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Jat Airways

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Aeroput (talk | contribs) at 12:46, 6 August 2013 (Correcting typo). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other uses, see Jat (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Jet Airways

Jat Airways
IATA ICAO Call sign
JU JAT JAT
Founded17 June 1927 (1927-06-17) (as Aeroput 86 years ago)
HubsBelgrade Nikola Tesla Airport
Frequent-flyer programExtra Flight Club
Fleet size18
Destinations25
HeadquartersBelgrade, Serbia
Key peopleVelibor Vukašinović (acting CEO)
Websitewww.jat.com

Jat Airways (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [jât]) is the national flag carrier and largest airline of Serbia, and formerly Yugoslavia. Originally founded in 1927 as Aeroput, the airline ceased operations during World War II. After resuming flights in 1947, the airline was renamed JAT Jugoslovenski Aerotransport on 1 April 1947. It was renamed in 2003 to its present name. Jat Airways and its predecessors are one of the oldest airlines still in operation. Its flight operations are based at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, and operates scheduled international services to 25 destinations, as well as charters and wet leases.[1] Jat Airways is owned by the government of Serbia and has 1,230 employees.

On 1 August 2013, the Government of the Republic of Serbia and Etihad Airways entered into an agreement which will see the operations of Jat Airways reorganized and rebranded into Air Serbia after a transitional period ends.[2] Certain assets, such as the ATR72 aircraft will be transitioned to Air Serbia whereas other assets (such as the 737-300s) will remain in JAT Airways branding until retired.[3] The change will mark the end of 66 years of the JAT brand.

History

Aeroput

Main article: Aeroput
Six Aeroput Potez 29/2 biplanes at the old Belgrade-Dojno polje Airport, 1929
Aeroput MMS-3 made in Aeroput workshops in Zemun, 1935
JAT Convair CV-340
File:Belgrade Airport 1960s.jpg
JAT Sud Aviation Caravelle at Belgrade International in the 1960s
JAT McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 at Manchester Airport in September 1975
JAT McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 at Zürich Airport in May 1985
JAT Boeing 727-200 at Zürich Airport in May 1985
Boeing 737-300 at Stuttgart Airport, 1988
JAT Yugoslav Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, 2003

The company was founded on 17 June 1927 as Aeroput. Its first international flight was in 1929 between Belgrade and Graz.[4] In 1937, the expansion of international routes and an increase in passenger numbers enabled Aeroput to acquire the Lockheed Model 10 Electra. Aeroput continued to operate until the Second World War. On 1 April 1947, the name was changed to JAT - Jugoslovenski Aerotransport (Yugoslavian Air Transport), then to JAT Yugoslav Airlines and finally to Jat Airways on 8 August 2003.[5]

JAT Yugoslav Airlines

In 1946, it was apparent that, due to the nature of its tasks, the Yugoslav Air Force would not be able to become involved in the nation's post-war build-up of civil aviation. Consequently, preparations were made for the formation of an air transport company. Three Douglas C-47 Skytrain and three Junkers Ju 52 were converted to carry passengers. The airline was officially renamed to JAT - Jugoslovenski aerotransport on 1 April 1947.

In 1949, Yugoslavia was faced with a dire international position: isolated both by the West and the East. This caused further rationing of fuel, difficulties in procuring spare parts and the cancellation of all flights to Eastern European destinations. JAT was forced to survive on 6 domestic lines. When Yugoslavia turned to the West, an agreement was made with Swissair to open the Belgrade-Zürich route, which was inaugurated on 24 August 1949. Company stagnation marked the operations in 1949, because the traffic volume was well below fleet potentials and transport needs in the country. However, 1954 was in many ways a turning point. Convair CV-340 and Convair CV-440 Metropolitan aircraft were purchased for short-haul and medium-haul routes, after which the Douglas DC-3 was used only on domestic routes. Multiple international and domestic routes were opened soon after. In 1957, six Ilyushin Il-14M aircraft were purchased. JAT purchased several Douglas DC-6B for long-haul routes in 1959.[5]

Jet age

In 1963, the first Sud Aviation Caravelle jet-powered aircraft joined the JAT fleet. In 1969, the first McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 jet (of 16) arrived, followed in 1974 by the first two (of 9) Boeing 727-200 aircraft.[6]

