authority data is presented in Australia, Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Census of India urban agglomerations are not used because the geographical size of constituent units (municipalities) often includes large rural (non-urban) areas. Sources for population estimates and land area definitions are coded by "A", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G" or "H"; and "A", "B" or "H" in the Table below, respectively.

A: National census authority data.
B: Demographia land area estimate based upon map or satellite photograph analysis.
C: Demographia population "build up" from third, fourth or fifth order jurisdictions (NUTS-3, NUTS-4, NUTS-5 or equivalent).
D: Population estimate based upon United Nations agglomeration estimate.
E: Demographia population estimate from national census authority agglomeration data.
F: Other Demographia population estimate.
G: Estimate based upon projected growth rate from last census.
H: Combination of adjacent national census authority agglomerations.

The most reliable population estimates are "A" and "H." Population estimates "C" are generally reliable. Population estimates "D" and "E" are less reliable. Population estimates coded "F" and "G" are the least reliable.

The estimates are quite different from the list of World's largest urban agglomerations produced by the United Nations that reports inconsistently on urban geographic, despite its reference to agglomerations. This is evident, for example, in Manila, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Seoul and Moscow, where the UN data are for political jurisdictions, rather than urban areas. In other cases, metropolitan area data are shown, such as in Brazil.

Urban areas are confined to a single nation, unless there is freedom of movement (including labor) between the adjacent nations. Currently, this condition is met only between some continental nations of the European Union (e.g. Lille–Kortrijk in both France and Belgium).

Urban Areas Ranked by 2008 Projected Population

Rank City Country Population Area (km²) Pop. Growth

Rate (%/yr)

