List of official languages: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 08:29, 11 August 2013
This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2012) |
Template:Comparison This is a list of official languages.
Official languages of supra-national institutions
See List of official languages by institution.
Official languages of sovereign countries
A
- Abkhazia (with Russian according to the Abkhazian constitution,[1] with Georgian according to the Georgian constitution[2])
- South Africa (with English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
Arabic (see also List of countries where Arabic is an official language):
- Algeria
- Bahrain
- Chad (with French)
- Comoros (with French and Comorian)
- Djibouti (with French)
- Egypt
- Eritrea (with Tigrinya and English)
- Iraq (with Kurdish)[7]
- Israel (with Hebrew)
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Morocco (with Berber)[8]
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Somaliland (with English and Somali)
- Somalia (with Somali)
- Sudan (with English)
- Syria
- Tunisia
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
- Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and other 33 languages)[11]
- Peru (with Spanish and Quechua and other languages)[12]
B
- Bangladesh[15]
- India (with other 22 regional Language, and with English as a link language)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Croatian, Serbian)
C
- China (using Simplified Han script)
- Taiwan (using Traditional Han script)
- Singapore (using Simplified Han script; with English, Malay and Tamil)[20]
- Croatia[21]
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian and Serbian)
- Czech Republic
- Slovakia (legislation states that a person using Czech language at a Slovak institution must be treated as if using Slovak language)
D
- Denmark
- Faroe Islands (with Faroese)
Dari:
- Afghanistan (a local variant of Persian, but defined as "Dari" in the Afghan constitution)[22]
- Belgium (sole official language in Flanders, with French in Brussels)
- The Netherlands (sole official language in every province except Friesland, where West Frisian is co-official and the BES islands, where Papiamento and English are co-official)
- Aruba (with Papiamento)
- Curaçao (with Papiamento)
- Sint Maarten (with English)
- Suriname
E
English (see also List of countries where English is an official language):
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Australia (considered de facto as no official language is mentioned in the Australian Constitution, with many other Aboriginal languages)
- The Bahamas
- Bangladesh (Official, de facto with Bangla which is officially de jure & de facto)
- Barbados
- Belize
- Botswana (but the national language is Tswana)
- Cameroon (with French)
- Canada (with French)
- Ontario (de facto; with limited French)
- Nova Scotia (de facto; with limited French & Gaelic)
- New Brunswick (with French)
- British Columbia (de facto; with limited French)
- Prince Edward Island (de facto; with limited French)
- Saskatchewan (de facto; with limited French)
- Alberta (de facto; with limited French)
- Newfoundland and Labrador (de facto; with limited French, Innu-aimun, & Inuttut)
- Northwest Territories (with 10 others)
- Yukon (with French)
- Nunavut (with Inuit & French)
- Dominica
- Eritrea (with Tigrinya and Arabic)
- Fiji (with Bau Fijian and Hindustani)[25]
- The Gambia
- Ghana
- Grenada (with French Creole)
- Guyana
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
- Republic of Ireland ("second official"; with Irish)[26]
- Jamaica
- Kenya (with Swahili)
- Kiribati
- Lesotho (with Sotho)
- Liberia
- Malawi (with Chichewa)
- Malaysia (de facto official language; still serve as official and national language with Malay in Sabah and Sarawak)[27]
- Malta (with Maltese)
- Marshall Islands (with Marshallese)
- Mauritius (with French)[28]
- Micronesia, Federated States of
- Namibia (Afrikaans, German, and Oshiwambo are regional spoken)[29]
- Nauru (with Nauruan)
- New Zealand (with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language)
- Nigeria
- Pakistan (with Urdu as the national language)
- Palau (with Paluan and Japanese)
- Papua New Guinea (with Tok Pisin and Motu)
- Philippines (with Filipino)
- Rwanda (with French and Kinyarwanda)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia (with French Creole)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (with French Creole)
- Samoa (with Samoan)
- Seychelles (with Creole, French)
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore (with Chinese, Malay, Tamil)[20]
- Solomon Islands
- Somaliland (with Arabic and Somali)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
- South Sudan
- Sri Lanka (with Tamil and Sinhala)
- Sudan (with Arabic)
- Swaziland (with Swati)
- Tanzania (with Swahili)
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tuvalu
- Uganda (with Swahili)
- United Kingdom (along with Irish, Ulster Scots, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish and Welsh)
- United States of America (considered the de facto national language. It is the sole, but unofficial, language of the federal government. The English Language is the official language of 27 states; see Languages of the United States#Official language status.)