Long-haul routes to North America, Australia and the Far East were flown by Boeing 707s, introduced in 1970. In 1978, a wide body McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 (which was chosen over the Boeing 747-200) was purchased to succeed the Boeing 707s on the longer-haul routes, although the 707s stayed in service into the 1980s on ad hoc charters and as scheduled-flight replacement aircraft. The purchase of a DC-10-30 wide-body aircraft was followed several years later by the purchase of a medium-range aircraft.[6]

In 1985, JAT was the first European airline to purchase Boeing 737-300s. During those years, the company carried 5 million passengers annually and served 80 destinations on five continents (19 domestic, 45 medium haul and 16 long haul routes). JAT also constructed a large hangar to accommodate wide-body aircraft and a jet-engine test stand at its Belgrade hub.

1990s

In 1992, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia broke apart resulting in the Yugoslav Wars. JAT was forced to stop all domestic services. The United Nations imposed sanctions on 20 May 1992 against Yugoslavia. For the first time since World War II, international transport was forcibly terminated. This was preceded by the decisions of Germany and Italy to interrupt any traffic with Yugoslavia: on 21 December 1991 - Germany (the largest market for JAT in Europe, with 7 flights daily and 40  million German marks gross annual profit), followed by Italy on 10 January 1992. The US introduced an embargo on air traffic with Yugoslavia on 2 May 1992: the last JAT flights to the United States were to Chicago and New York City. JAT management decided to re-route North American long-range flights to Canada. However, Canada quickly followed and banned all JAT flights entering the country, terminating all JAT operations across the North Atlantic.

During that time, JAT operated only domestic services between Belgrade, Podgorica, Tivat, Niš, Pristina and - for a very short time - Užice-Ponikve Airport. In 1994, JAT resumed some of its international services. In 1998, JAT ordered 8 Airbus A319, this was seen as a political stunt by the president.[7] The original delivery date was June 2000 but this date has been postponed until a total of $23.5 million is paid off to Airbus while Jat is hoping to divert the deal to another airline. Soon after all flights were canceled as Europe introduced a new ban and FR Yugoslavia was bombed for 78 days.[6]

In April 2000, director general Žika Petrović was gunned down in front of his home in Belgrade.[6]

New millennium

In 2003 the airline introduced a new name and livery - Jat Airways Boeing 737-300 at Brussels Airport
Boeing 737-300 at Dubai International Airport, United Arab Emirates

International sanctions were lifted in 2000, and JAT resumed regular flight services. To celebrate the move that coincided with the country restructuring from FR Yugoslavia to Serbia and Montenegro, JAT Yugoslav Airlines changed its name to Jat Airways on 8 August 2003. Jat sold its single DC-10-30 on 24 June 2005 to France based company TAT Industries. During 2005, the company also phased out all Boeing 727 and DC-9 aircraft. The last airworthy DC-9-32 was leased to the United Arab Emirates company Eastern SkyJets.

Jat Airways is not a member of any alliances or partnerships but does code share on some routes with Adria Airways, Aeroflot, Air France, Alitalia, Austrian Airlines, B&H Airlines, KLM, LOT Polish Airlines and TAROM.

Jat Airways introduced its online booking system in September 2006 and electronic tickets in April 2007. Jat Airways celebrated 80 years of service on 17 June 2007. In 2007 and 2008 the airline received an award as one of the five best brands from Serbia. It also received an award for its television advertisements celebrating 80 years of service.[8] On 3 July 2008 the Jat Airways reestablished air links with Croatia after a 17-year absence.[9]

In 2012, Jat celebrated its 85th birthday and began refurbishing its cabins in both business and economy class, at the same time introducing a new frequent flyer program.[10]

Privatization attempts

The government of Serbia has held two unsuccessful attempts to privatize Jat Airways, in 2008 and 2011.[11]

On 16 January 2008, the government of Serbia announced it would sell a 51% stake in the airline.[12] The starting price for the airline's 51% share was 51 million euros, decreased from the earlier announced 150 million in order to increase interest.[13] The tender was canceled after no company had submitted an offer following the deadline.