Sources of

Pop. / Area

1 Tokyo–Yokohama[2]  Japan 34,400,000 7,835 0.15 C / B
2 New York City[3]  United States 20,280,000 11,264 0.35 H / H
3 Seoul–Incheon[4]  South Korea 20,010,000 1,943 0.43 C / B
4 Jakarta[5]  Indonesia 19,880,000 2,849 2.98 E / B
5 Mumbai (Bombay)[6]  India 19,360,000 777 1.87 C / B
6 São Paulo[7]  Brazil 19,140,000 2,590 0.78 C / B
7 Mexico City[8]  Mexico 18,430,000 2,137 0.60 C / B
8 Delhi[9]  India 17,640,000 1,425 2.10 C / B
9 Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto[10]  Japan 17,270,000 2,720 0.04 C / B
10 Manila[11]  Philippines 17,080,000 1,347 1.68 C / B
11 Cairo[12]  Egypt 16,240,000 1,554 1.53 D / B
12 Los Angeles[13]  United States 15,120,000 5,812 1.12 H / H
13 Kolkata (Calcutta)  India 15,010,000 984 1.84 A / B
14 Shanghai  People's Republic of China 14,250,000 2,396 1.17 C / B
15 Moscow[14]  Russia 14,150,000 3,497 0.36 C / B
16 Beijing (Peking)  People's Republic of China 12,410,000 2,616 1.23 C / B
17 Buenos Aires[15]  Argentina 12,390,000 2,590 0.46 A / B
18 Guangzhou (Canton)–Foshan[16]  People's Republic of China 11,710,000 1,878 1.37 E / B
19 Shenzhen[16]  People's Republic of China 11,460,000 1,295 1.38 F / B
20 Rio de Janeiro  Brazil 11,160,000 1,580 0.79 C / B
21 Istanbul  Turkey 10,970,000 1,256 1.11 E / B
22 Paris  France 10,660,000 3,043 0.83 E / B
23 Karachi[17]  Pakistan 9,380,000 881 2.54 G / B
24 Nagoya  Japan 9,250,000 3,302 0.27 C / B
25 Chicago[18]  United States 9,090,000 5,952 0.62 H / H
26 Lagos[19]  Nigeria 8,860,000 971 2.99 C / B
27 London[20]  United Kingdom 8,320,000 1,623 0.07 A / A
28 Bangkok  Thailand 8,290,000 1,554 1.19 C / B
29 Tehran[21]  Iran 7,630,000 686 1.27 E / B
30 Kinshasa[22]  Democratic Republic of the Congo 7,600,000 622 4.38 C / B
31 Dongguan[16]  People's Republic of China 7,570,000 1,295 1.43 F / B
32 Lima  Peru 7,490,000 622 1.08 C / B
33 Bogotá  Colombia 7,440,000 389 1.34 E / B
34 Chennai (Madras)  India 7,360,000 414 1.95 A / B
35 Dhaka[23]  Bangladesh 7,310,000 311 2.86 C / B
36 Essen–Düsseldorf (Rhine-Ruhr)[24]  Germany 7,250,000 2,642 0.01 C / B
37 Hong Kong[16] Template:HKG-PRC 6,970,000 220 0.92 E / B
38 Lahore  Pakistan 6,810,000 583 2.63 G / B
39 Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)  Vietnam 6,710,000 699 2.40 E / B
40 Bangalore  India 6,580,000 648 2.06 A / B
40 Hyderabad  India 6,580,000 790 2.00 C / B
42 Taipei[25]  Republic of China (Taiwan) 6,570,000 440 0.28 D / B
43 Johannesburg–East Rand[26]  South Africa 6,470,000 2,396 1.08 C / B
44 Baghdad  Iraq 6,160,000 596 2.31 D / B
45 Toronto–Hamilton[27]  Canada 5,860,000 2,279 1.67 H / H
46 Santiago  Chile 5,780,000 790 1.17 C / B
47 San Francisco–San Jose[28]  United States 5,450,000 2,497 0.31 H / H
48 Dallas–Fort Worth[29]  United States 5,380,000 3,959 2.42 H / H
49 Miami  United States 5,350,000 2,891 1.06 A / A
50 Philadelphia[3]  United States 5,290,000 4,661 0.34 A / A
51 Tianjin (Tientsin)[30]  People's Republic of China 5,180,000 453 1.09 C / B
52 Kuala Lumpur[31]  Malaysia 5,140,000 1,748 2.64 E / B
53 Wuhan  People's Republic of China 5,090,000 583 1.01 E / B
54 Ahmedabad  India 5,020,000 202 2.08 A / B
55 Riyadh  Saudi Arabia 5,000,000 1,101 2.82 E / B