- Vanuatu (with Bislama and French)[16]
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe (with Shone and Ndebele)
F
- Fiji (with English and Hindustani)[25]
- Philippines (with English)
French (see also List of countries where French is an official language):
- Belgium (with Dutch and German)
- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi (with Rundi)
- Cameroon (with English)
- Canada (with English)
- Quebec (with limited English)
- New Brunswick (with English)
- Northwest Territories (with 10 others)
- Yukon (with English)
- Nunavut (with Inuit & English)
- Central African Republic[30]
- Chad (with Arabic)
- Comoros (with Arabic and Comorian)
- Côte d'Ivoire
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (with Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili and Tshiluba)[31]
- Djibouti (with Arabic)
- Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish and Portuguese)
- France
- Gabon
- Guinea
- Haiti (with Haitian Creole)[32]
- Luxembourg (with German and Luxembourgish)
- Madagascar (with Malagasy)
- Mali
- Mauritius (with English)[28]
- Monaco
- Niger
- Republic of the Congo[33]
- Rwanda (with English and Kinyarwanda)
- Senegal
- Seychelles (with English)
- Switzerland (with German, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)[34]
- Togo
- Vanuatu (with Bislama and English)[16]
G
- Georgia[2]
- South Ossetia (with Ossetian and Russian)[35]
- Abkhazia (with Georgian according to the Georgian constitution)[2]
- Austria (with Hungarian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slovene)
- Belgium (with Dutch and French)
- Germany
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg (with French and Luxembourgish)
- Italy (in South Tyrol)
- Switzerland (with French, Italian, and Romansh)[34]
- 17 of the 26 cantons (monolingually German)
- Graubünden (with Italian and Romansh)
- Bern (with French)
- Fribourg (with French)
- Valais (with French)
H
- India ("official language of the Union"; with English; 22 other regional languages)[39]
- Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi)[25]
- Papua New Guinea (with English and Tok Pisin)
I
Ibo:
- Republic of Ireland ("national"; with English being "second official")[26]
- Italy
- Switzerland (with German and French)[34]
- Ticino
- Graubünden (with German and Romansh)
- San Marino
- Vatican City (with Latin)
- India (with Hindi Bhojpuri)
J
- Japan (de facto)
K
- Kazakhstan (with Russian)[42]
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (with French, Lingala, Swahili and Tshiluba)[31]
- Republic of the Congo (with French and Lingala)[33]
- Kyrgyzstan (with Russian)[45]
L
Lao:
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (with French, Kikongo, Swahili and Tshiluba)[31]
- Republic of the Congo (with French and Kituba)[33]
- Luxembourg (with French and German)
M
- Madagascar (with French)
- Malaysia
- Brunei
- Singapore (with English, Chinese and Tamil)[20]
- Indonesia (a standardized local dialect of Malay, but treated as the separate language in Indonesia)[41]
- Malta (with English)
- Isle of Man (with English)
- New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)
- Moldova (identical to Romanian; defined as Moldovan in the Moldovan constitution)[46]
- Transnistria (Cyrillic alphabet is used; with Russian and Ukrainian; independence is disputed)[47]
N
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
- Zimbabwe (with English and Shona)
- New Zealand (alongside English and Maori)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
- Norway (two official written forms - Bokmål and Nynorsk)
O
- South Ossetia (with Russian and Georgian; independence is disputed)[35]
P
- Afghanistan (with Dari in Afghanistan)[22]
- Iran
- Afghanistan (with Pashto and Dari in Afghanistan)[22]
- Tajikistan (called Tajiki in Tajikistan)[49]
- Angola
- Brazil
- Cape Verde
- East Timor (with Tetum)
- Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish and French)
- Guinea-Bissau
- Mozambique
- Portugal
- São Tomé and Príncipe
Q
- Bolivia (with Spanish, Aymara, Guaraní and other 33 languages)[11]
- Peru (with Spanish and Aymara)[12]
R
- Romania
- Moldova (officially called Moldovan, although identical to Romanian according to the law of Moldova)[46]
- Switzerland (with German, French, and Italian)[34]
- Graubünden (with German and Italian)
- Russia (in some regions together with regional languages)[50]
- Abkhazia (with Abkhaz according to the Abkhazian constitution;[1] independence is disputed)
- Belarus (with Belarusian)[14]
- Kazakhstan (with Kazakh)[42]
- Kyrgyzstan (with Kyrgyz)[45]
- South Ossetia (with Ossetian and Georgian; independence is disputed)[35]
- Tajikistan ("inter-ethnic communication"; with Tajik)[49]
- Transnistria (with Moldovan and Ukrainian; independence is disputed)[47]
S
- Serbia
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Croatian)
- Kosovo (independence is disputed; with Albanian)
- Sri Lanka (with Tamil, and with English as a link language)
- Somalia
- Somaliland (with Arabic and English)
- Lesotho (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
- Argentina
- Bolivia (with Aymara, Quechua and Guaraní)[11]
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Bolivia (with Aymara
- Easter Island (with Rapa Nui)
- Ecuador (de facto)
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea (with French and Portuguese)
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Mexico (de facto)
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay (with Guaraní)[37]
- Peru (with Aymara and Quechua)[12]
- Puerto Rico (with English)
- Spain[52](Aranese, Basque, Catalan, and Galician are co-official in some regions)
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
- Western Sahara (with Arabic)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (with French, Kikongo, Lingala and Tshiluba)[31]
- Kenya (with English)[53]
- Tanzania (de facto)
- Uganda (since 2005; with English)
- Swaziland (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