In 2011, the Serbian government announced that it would create a successor to Jat Airways with a strategic partner. The new airline would assume all of Jat’s healthy assets, codeshare agreements, aircraft and airport slots.[14] Baltic Aviation Systems was the only company to purchase the tender documentation but decided not to pursue the partnership further.[15] The tender was again canceled due to a lack of interested buyers.

Strategic partnership with Etihad Airways

In March 2013, Serbia's Minister of Finance Mlađan Dinkić traveled to Abu Dhabi to propose that Etihad Airways take a stake in Jat in order to renew its fleet.[16][17] In April it was confirmed that Etihad added Belgrade to its summer timetable as a part of the initiative to become a co-owner of Jat alongside the Serbian government.[18] A purchase of a 49% stake in Jat by Etihad is widely suggested by observing media, which is dependent on whether a MoU is signed with the government of Serbia, possibly in May 2013.[19][20] On 17 June 2013, a MoU was signed with Etihad and the Serbian government on exploring the possibility of an equity investment in Jat Airways.[21]

On 1 August 2013, the Serbian Government and Etihad Airways formalised an agreement which will see a reorganisation and rebranding of the airline's operations to Air Serbia, an entity in which the Serbian Government will have a 51% stake and Etihad Airways will own 49%.[22] Etihad Airways was also granted management rights over the carrier for an initial five year period.[23]

Liveries

Yugoslav Airlines

When the name Yugoslav Airlines first appeared on aircraft in 1950, the airline had a simple, mainly white livery. During these years there was a Yugoslav flag on the tail, and on the body the words Jugoslovenski Aerotransport. Shortly afterwards the airline changed its livery, when the word on the tail section with a red shaped egg on the tail in which JAT was written in white colours. The rest of the tail was blue, with Yugoslav Airlines written on the fuselage in red. There were variations of this livery during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The biggest change in this period was when the first Boeing 737-300 aircraft arrived with a silver body.

JAT Yugoslav Airlines

With the reintroduction of international flights in 1994 after two years of economic sanctions, JAT introduced a new livery and corporate image. A "euro-white" livery was adopted and the centre-piece was a new tail logo which contained a stylized Yugoslav flag with the white colour being represented by a pair of white wings, the larger wing symbolizing Serbia and the smaller Montenegro. For the first time, the word JAT was written on the aircraft in small blue letters. The words Jugoslovenski Aerotransport were painted on the starboard side and Yugoslav Airlines on the port side and these were written in silver italic script. In 1996, the livery was slightly modified, with JAT being painted in billboard size at the front with a small Yugoslav flag in the "A" in JAT. During this time, as a result of the extensive leasing of aircraft by JAT, most aircraft lost the tail logo completely. The livery was updated again in 2001 with the flag in the billboard titles disappearing, and the words Yugoslav Airlines and Jugoslovenski Aerotransport being painted in blue using the same font as the main logo. Not all of the aircraft received this update as the livery was updated again with the introduction of the new name "Jat Airways".

Jat Airways

On 20 March 2003, the airline changed its name to Jat Airways.[24] A national competition was held to design the new logo and livery. The winning design had 3 dots on the tail: blue, red and blue. The fuselage of the aircraft had a large Jat Airways written on it, with Jat in red and Airways in blue. The new logo was the name Jat Airways written with 3 dots in blue, red and blue following it. Jat Airways painted only one aircraft in these colours, a Boeing 737-300.

Jat started painting its aircraft all white and in 2006, most aircraft were white with a small Jat Airways logo. In December 2006 the airline decided to return to its dot livery. By August 2007 all aircraft had been painted. The livery is slightly different from the previous dot livery. It has the dots on the tail, but the small jat titles remain rather than the big Jat Airways logo across the fuselage.[citation needed]

Jat Airways livery timeline
1950s–1963
1963–1994
1963–1994
Special silver livery exclusive to 737 model
1994–2003
2003–2006
2006–2013

Destinations

Main article: Jat Airways destinations

Codeshare agreements

Jat Airways has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[25]

Services

Jat Catering

File:Jat Catering logo.jpg
Jat Catering
A Jat Airways ATR 72-201 at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport

Jat Catering is a subsidiary of Jat Airways, providing in-flight meals for Jat Airways. Jat Catering offices and kitchens are situated in the industrial area of Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport. Jat Catering offers special meals for vegetarians, vegans and toddlers.