56 Madrid  Spain 4,990,000 945 0.27 C / B
57 Boston[32]  United States 4,760,000 5,501 0.26 H / H
57 Houston[33]  United States 4,760,000 3,463 2.48 H / H
59 Pune  India 4,720,000 220 3.32 A / B
60 Belo Horizonte  Brazil 4,640,000 1,166 1.21 C / B
61 Saint Petersburg (Leningrad)[34]  Russia 4,570,000 1,191 −0.13 D / B
62 Shenyang[35]  People's Republic of China 4,520,000 777 1.07 E / B
63 Khartoum  Sudan 4,480,000 583 2.31 D / B
64 Atlanta  United States 4,440,000 5,083 3.03 A / A
65 Washington, D.C.[36]  United States 4,410,000 2,996 1.43 A / A
66 Yangon (Rangoon)  Myanmar 4,320,000 350 2.57 D / B
67 Singapore[37]  Singapore 4,280,000 479 0.85 D / B
68 Milan[38]  Italy 4,150,000 2,370 −0.16 C / B
69 Nanjing (Nanking)  People's Republic of China 4,100,000 686 1.11 E / B
70 Guadalajara  Mexico 4,070,000 712 1.00 E / B
71 Barcelona  Spain 3,930,000 803 0.12 C / B
72 Surat  India 3,910,000 109 4.81 A / B
72 Detroit[39]  United States 3,910,000 3,267 0.03 A / A
74 Phoenix–Mesa  United States 3,840,000 2,069 3.53 A / A
75 Chengdu (Chengtu)  People's Republic of China 3,810,000 350 1.08 E / B
76 Bandung  Indonesia 3,780,000 401 2.91 E / B
76 Busan  South Korea 3,780,000 259 0.60 E / B
78 Athens  Greece 3,760,000 684 0.29 C / B
79 Alexandria  Egypt 3,740,000 293 1.69 D / B
80 Abidjan  Ivory Coast 3,710,000 298 2.39 D / B
81 Berlin  Germany 3,680,000 984 0.00 C / B
81 Sydney[40]  Australia 3,680,000 1,788 0.60 C / B
83 Monterrey  Mexico 3,650,000 712 1.20 C / B
84 Ankara  Turkey 3,580,000 583 1.81 E / B
85 Recife  Brazil 3,510,000 414 1.26 C / B
86 Algiers  Algeria 3,490,000 453 2.60 E / B
87 Porto Alegre  Brazil 3,440,000 777 1.14 C / B
88 Melbourne[41]  Australia 3,420,000 2,152 0.70 C / B
89 Jeddah  Saudi Arabia 3,410,000 777 2.74 E / B
90 Montreal  Canada 3,390,000 1,676 1.05 A / A
91 Qingdao (Tsingtao)  People's Republic of China 3,290,000 712 1.15 E / B
91 Xi'an (Sian)  People's Republic of China 3,290,000 466 1.16 E / B
93 Chongqing (Chungking)[42]  People's Republic of China 3,260,000 259 1.06 E / B
94 Fortaleza  Brazil 3,220,000 725 1.80 C / B
95 Kanpur  India 3,180,000 142 2.43 A / B
96 Medellín  Colombia 3,170,000 189 2.46 C / B
97 Luanda  Angola 3,060,000 363 4.15 D / B
98 Casablanca  Morocco 3,040,000 220 2.08 E / B
98 Kabul  Afghanistan 3,040,000 259 5.09 E / B
100 Nairobi  Kenya 3,020,000 389 3.77 E / B
101 Harbin[43]  People's Republic of China 3,000,000 570 1.11 E / B
102 Dar es Salaam  Tanzania 2,990,000 246 4.47 C / B
103 Addis Ababa  Ethiopia 2,980,000 228 3.55 D / B
103 Salvador  Brazil 2,980,000 389 0.95 C / B
105 Durban (eThekwini)  South Africa 2,970,000 829 0.50 C / B
105 Seattle[44]  United States 2,970,000 2,470 1.16 A / A
105 Naples  Italy 2,970,000 777 −0.13 C / B
108 Chittagong  Bangladesh 2,940,000 168 4.21 C / B
108 Caracas  Venezuela 2,940,000 233 0.98 E / B
108 Kano  Nigeria 2,940,000 199 2.44 C / B
111 Surabaya  Indonesia 2,920,000 376 2.34 D / B
111 Curitiba  Brazil 2,920,000 842 2.01 C / B
113 San Diego[45]  United States 2,840,000 2,026 0.74 A / A
113 Cape Town  South Africa 2,840,000 686 0.73 C / B
115 Taichung  Republic of China (Taiwan) 2,740,000 492 2.32 E / B
116 Rome  Italy 2,720,000 855 −0.16 C / B
117 Lucknow  India 2,710,000 130 2.61 A / B