- Sweden
- Finland (with Finnish)
- Åland Islands (monolingually Swedish) (an autonomous province under Finnish sovereignty)
T
- Tajikistan (a variant of Persian written in Cyrillic)[49]
- see Filipino
- India (with other 22 regional Language, and with English as a link language)[citation needed]
- Singapore (with English, Chinese and Malay)[20]
- Sri Lanka (with Sinhala, and with English as a link language)
- Malaysia (with Malay, and with English as a link language)[citation needed]
- Mauritius (with English as a link language)[citation needed]
- East Timor (with Portuguese)
Thai:
- Papua New Guinea (with English and Hiri Motu)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (with French, Kikongo, Lingala and Swahili)[31]
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
- Botswana (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
U
- Ukraine
- Transnistria (with Moldovan and Russian; independence is disputed)[47]
Urdu:
- Pakistan (with English)
- Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
V
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu)[3]
X
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Zulu)[3]
Y
Z
Zulu:
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[3]
Number of countries with the same official language
This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official.
Several languages are officially used in two countries, these are:
- Albanian - Albania and Kosovo*
- Armenian - Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh*
- Aymara, Quechua - Bolivia and Peru
- Chewa - Malawi and Zambia
- Croatian - Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Greek - Greece and Cyprus
- Korean - North Korea and South Korea
- Slovak - Slovakia and Czech Republic
- Sotho - South Africa and Lesotho
- Swati - South Africa and Swaziland
- Swedish - Sweden and Finland
- Tamil - Singapore and Sri Lanka
- Tswana - South Africa and Botswana
- Turkish - Turkey and Cyprus
- Ukrainian - Ukraine and Transnistria*
- Note
- Asterisk shows the countries which independence is disputed
Official regional and minority languages
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- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Cherkess, Karachay, Nogai and Russian)[54]
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian)
- Altay, Republic of (state language; with Russian)[57]
Aranese see Occitan
- India (with Hindi, English {as a "subsidiary official language"} and 20 other official languages)
Avar:
- Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Kabardian and Russian)[58]
- Bashkortostan (state language; with Russian)[59]
- Basque Autonomous Community (with Spanish)
- Navarre (in some areas with Spanish)
- India (with Hindi, English {as a "subsidiary official language"} and 20 other official languages; second most spoken Indian Language)
- part of Serbia
- Sandžak region
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Albanian, Croatian and Serbian)
- Buryatia (state language; with Russian)[60]
- Zabaykalsky Krai
- Agin-Buryat Okrug (authorized language)[61]
- Hong Kong (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto; co-official with English)
- Macau (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto; co-official with Portuguese)
- parts of Spain
- Balearic Islands (with Spanish)
- Catalonia (with Spanish)
- Valencia (named as Valencian, with Spanish)
- parts of France
- parts of Italy
- Chechnya (state language; with Russian)[62]
- Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[56]
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Karachay, Nogai and Russian)[54]
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Cree:
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Crimea (with Russian and Ukrainian)
- part of Austria
- Burgenland (with German and Hungarian)*part of Italy
- Molise[citation needed]
- part of Serbia
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Albanian, Bosnian and Serbian)
- The Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) (Flemish Language with French, English for some part of the region)
English:
- parts of Canada:
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba (with French)
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Saskatchewan
- New Brunswick (with French)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ)
- Nunavut (with Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, and French)
- Yukon (with French)
- The United Kingdom:
- England
- Northern Ireland
- Scotland
- Wales
- Isle of Man (with Manx Gaelic)
- Guernsey (with French)
- Jersey (with French)
- parts of the United States. See English-only movement. English is an official language in the following states and territories:
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii (with Hawaiian language)
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kentucky
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Montana
- Nebraska
- New Hampshire
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Puerto Rico (with Spanish)
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Texas
- Tennessee
- U.S. Virgin Islands
- Utah
- Virginia
- West Virginia
- Wyoming
Even:
- Faroe Islands (with Danish)
- parts of Canada
- New Brunswick (co-official with English)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, English, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ)
- Nunavut (with English, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut)
- Quebec
- Yukon (with English)
- Guernsey (with English)
- Jersey (with English)
- Puducherry (co-official with Tamil in the Union Territory of Puducherry. Also Telugu and Malayalam are its regional official languages)
- part of Italy
- Aosta (co-official with Italian)
- part of USA with Louisiana
- The Netherlands: co-official in the province of Friesland (with Dutch)
- part of Spain
- Galicia (with Spanish)
- Italy
- South Tyrol (together with Italian and Ladin)
- in Argentina
- Corrientes Province (co-official with Spanish)