On board

The aircraft of Jat Airways are fitted out in a two-class configuration. In the Boeing aircraft, Jat has a business-class section and an economy-class section. On ATR 72 aircraft, the airline offers a one class all economy configuration with the business class section, which used to be located in the back removed in mid-2008. Every passenger gets a complimentary copy of Jat’s in-flight magazine “Jat Airways Review”. All drinks, food and duty-free items are available during the flight.

  • Jat Business Class

Includes copy of Jat Airways Review Magazine, large black leather seats with limited reclining capabilities, and stowaway tray tables. From August 2012 the business class seats will be progressively replaced by economy class grey leather seats. However, the middle seat will be left unoccupied for greater leg space and comfort.

  • Jat Economy Class

Includes copy of Jat Airways Review magazine, dark blue leather seats with limited reclining capabilities, and stowaway tray tables. From August 2012, the airline began refurbishing its Boeing 737-300 economy class section by replacing the seats with grey leather seating.

Frequent Flyer

"Extra Flight Club" is the name of the Jat Airways frequent-flyer program. The program works whereby passengers register each time they fly with Jat, gaining bonus points in return. After the appropriate number of points is collected, passengers are issued a free ticket.

Charters

Jat Airways organizes individual and group charter flights on all types of Jat Airways aircraft, both domestic and international. The users of this service include tourist agencies, sports teams and fans, artistic groups and ensembles, as well as participants of congresses and fairs. Most charters take place during the summer time to Greek, Turkish, Egyptian, Tunisian, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French and Bulgarian holiday resorts.

Freight

Jat Airways offers cargo services on all destinations in its network with special cargo only flights to Podgorica and Tivat in Montenegro, in addition to passenger flights as well.

Jat Tehnika

Main article: Jat Tehnika

Legally a separate company from Jat Airways, Jat Tehnika provides services and maintenance for Jat's fleet and other airline companies, such as Sky Express, Jet2.com, Astraeus Airlines, UT Air and Transaero Airlines.

Fleet

A Jat Airways ATR 72-202 at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport
Jat Airways Boeing 737-300 landing at Zürich Airport, Switzerland

The Jat Airways fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of August 2013):[28]

Jat Airways Fleet
Aircraft In Fleet Orders Passengers Notes
J Y Total
ATR 72-202 3 0 0 66 66
ATR 72-500[29][30][31][32][33][34] 2 0 0 70 70
Boeing 737-200ADV 1 0 0 125 125 Operated by Aviogenex
Boeing 737-300 10 0 8 126 134 Two units are stored for spare parts.[35]
Boeing 737-300 2 0 12 110 122 Leased from Bulgaria Air[36]
Total 18 0 Last updated: 2 August 2013

Historical fleet

Jat Airways (Yugoslav Airlines) has operated the following types of aircraft:

Jat Airways historical fleet
Aircraft Introduced Retired
Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-N 1963 1976
ATR 42-300 1987 1990
ATR 72-201 1991 2011
Boeing 707-300C 1971 1988
Boeing 727-200 1970 2005
Boeing 737-400 2003 2010
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 1969 2005
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 1978 2005