118 Jaipur  India 2,690,000 168 2.26 A / B
119 Amman[46]  Jordan 2,670,000 344 1.90 E / B
120 Dakar  Senegal 2,660,000 181 3.14 E / B
121 Faisalabad  Pakistan 2,640,000 168 3.35 C / B
122 Katowice–Gliwice–Tychy  Poland 2,620,000 725 1.11 C / B
122 Tel Aviv  Israel 2,620,000 453 1.63 D / B
124 Minneapolis–Saint Paul  United States 2,600,000 2,316 1.05 A / A
125 Pyongyang  North Korea 2,590,000 207 0.68 F / B
126 Kaohsiung  Republic of China (Taiwan) 2,570,000 363 0.70 E / B
126 Guayaquil[47]  Ecuador 2,570,000 220 2.25 D / B
126 Rawalpindi–Islamabad  Pakistan 2,570,000 233 3.35 C / B
129 İzmir  Turkey 2,540,000 272 1.79 E / B
130 Kiev  Ukraine 2,490,000 544 −0.09 D / B
131 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 2,480,000 712 3.89 E / B
132 Nagpur  India 2,470,000 114 2.17 A / B
133 Hangzhou (Hangchow)  People's Republic of China 2,440,000 414 1.90 E / B
134 Medan  Indonesia 2,430,000 246 2.46 E / B
135 Campinas  Brazil 2,400,000 958 1.39 C / B
136 Daegu  South Korea 2,380,000 181 −0.13 E / B
136 Tampa–St. Petersburg[48]  United States 2,380,000 2,078 1.80 A / A
138 Changchun  People's Republic of China 2,360,000 285 1.46 E / B
138 Aleppo  Syria 2,360,000 210 2.33 D / B
140 Frankfurt  Germany 2,340,000 673 0.50 C / B
141 Tashkent  Uzbekistan 2,320,000 531 0.61 E / B
142 Lisbon  Portugal 2,310,000 881 0.39 C / B
143 Changsha  People's Republic of China 2,290,000 337 1.68 E / B
144 Birmingham[49]  United Kingdom 2,280,000 600 −0.03 A / A
145 Denver[50]  United States 2,270,000 1,292 1.67 A / A
146 San Juan  Puerto Rico 2,260,000 2,309 0.23 A / A
147 Tunis  Tunisia 2,250,000 363 1.41 F / B
147 Fukuoka[51]  Japan 2,250,000 583 0.43 C / B
147 Port-au-Prince  Haiti 2,250,000 171 2.90 C / B
150 Manchester[52]  United Kingdom 2,240,000 558 −0.03 A / A
151 Cali  Colombia 2,230,000 155 2.07 C / B
152 Damascus  Syria 2,220,000 207 2.07 D / B
153 Havana  Cuba 2,210,000 285 0.04 D / B
153 Dalian  People's Republic of China 2,210,000 389 1.28 E / B
155 Colombo  Sri Lanka 2,180,000 223 1.22 E / B
155 Baltimore[36]  United States 2,180,000 1,768 0.61 A / A
155 Nanchang  People's Republic of China 2,180,000 155 1.75 E / B
158 St. Louis  United States 2,170,000 2,147 0.53 A / A
159 Sapporo  Japan 2,160,000 648 0.49 C / B
159 Santo Domingo  Dominican Republic 2,160,000 246 1.33 C / B
159 Shijiazhuang  People's Republic of China 2,160,000 401 1.63 E / B
162 Patna  India 2,150,000 83 3.32 A / B
163 Jinan (Tsinan)  People's Republic of China 2,130,000 466 0.77 E / B
164 Rotterdam–The Hague[53]  Netherlands 2,100,000 842 0.39 C / B
165 Budapest  Hungary 2,090,000 894 −0.19 D / B
166 Vancouver[54]  Canada 2,080,000 1,178 1.28 A / A
167 Indore  India 2,050,000 85 3.22 A / B
167 Hanoi  Vietnam 2,050,000 130 3.19 E / B
169 Brasília  Brazil 2,030,000 583 2.79 C / B
169 Cologne–Bonn[24]  Germany 2,030,000 932 0.50 C / B
169 Mashhad  Iran 2,030,000 207 1.69 E / B
172 Pretoria (Tshwane)  South Africa 2,020,000 673 1.26 C / B
172 Guatemala City  Guatemala 2,020,000 298 4.32 C / B
174 San‘a’  Yemen 2,010,000 194 4.30 E / B
174 Warsaw  Poland 2,010,000 544 0.07 D / B
174 Accra  Ghana 2,010,000 453 2.91 C / B
177 Asunción  Paraguay 2,000,000 596 2.83 E / B