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Hawaii (with English)
- part of Serbia
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
- part of Romania
- part of Slovenia
- part of Croatia
- part of Slovakia
- part of Austria
- Ingushetia (state language; with Russian)[67]
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) (along with Ulster Scots and English)
- part of Croatia
- Istria county (with Croatian)
- part of Slovenia
- Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Balkar and Russian)[58]
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Nogai and Russian)[54]
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
- Republic of Altay (official language; in localities with Kazakh population)[69]
- part of the People's Republic of China
- part of Mongolia
- Mori, with Mongolian
- Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Mansi and Nenets)[71]
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Nenets and Selkup)[72]
Komi:
- Perm Krai
- Komi-Permyak Okrug (official language)[74]
- part of the People's Republic of China with Chinese (Mandarin)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Kizilsu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Lak:
Macedonian:*part of Albania
- part of Serbia
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
- Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Nenets)[71]
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
Mari (Hill and Meadow):
- Mexico (*only recognized)
- Guatemala (*only recognized)
- Belize (*only recognized)
- Honduras (*only recognized)
- El Salvador (*only recognized)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)
- Bortala, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Bayin'gholin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Dorbod, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Qian Gorlos, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Harqin Left, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Fuxin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Weichang, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Subei, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Henan, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Mexico (*only recognized)
- El Salvador (*only recognized)
- Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Mansi)[71]
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Selkup)[72]
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
- Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[56]
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Russian)[54]
- Aran Valley (with Catalan and Spanish)
Ossetic (Digor and Iron dialects):
- North Ossetia—Alania (state language; with Russian)[76]
Portuguese:*part of the People's Republic of China
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
Russian. Russian is fixed as a state language in the Constitutions of the republics of the Russian Federation:
- Adygea (state language; with Adyghe)[55]
- Altay, Republic of (state language; with Altay)[57]
- Bashkortostan (state language; with Bashkir)[59]
- Buryatia (state language; with Buryat)[60]
- Chechnya (state language; with Chechen)[62]
- Chuvashia (state language; with Chuvash)[64]
- Dagestan (state language; with the languages of the Dagestan peoples)[56]
- Ingushetia (state language; with Ingush)[67]
- Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Balkar and Kabardian)[58]
- Kalmykia (state language; with Kalmyk)[68]
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Nogai)[54]
- Karelia (state language)[77]
- Khakassia (state language; with Khakas)[70]
- Komi (state language; with Komi)[73]
- Mari El (state language; with Mari (Hill and Meadow))[75]
- Mordovia (state language; with Erzya and Moksha)[65]
- North Ossetia—Alania (state language; with Ossetic)[76]
- Sakha (state language; with Sakha)[78]
- Tatarstan (state language; with Tatar)[79]
- Tyva (state language; with Tuvan)[80]
- Udmurtia (state language; with Udmurt)[81]
- Russian (with Gagauz) is an official language of Gagauzia (autonomous republic within Moldova)
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
- Ukraine
- Zakarapts'ka region (with Ukrainian, Hungarian)
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
Sami:
- Finland (in four municipalities)
- Norway (in six municipalities in two provinces)
- Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)
- part of the People's Republic of China (It's different from Tajiki of Tajikistan)
- Taxkorgan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Scotland (United Kingdom) (with English and Scots)
- Scotland (United Kingdom) (with English and Scottish Gaelic)
- Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
- Donegal (Republic of Ireland)
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Nenets)[72]
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
- Pakistan (Official language in the Province of Sindh along with Urdu and English)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Puerto Rico (with English)
- Philippines (mainly as Chavacano in Basilan and Zamboanga Peninsula)
- French Polynesia (with French)
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
Tat:
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
- Tibet Autonomous Region (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Diqing (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Wenshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Huangnan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))
- Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Tianzhu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Urdu:
- India (with 22 other regional languages)
- Jammu and Kashmir
- Delhi Territory
- Uttar Pradesh state
- Bihar state
- Andhra Pradesh mainly in Hyderabad (former princely state of Nizam) and adjacent areas of Maharashtra and Karnataka
- Xinjiang (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Veps:
- Guangxi Province, China (some regional status)