Previously operated

A JAT Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-N at Düsseldorf International Airport, June 1973
JAT Yugoslav Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 at Zürich Airport, 1985
JAT Yugoslav Airlines BAC One-Eleven at Düsseldorf International Airport, November 1989
Previously operated fleet
Type Total Period of service Names of aircraft
Junkers Ju 52 3 1946-1950s YU-SAA, YU-SAB, YU-SAC
Douglas C-47 Skytrain 19 1946-1950s YU-ABA, YU-ABB, YU-ABC, YU-ABD, YU-ABE, YU-ABF, YU-ABG, YU-ABH, YU-ABI, YU-ABJ, YU-ABK, YU-ABL, YU-ABU, YU-ABV, YU-ABW, YU-ACA, YU-ACB, YU-ACC, YU-ACD
Douglas DC-3 1 1947-1950s YU-ABM
Convair CV-340 3 1950s and 1960s YU-ADA, YU-ADB (later converted to CV-440), YU-ADC
Convair CV-440 Metropolitan 7 1950s and 1960s YU-ADK, YU-ADL, YU-ADM, YU-ADN, YU-ADO, YU-ADP, YU-ADR
Ilyushin Il-14M 6 1950s and 1960s YU-ADE, YU-ADF, YU-ADG, YU-ADH, YU-ADI, YU-ADJ
Douglas DC-6B 3 1960s YU-AFA, YU-AFB, YU-AFD
Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-N 5 1963 to 1975 YU-AHA, YU-AHB, YU-AHD, YU-AHF, YU-AHG
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 16 1969-2005 I-DIKI, YU-AHL, YU-AHM, YU-AHN, YU-AHO, YU-AHP, YU-AHT, YU-AHU, YU-AHV, YU-AJH, YU-AJI, YU-AJJ, YU-AJK, YU-AJL, YU-AJM, YU-AJN
Boeing 707-321, Boeing 707-340C, Boeing 707-351C 10 1970s and 1980s N722PA, N724PA, YU-AGA, YU-AGD, YU-AGE, YU-AGF, YU-AGG, YU-AGH, YU-AGI, YU-AGJ
Boeing 727-200 12 1970-2005 D-AHLL, D-AHLM, YU-AKA, YU-AKB, YU-AKD, YU-AKE, YU-AKF, YU-AKG, YU-AKI, YU-AKJ, YU-AKK, YU-AKL
Rombac 1-11-561RC One-Eleven 1 1990 YR-BRA (leased from TAROM)
Lockheed L-1011 TriStar 500 1 1989 JY-AGB (leased from Royal Jordanian)
McDonnell Douglas DC 10-30 8 1978-2005 N107WA, OH-LHA, OO-SLA, TU-TAL, YU-AMA, YU-AMB, YU-AMC, YU-AMD
ATR 42-300 3 1987-1990 YU-ALK, YU-ALL, YU-ALM
ATR 72-201 1 1991-2011 YU-ALS
Boeing 737-400 3 2003-2010 YU-AOO (leased from Air One for three years, later the plane had been lost in Indonesia on 1 January 2007 as Adam Air Flight 574)
YU-AOR (leased from US Airways which has leased the aircraft in 2007 to Adam Air)
YU-AOS (leased from US Airways in 2004 and 2011 dismantled at Kemble Airfield[37])

Miscellaneous

  • The Aeroput MMS-3 (reg. as YU-SAR) became the first passenger aircraft designed and made in Serbia in 1934 under Aeroput's brand name. Also Aeroput ordered two Spartan Cruiser II aircraft and a licence to build further aircraft of the same type. In 1935 one Cruiser II (reg. as YU-SAP) was built under Spartan's licence for Aeroput by Zmaj aircraft company in Zemun.[38]
  • In 1953, JAT began organising their flights with the introduction of flight codes. The first code, JU720 was used on the Belgrade-Zagreb-Ljubljana route, while the return flight took the code JU721.
  • Towards the end of August 1959, JAT transported its millionth passenger since the founding of the company back in 1927.
  • A JAT Boeing 707-321 flew around the world. Commencing on 10 November 1974, the flight took 19 days to complete, flying: Belgrade-Beirut-Bombay-Singapore-Tokyo-Honolulu-Los Angeles-New York-London-Belgrade.
  • In 1978, a wide body McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 (which was chosen over the Boeing 747-200) was purchased to succeed the Boeing 707s on the longer-haul routes, although the 707s stayed in service into the 1980s on ad hoc charters and as scheduled-flight replacement aircraft.
  • Jat Airways was the first operator of the Boeing 737-300 aircraft in Europe. It arrived at the Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport on 8 August 1985 as YU-AND.[39]
  • Jat Airways was to become the first operator of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 aircraft. However, due to the break-up of Yugoslavia and the imposition of sanctions on Serbia, the aircraft were never delivered.
  • In 2004, Jat Airways was named one of the safest airlines in Europe by the IATA. Jat Airways pilots are considered among the best trained pilots in the world.[40]
  • Former JAT flight attendant, Vesna Vulović, holds the world record in surviving the highest free fall with no parachute, when she fell from 10,160 metres (33,333 ft) after the aircraft she was on, was destroyed by a bomb.[41]
  • In 1985, a JAT Yugoslav Airlines flight picked up Mahmoud Abbas in Rome, Italy as he sought political asylum in Yugoslavia after U.S. authorities requested his arrest.[42]
  • In 2002, the company utilized its fleet for UN missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War.[43]
  • The body of former president Slobodan Milošević was transported to Serbia for burial on a Jat Airways regular commercial flight from Amsterdam on 15 March 2006.[44]
  • Since 1994, Jat Airways has used the following slogans: In safe hands (U sigurnim rukama) [2010–present], The best fly with Jat (Najbolji lete „Jatom“) [2007-2010] and More than Flying (Više od letenja) [1994-2007]