References and Notes

  1. ^ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections
  2. ^ Includes large portions of the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama; and small portions of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki. Excludes urban areas of Utsunomiya (500,000; 88 km²) and Mito (500,000; 246 km²).
  3. ^ a b Demographia defines urban area of New York as combined urbanized area of New York–Newark, Bridgeport–Stamford, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury and Hightstown. New York and Philadelphia are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Hartford (852,000; 1,216 km²), Allentown–Bethlehem (576,000; 750 km²), Springfield (574,000; 800 km²), Harrisburg (363,000; 540 km²), Poughkeepsie (352,000; 686 km²), Lancaster (324,000; 517 km²), Reading (240,000; 261 km²), Atlantic City (227,000; 313 km²), York (193,000; 307 km²), Waterbury (189,000; 254 km²) and Norwich–New London (173,000; 319 km²) are also excluded.
  4. ^ Includes Suwon and Ansan.
  5. ^ Various international sources limit their population estimates to Jakarta itself. However, the urbanization of Jakarta extends into the regencies of Tangerang, Bekasi and Bogor and the separate cities of Bekasi, Depok and Bogor. Demographia continues to use the “Jakarta” name instead of Jabodetabek because of its familiarity.
  6. ^ Includes Kalyan, Bhiwandi and Panvel. A large part of the municipality of Mumbai is rural, composed of the Rajiv Ghandi National Park and thus not included in the urban area.
  7. ^ Excludes urban area of Santos (1,425,000; 207 km²).
  8. ^ Excludes urban areas of Toluca (1,250,000; 220 km²) and Cuernavaca (675,000; 171km²).
  9. ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida and Gurgaon.
  10. ^ Includes Nara and Himeji. United Nations estimates separate Osaka–Kobe and Kyoto and exclude both Nara and Himeji. Excludes urban area of Ōtsu (700,000; 389 km²).
  11. ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), tend to be limited to Metro Manila, which is a province level jurisdiction. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward into Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna and Rizal provinces. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  12. ^ Includes the Governorate of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and the cities of Al-Jizah (Giza) and Shubra al-Khaymah (Shubra El-Kheima)
  13. ^ Combined urbanized area of Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, Riverside–San Bernardino and Mission Viejo. Excludes urban areas of Oxnard (338,000; 196 km²), Lancaster–Palmdale (264,000; 234 km²), Indio–Palm Springs (255,000; 255 km²), Temecula–Murrieta (230,000; 248 km²), Thousand Oaks (211,000; 223 km²), Victorville–Hesperia (200,000; 321 km²), Santa Barbara (196,000; 155 km²), Santa Clarita (170,000; 141 km²), Hemet (117,000; 108 km²) and Simi Valley (112,000; 70 km²).
  14. ^ The population estimate is suspect, due to the lack of readily available data for local areas outside the city jurisdiction (Moscow Oblast). Other estimates (such as the United Nations estimate) include only the municipality of Moscow, which includes only part of the urban footprint.
  15. ^ Excludes urban area of La Plata (675,000; 228 km²) which has been included in the 2007 edition (total: 13,460,000; 2,979 km²).
  16. ^ a b c d Hong Kong in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Shenzhen are treated as separate urban areas because of the lack of freedom of labor movement without trade, immigration or customs barriers. Guangzhou–Foshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan are also treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Pearl River Delta metropolitan region. Likewise, urban areas of Jiangmen–Xinhui (600,000; 130 km²) and Taishan (350,000; 21 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen, urban areas of Zhuhai (530,000; 117 km²) and Zhongshan (410,000; 130 km²) as well as urban area of Macau (525,000; 23 km²) in the Macau Special Administrative Region are excluded. Population estimates for Shenzhen and Dongguan are based upon press reports, since the national census excludes millions of residents who do not have permanent resident status.
  17. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area.
  18. ^ Combined urbanized area of Chicago, Kenosha and Round Lake Beach–McHenry–Grayslake. Excludes urban areas of Milwaukee (1,309,000; 1,261 km²), South Bend (276,000; 404 km²), Rockford (270,000; 360 km²), Elkhart (131,000; 201 km²) and Racine (130,000; 119 km).
  19. ^ Higher population estimates are indicated by some source. The Demographia population estimate is determined from accumulating smaller area population data from the 2006 census. Excludes urban area of Ikorodu (525,000; 130 km²).
  20. ^ Excludes urban areas of Reading (370,000; 93 km²), Southend-on-Sea (269,000; 67 km²), Crawley (180,000; 54 km²), Slough (142,000; 31 km²), Thanet (119,000; 27 km²), High Wycombe (118,000; 33 km²), St Albans (115,000; 32 km²) and Basildon (101,000; 25 km²).
  21. ^ Excludes urban area of Karaj (1,025,000; 145 km²).
  22. ^ Excludes urban area of Brazzaville (1,200,000; 142 km²) in the Republic of the Congo.