- Part of Cambodia
- Part of Laos
- Wales (United Kingdom) (with English)
- Russia (only in Jewish Autonomous Oblast, with Russian)
See also
- List of official languages by institution
- List of official languages by state
- List of languages without official status
- National language
References
- ^ a b Template:Ref-ru Статья 6. Конституция Республики Абхазия
- ^ a b c Article 8. Constitution of Georgia
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Section 6. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
- ^ Article 14. Albanian Constitution
- ^ Article 5. Kosovo Constitution
- ^ Article 5. Ethiopian Constitution
- ^ a b Article 4. Constitution of Iraq
- ^ a b Article 5. Constitution du Maroc
- ^ Article 12. Constitution of Armenia
- ^ Article 15. Constitution of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
- ^ a b c d Artículo 5. Constitución Política del Estado
- ^ a b c Artículo 48. Constitución Política del Perú
- ^ Article 21. Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan
- ^ a b Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
- ^ 3. The state language. Constitution of Bangladesh
- ^ a b c Article 3. Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu
- ^ Article 3. Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
- ^ Article 450. Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
- ^ Article 2. La Constitució del Principat d’Andorra
- ^ a b c d Articles 44, 53, 123. Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
- ^ Article 12. Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
- ^ a b c Article 16. Constitution of Afghanistan
- ^ Article 11. Constitution of the Republic of Maldives
- ^ Article 1. Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan
- ^ a b c Section 4. Fiji Constitution
- ^ a b Article 8. Constitution of Ireland 1937
- ^ Article 152 - National Language and Other Languages, Constitution of Malaysia
- ^ a b Article 49. Constitution of Mauritius
- ^ Namibia - Constitution, servat.unibe.ch/icl (International Constitutional Law collection), 1990, retrieved 2008-05-02 (Article 3)
- ^ a b Article 18. Constitution de la République Centrafricaine
- ^ a b c d e Article 1. Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- ^ a b Article 5. La Constitution de la République d’Haïti
- ^ a b c Article 5. Constitution de la République du Congo
- ^ a b c d Article 4. Constitution fédérale de la Confédération Suisse
- ^ a b c Template:Ref-ru Статья 4. Конституция Республики Южная Осетия
- ^ a b App. D., Part 1, Art. 3. Constitution of Cyprus
- ^ a b Artículo 140. Constituciones de la República del Paraguay
- ^ a b c Article 55. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
- ^ Part XVII. Constitution of India
- ^ Article H. Fundamental Law of Hungary
- ^ a b Article 36. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
- ^ a b Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- ^ Article 5. Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia
- ^ Article 165. North Korean Constitution
- ^ a b Template:Ref-ru Статья 10. Конституция Кыргызской Республики
- ^ a b Article 13. Constitution of the Republic of Moldova
- ^ a b c Article 12. Constitution of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_India
- ^ a b c Article 2. Constitution of Tajikistan
- ^ Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation
- ^ Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws - e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) „Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz
- ^ Section 3. Spanish Constitution
- ^ Article 7. The Constitution of Kenya (2010)
- ^ a b c d e Article 11 of the Constitution of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
- ^ a b Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Adygea
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan
- ^ a b Article 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Altay
- ^ a b c Article 76 of the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
- ^ a b Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- ^ a b Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Buryatia
- ^ Article 108 of the Statute of the Zabaykalsky Krai
- ^ a b Article 10 of the Constitution of the Chechen Republic
- ^ a b c d e Article 6 of the Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) On languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
- ^ a b Article 8 of the Constitution of the Chuvash Republic
- ^ a b c Article 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia
- ^ a b c Law of the Republic of Karelia On state support of Karelian, Veps and Finnish languages in the Republic of Karelia
- ^ a b Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia
- ^ a b Article 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kalmykia
- ^ Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Altay On languages
- ^ a b Article 69 of the Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia
- ^ a b c Law of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug On the languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North living within the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
- ^ a b c Law of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug On native languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North within the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
- ^ a b Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Komi
- ^ Article 42 of the Statute of the Perm Krai
- ^ a b Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mari El
- ^ a b Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia—Alania
- ^ Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia
- ^ a b Article 46 of the Constitution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
- ^ a b Article 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan
- ^ a b Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tyva
- ^ a b Article 8 of the Constitution of the Udmurt Republic