Incidents and accidents

Incidents
Date Aircraft type Fatalities Description
23 November 1974
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32
YU-AJN
 None
The aircraft crashed 1 mile short of the runway after losing visual contact while on an approach at Belgrade Surčin Airport. None of the 50 passengers were hurt.
16 August 1980
Boeing 707-340C
YU-AGG
 None
The aircraft overran Stockholm's Arlanda Airport runway 26 while landing in a thunderstorm blowing several tyres and receiving mud in all 4 engines. There were no fatalities in the incident.[45]
4 October 2009
Boeing 737-300
YU-ANV[46]
 None
The aircraft overran Istanbul's Atatürk Airport runway while landing en route from Belgrade by 50 metres. All 125 passengers and six crew were safely evacuated.[47]
21 December 2009
Boeing 737-300
None
The aircraft suffered a mid-air engine failure when according to witnesses a piece of fuselage detached and flew into the engine causing sparkles, flames and subsequent shut down of the engine. Due to unstable weather conditions in Istanbul the plane diverted and made a safe emergency landing in Sofia.[48]
Accidents
Date Aircraft type Fatalities Description
26 January 1972
McDonnell Douglas
DC-9-32
YU-AHT
27
Flight JU 367, McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 was destroyed in flight by Émigré Croat terrorists (Ustaše) who had placed a bomb on board. Of the 28 passengers and crew members on board, 27 died, with flight attendant Vesna Vulović the only survivor.[49]
11 September 1973
Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-N
YU-AHD
41
Flight JU 769 is JAT's most recent accident with loss of life. The aircraft struck the Babin Zub peak on Maganik mountain near Podgorica, at 6,300 feet while descending from 9,000 to 6,000 feet in IMC conditions on flight from Skopje to Titograd (today known as Podgorica), killing all 41 passengers and crew members on board. Allegedly, the flight was instructed to start descent, although the aircraft was not visible on radar (which were allegedly not working well at the time) nor could the control tower staff on Podgorica Airport make visual contact with the aircraft. At the time of the flight, there weren't any qualified staff at the control tower in Podgorica.[45]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. 3 April 2007. p. 97.
  2. ^ http://www.etihad.com/en-au/about-us/news/archive/2013/etihad-airways-and-government-of-serbia-unveil-strategic-partnership-to-secure-future-of-serbian-national-airline/. Etihad Airways. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  3. ^ http://new.livestream.com/etihad/AirSerbiaStaffBriefing. Air Serbia staff briefing. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  4. ^ Jat Airways. "Istorijat" (in Serbian).
  5. ^ a b Jat Airways. "Aeroput Istorijat" (in Serbian).
  6. ^ a b c d jatairways.com (old website - no longer available). "JAT: 80 Years".
  7. ^ "Jat begins fleet renewal". Exyuaviation.blogspot.com. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  8. ^ "Jat Airways - View Single News". Jat.com. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  9. ^ "Jat od 3. jula leti za Pulu" (in Serbian). B92. 4 June 2008. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  10. ^ "Jat unveils new cabin interior". Exyuaviation.blogspot.com. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  11. ^ Večernje novosti. "Jat ide za dve godine" (in Serbian).
  12. ^ "Tender za Jat do aprila". Privredni pregled (in Serbian). 16 January 2008. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  13. ^ exyuaviation.blogspot.com. "Jat Airways privatisation: Tender starts - 51 million Euro starting price".
  14. ^ "Nova nacionalna aviokompanija" (in Serbian). Radio Television of Serbia. 16 April 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  15. ^ exyuaviation.blogspot.com. "The new Jat".