  23. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is determined from accumulating smaller area population data from national census data within the urban footprint.
  24. ^ a b Essen–Düsseldorf and Cologne–Bonn are treated as separate urban areas. Excludes urban area of Aachen–Vaals (585,000; 401 km²) in both Germany and the Netherlands.
  25. ^ The population is higher than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which do not includes all population within the continuously developed urban area (especially in Taipei County). Excludes urban area of Chungli (1,600,000; 414 km²).
  26. ^ Excludes urban area of Vereeninging (Emfuleni) (600,000; 479 km²).
  27. ^ Combined urban area of Toronto, Hamilton and Oshawa. Excludes urban areas of Kitchener (423,000; 314 km²), St. Catharines–Niagara Falls (309,000; 383 km²), Barrie (158,000; 172 km²) and Guelph (116,000; 78 km²) which constitute the Golden Horseshoe metropolitan region in Canada as well as urban areas of Buffalo (977,000; 950 km²) and Rochester (694,000; 764 km²) in the United States of America.
  28. ^ Combined urbanized area of San Francisco–Oakland, San Jose and Concord. Excludes urban areas of Santa Rosa (285,000; 264 km²), San Rafael–Novato (233,000; 256 km²), Antioch (218,000; 156 km²), Vallejo (159,000; 88 km²), Santa Cruz (157,000; 142 km²) and Fairfield (112,000; 67 km²).
  29. ^ Combined urbanized area of Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington and Denton–Lewisville.
  30. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of sub-municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration). Excludes urban areas of Tanggu (450,000; 168 km²) within the municipality of Tianjin and Tangshan (875,000; 168 km²).
  31. ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area. Continuous urbanization extends well beyond the municipality of Kuala Lumpur, for example to Port Klang and the area represents a single labor market (metropolitan area). The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  32. ^ Combined urbanized area of Boston, Worcester and Nashua. Excludes urban areas of Providence (1,175,000; 1,304 km²), New Bedford (147,000; 162 km²), Manchester (144,000; 184 km²) and Leominster–Fitchburg (113,000; 162 km²).
  33. ^ Combined urbanized area of Houston and The Woodlands.
  34. ^ Include communities under the authority of the Town Council.
  35. ^ Excludes urban area of Fushun (625,000; 104 km²).
  36. ^ a b The US Census Bureau combines Baltimore and Washington into a single metropolitan area (consolidated area) but Demographia considers the two as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Aberdeen–Havre de Grace (175,000; 264 km²), Hagerstown (120,000; 199 km²) and Frederick (119,000; 204 km²) are also excluded.
  37. ^ Excludes urban area of Johor Bahru (650,000; 363 km²) in Malaysia.
  38. ^ Excludes Bergamo which has been included in the 2007 edition (total: 4,950,000; 3,043 km²).
  39. ^ Excludes urban areas of Toledo (503,000; 524 km²), Flint (365,000; 599 km²), Ann Arbor (284,000; 333 km²) and South Lyon (106,000; 246 km²) in the United States of America as well as urban area of Windsor (279,000; 176 km²) in Canada .
  40. ^ Excludes urban areas of Gosford (255,000; 275 km²) and Wollongong (234,000; 184 km²).
  41. ^ Excludes urban area of Geelong (137,000; 101 km²).
  42. ^ Excludes urban area of Wanzhou (200,000; 16 km²) within the municipality of Chongqing. The municipality of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the city of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area and has a land area similar to that of Austria.
  43. ^ Excludes urban areas of Acheng (300,000; 39 km²) and Shangzhi (250,000; 16 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Harbin.
  44. ^ Excludes urban areas of Bremerton (178,000; 304 km²), Olympia–Lacey (144,000; 238 km²) and Marysville (114,000; 190 km²).
  45. ^ Excludes urban area of Tijuana (1,400,000; 324 km²) in Mexico.
  46. ^ Includes Az-Zarqa.
  47. ^ Includes the locality of Eloy Alfaro (Durán).
  48. ^ Excludes urban areas of Sarasota–Bradenton (559,000; 700 km²), Lakeland (199,000; 312 km²), Winter Haven (154,000; 270 km²) and Brooksville (102,000; 217 km²).
  49. ^ Excludes urban areas of Coventry (336,000; 76 km²) and Nuneaton (132,000; 33 km²).
  50. ^ Excludes urban areas of Fort Collins (207,000; 216 km²) and Boulder (112,000; 85 km²).
  51. ^ Excludes urban area of Kitakyūshū (1,800,000; 1,166 km²). Some sources combine Fukuoka with Kitakyūshū (such as the United Nations), which is not a part of the continuous urbanization of Fukuoka. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  52. ^ Excludes urban areas of Liverpool (816,000; 186 km²), Birkenhead (320,000; 89 km²), Wigan (167,000; 39 km²), Warrington (158,000; 44 km²) and Southport (116,000; 31 km²).
  53. ^ Excludes urban areas of Amsterdam (1,100,000; 414 km²), Haarlem (450,000; 142 km²) and Utrecht (400,000; 109 km²) which constitute the Randstad metropolitan region.
  54. ^ Excludes urban area of Abbotsford (139,000; 155 km²).

See also

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