  16. ^ "Mrkonjić: Svaka čast Dinkiću ako je našao partnera za JAT!" (in Serbian). Blic. 28 March 2013.
  17. ^ Daniel Shane (25 March 2013). "Serbia's Jat Airways offers Etihad minority stake". ArabianBusiness.com.
  18. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Etihad - Jat tie up details". Ex-Yu aviation blog-spot. 12 April 2013.
  19. ^ "JAT Agrees Marketing Alliance with Etihad". airwise.com. 15 April 2013.
  20. ^ "Jat Airways, Etihad make first partnership step". B92. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  21. ^ [1] EX YU Aviation News: UPDATED Etihad announces possible equity investment in Jat - 17 June 2013
  22. ^ http://www.etihad.com/en-au/about-us/news/archive/2013/etihad-airways-and-government-of-serbia-unveil-strategic-partnership-to-secure-future-of-serbian-national-airline/. Etihad Airways media release. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  23. ^ http://www.etihad.com/en-au/about-us/news/archive/2013/etihad-airways-and-government-of-serbia-unveil-strategic-partnership-to-secure-future-of-serbian-national-airline/. Etihad Airways media release. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  24. ^ "Jugoslovenski aerotransport postao JAT ervejz" (in Serbian). B92. 20 March 2003. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  25. ^ "Lufthansa prekida saradnju sa Jatom".
  26. ^ http://atwonline.com/airports-amp-routes/air-berlin-jat-airways-agree-codeshare
  27. ^ "Air France i Jat ponovo sklopili kodšer sporazum".
  28. ^ "Jat Airways Fleet". Jat.com. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  29. ^ [2] oy-reg.dk: Jat Airways ATR 72-212A(500) YU-ALT former Carpatair YR-ATR (Nordic Aviation Capital OY-CJT)
  30. ^ [3] Alitalia (operated by Carpatair) ATR 72-212A (YR-ATR) lease history
  31. ^ [4] oy-reg.dk: Nordic Aviation Capital ATR 72-212A(500) OY-NAB
  32. ^ [5] Ka Beogradu poleteo drugi iznajmljeni ATR za Jat
  33. ^ [6] Jat Airways ATR 72-212A(500) YU-ALU former Executive Airlines (American Eagle) N536AT
  34. ^ [7] Alitalia ATR 72-212A(500) N536AT
  35. ^ [8] Aviokarta (Serbian): Jat Airways od danas leti sa samo sedam aviona - April 19, 2013
  36. ^ http://www.gdeinvestirati.com/ostale-teme-124/sektori/saobracaj/15073-jat-uzima-na-lizing-dva-aviona
  37. ^ YU-AOS at Kemble Airfield, United Kingdom
  38. ^ aeroflight.co.uk. "Yugoslavia - the aviation industry". Aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  39. ^ "Boeing 737 Aircraft Facts, Dates and History". Flightlevel350.com. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  40. ^ "Jat Receives Its Second IOSA Certificate". Jat.com. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  41. ^ Patrick Mondout. "Stewardess Survives 33,000ft Crash".
  42. ^ Michael White, Campbell Page and Barney Petrovic. "US foiled as hijack 'leader' vanishes | World news | guardian.co.uk". Guardian. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  43. ^ "Photos: McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 Aircraft Pictures". Airliners.net. 20 June 2002. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  44. ^ "Body of Milosevic arrives in Belgrade". Usatoday.Com. 15 March 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  45. ^ a b Richard Kebabjian. "By Airline/Operator".
  46. ^ "Jat Airways 737-300 slides off runway at Istanbul". Flight Global. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  47. ^ Anatolia News Agency. "Plane skids off runway at Istanbul airport".
  48. ^ Blic newspaper. "Avion bezbedno sleteo u Sofiju".
  49. ^ "The Longest Fall Survived". Thelongandtheshort.com. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
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